大学英语5

课程 授课人 大学英语一级 李继民 授课内容或课题 Unit Five Section A The Battle Against AIDS 了解对文章的总体结构；了解段落结构特征：a problem-solution paragraph掌握语言点：重点词语，复杂结构。不但让学生了解文章的框架结构，同时掌握基本语言点。 教学 要求与 目的 重 点 难 点 重点：重要单词，以及单词所构成的短语 难点：复杂句法结构，难以理解的句子 课型 计划课时 计划每单元四学时 课前准备 课 后 小 结 1

I : Warm- up exercise:

raising some questions concerning the text, making use of preview questions or make up questions to elicit the subject.

II: outline and text structure （一）汉语概述

为了与艾滋病作斗争，1995年成立的南卡罗来纳艾滋病教育网络机构利用一切机会，对公众进行教育。最初是在美发店内散发资料，后发展到学校、社区组织和教堂。在此过程中，这一机构总结了经验。但这些经验不是解决艾滋病危机的有效的办法。教育仍然是预防感染艾滋病的唯一办法，与艾滋病抗争是长期的任务，每个人都有义务和责任参与进来。 （二）英文提要

AIDS has become a serious social problem in America, which has killed and been threatening several hundred thousand of lives, especially those poor blacks and Latinos. In place of government inactivity, some local organizations have made efforts to make full use of the limited resources to deal with the problem. They do the job creatively and have gained a lot of useful experience. Of course, the battle against AIDS needs everyone’s involvement. （三）篇章结构展示 Part One (paras. 1-2)

AIDS threatens so many lives in the United States, and has become a very serious problem of American Society.

Part Two (paras. 3-13)

Contrary to the inefficiency of the government, local organizations have emerged to fight against AIDS.

Part Three (para.14)

Conclusion

III: word study and phrases （一）词汇学习

acquire [kwai] vt.（1）取得，获得（2）学到

【经典例句】Most college students prefer to work in vacations to acquire money for their tuition

and fees rather than depend on their parents.

大多数大学生宁愿在假期打工挣学费而不愿依靠父母。

【扩展学习】近义词：acquire, get, obtain, gain, achieve

immune [imun] a. (1)免疫的，有免疫力的（2）免除的 【经典例句】The medicine will make you immune to the disease.

这种药可以使你对这种疾病产生免疫力。

The man was told that he would be immune from punishment if he helped the police.

这个人被告知如果他协助警察，就可以免受处罚。

【扩展学习】用法与搭配：be immune…to/against使„„有免疫力；be immune…from使„„

免除，豁免

infect [infekt] vt.（1）感染；（2）影响

【经典例句】Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him.

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得重感冒的人会将感冒传染给他周围的人。 She infected the whole class with her enthusiasm. 她的热情感染了整个班级。

【扩展学习】用法与搭配：be infected with 感染（疾病），如：He was shocked when he knew

he was infected with the AIDS virus. 当他得知自己染上了艾滋病毒时感到很震惊。

constitute [knstitut] vt.（1）组成（2）建立

【经典例句】Seven days constitute a week.一周有七天。

The committee had been improperly constituted, and therefore had no legal power. 该委员会的建立不合规定，因而没有合法的权利。

【扩展学习】近义词：consist of 包括；注意两者在用法上的不同：一个是──整体+ consist

of +部分；另一个是——部分+ constitute +整体。如：A year consists of twelve months. １年由１２个月组成。Twelve months constitute a year. １２个月组成１年。

implement [implimnt] vt. 实施，执行

【经典例句】The government is implementing its program of helping the poor.

政府在实施扶贫政策。

The committee’s suggestions must be implemented immediately. 委员会的意见必须立即贯彻执行。

【扩展学习】同根词：implement n（.C）工具，器具，用具Man’s earliest implements were carved

from stone and bone. 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头制成的。

combat [kmbt] vt. 与„„斗争，与„„战斗n.战斗，斗争，格斗

【经典例句】The new government promised to take measures to combat crime.

新政府承诺采取措施与犯罪行为作斗争。

【扩展学习】近义词：battle；fight；war；campaign

illustrate [ilstreit] vt. （1）说明，阐明（2）给„„加插图

【经典例句】Let me give -another example to illustrate this difficult point.

我再举个例子说明这个难点。

If you illustrate the book it will be more expensive. 如果你给这本书配插图的话，它就更昂贵了。

【扩展学习】同根词：illustration n. 说明，例证；图解，插图

illuminate 阐明，解释，启发，是正式用词。 arriage. 她与我有姻亲关系。

risk [risk] n. 危险，风险vt. 冒着„„的危险

【经典例句】The captain didn’t want to risk taking his ship across the sea until he could see

where he was going.这位船长在了解其行驶方向之前不想冒险驾船穿越大海。 The economy will fall further, putting more jobs at risk.经济将进一步滑坡，使更多的人遭受失业的危险。

