Most of the luxuries, and many of the so-called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hindrances tothe elevation of mankind. With respect to luxuries and comforts, the wisest have ever lived a more simple and meagre lifethan the poor. The ancient philosophers, Chinese, Hindoo, Persian, and Greek, were a class than which none has beenpoorer in outward riches, none so rich in inward. We know not much about them. It is remarkable that we know so much ofthem as we do. The same is true of the more modern reformers and benefactors of their race. None can be an impartial orwise observer of human life but from the vantage ground of what we should call voluntary poverty. Of a life of luxury the fruit isluxury, whether in agriculture, or commerce, or literature, or art. There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not
philosophers. Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live. To be a philosopher is not merely to havesubtle thoughts, nor even to found a school, but so to love wisdom as to live according to its dictates, a life of simplicity,independence, magnanimity, and trust. It is to solve some of the problems of life, not only theoretically, but practically. Thesuccess of great scholars and thinkers is commonly a courtier-like success, not kingly, not manly. They make shift to livemerely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of a noble race of men. But why domen degenerate ever? What makes families run out? What is the nature of the luxury which enervates and destroys nations?Are we sure that there is none of it in our own lives? The philosopher is in advance of his age even in the outward form of hislife. He is not fed, sheltered, clothed, warmed, like his contemporaries. How can a man be a philosopher and not maintain hisvital heat by better methods than other men?
(徐迟译)⼤部分的奢侈品,⼤部分的所谓⽣活的舒适,⾮但没有必要,⽽且对⼈类进步⼤有妨碍。所以关于奢侈与舒适,最明智的⼈⽣活得甚⾄⽐穷⼈更加简单和朴素。中国、印度、波斯和希腊的古哲学家都是⼀个类型的⼈物,外表⽣活再穷没有,⽽内⼼⽣活再富不过。我们都不够理解他们。然⽽可惊的⼀点是,我们居然对于他们知道得不少呢。近代那些改⾰家,各民族的救星,也都如此。唯有站在我们所谓的⽢贫乐苦这有利地位上,才能成为⼤公⽆私的聪明的观察者。⽆论在农业,商业,⽂学或艺术中,奢侈⽣活产⽣的果实都是奢侈的。近来是哲学教授满天飞,哲学家⼀个没有。然⽽教授是可羡的,因为教授的⽣活是可羡的。但是,要做⼀个哲学家的话,不但要有精美的思想,不但要建⽴起⼀个学派来,⽽且要这样地爱智慧,从⽽按照了智慧的指⽰,过着⼀种简单、独⽴、⼤度、信任的⽣活。解决⽣命的⼀些问题,不但要在理论上,⽽且要在实践中。⼤学问家和思想家的成功,通常不是帝王式的,也不是英豪式的,反⽽是朝⾂式的成功。他们应付⽣活,往