【扩展学习】用法与搭配：risk doing sth. 冒险干„„；at risk 处境危险；at the risk of 冒„„

的危险；take/run the risk of doing 冒„„的危险；at any risk 无论冒什么危险，无论如何 调

regardless [regadlis] ad. 不顾一切地，无论如何，不管怎样

【经典例句】I must make the decision regardless.无论如何，我必须做出决定。

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【扩展学习】用法与搭配：regardless of 不管，不顾，如：The plane will take off, regardless of

the weather.无论天气如何，飞机都将起飞。Regardless of whether he is right or wrong, we have to obey his order. 不管他是对还是错，我们都得服从他的命令。

efficiency[ifinsi] n. 效率

【经典例句】The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods

usually increase efficiency.把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上，通常可以提高效率。

【扩展学习】同根词：efficient a. 效率高的；（人）有能力的

用法与搭配：high/low efficiency 高/低效率；raise/improve/increase the efficiency 提高效率；decrease/lower the efficiency 降低效率

近义词：effect 影响，效果，注：effect作可数名词时，指某人或某物的影响产生的特殊效果；作不可数名词时，可用于bring …into effect, come into effect 等短语中，表示“使生效”。

（二）短语学习

in place of：in stead of 代替

【经典例句】William talked at the meeting in place of the manager who was sick.

威廉代替身体不适的经理在会上作了发言。

suffer from：experience (sth. unpleasant, e.g. an illness) 受„„之苦，患（某种疾病） 【经典例句】He suffered a great deal from cold and hungry.

他饥寒交迫。

pass out：（1）give to each person in a group 分发；（2）faint 晕倒 【经典例句】They passed the food out to all who came.

他们把食物分给所有来的人。

She is easy to pass out at the sight of blood. 她一见血就容易晕倒。

as a result：therefore 因此，结果

【经典例句】The girl did not work hard enough. As a result, she failed the exam.

女孩不够刻苦，结果考试没及格。

the solution to：the answer to „„的解答；解决„„的办法

【经典例句】She found no solution to the financial problem. 她没办法解决资金上的问题。 distract …from：take one’s attention from 使分心

【经典例句】Noises distracted my attention from studying.噪音分散了我学习的注意力。

sign up (for sth.)：sign an agreement to take part in sth. 报名参加；签约参加工作（或组织） 【经典例句】She signed up for a secretarial course. 她报名参加秘书培训班。

IV: sentences difficult to understand 1) Another 185000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die (para 1) 【译文】此外，在100万感染艾滋病毒的人中有18.5万人也将不久于人世。

【英义】Of the one million people who have the HIV virus, 185,000 are also likely to die.

2) While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists, the network shares these lessons

learned in its battle against AIDS. (para. 7) 【译文】尽管还没有找到一种能战胜艾滋病的办法，但这一网络机构在与艾滋病的斗争中获得了这些经验。

【英义】Although no certain way is found to cure AIDS, the network makes others know about

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these experiences acquired in the battle against AIDS.

【解析】（1）while 在这里引导让步状语从句。（2）learned 是分词作定语修饰lessons。 1. Many communities have a low literacy rate, making impossible passing out AIDS literature

and expecting people to read it. (para. 8)

【译文】许多社区的居民受教育比例低，这使得向他们散发艾滋病资料并希望他们自己

阅读的做法不可能实现。

【英义】Most of people in many communities are not able to read and write, and this make it

impossible to hand out materials about AIDS and expect them to read them.

【解析】（1）making impossible …to read it 是现在分词短语作结果状语。（2）passing out

AIDS literature and expecting people to read it 是make 的宾语，impossible 是宾语的补足语。因为宾语太长，所以放在impossible 的后面。有时为避免这种头重脚轻的现象，也可以用make it impossible to do…的结构。

2. As a result, such books actually have more effect in the communities where they are used than

government publications, which cost thousands of dollars more to produce. (para. 9)

【译文】这样一来，这些书在使用它们的社区里所产生的影响要比政府出版的书更为深

远，而且政府出版的书成本要高出数千美元。

【英义】It turns out that such books are in fact more effective in the communities where they

are used than the books or magazines printed by the government, which cost more money to produce.

【解析】where they are used 作定语，修饰communities。they 指代such books。which cost

thousands of dollars more to produce 是非限定性定语从句。

3. Like no other plague before, the AIDS epidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and

leave another without parents. (para. 14)

【译文】与以前其它的瘟疫不同，艾滋病这一流行病可能会夺取一代人的生命，从而使

另一代人失去双亲。

【英义】Unlike other plagues before, the AIDS plague is likely to kill an entire generation and

make another generation lose their parents.

【解析】（1）like no other plague 相当于different from other plague，但是用no表示强调。

（2）wipe out 意为“消灭，歼灭”，在句中表示夺去人的生命。

4. We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done.

Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us from our task. (para. 14)

【译文】我们决不能让文化、种族和社会的障碍阻止我们从事必须做的工作，更不能因

政府的低效率而停止完成我们的这项任务。

【英义】We must not let cultural, racial, or social barriers take our attention from the job that

must be done. And we can not let the low efficiency of the government stop us from our job.

5. We simply cannot let people continue to die because we don't feel comfortable talking about

AIDS. (para. 14)

【译文】我们决不能因为谈论艾滋病会使我们感到难受，而听任人们继续被艾滋病夺去

生命。

【英义】We really cannot let people continue to die just because we are not happy to talk about

AIDS.

V: Practice Writing depending on time allocation

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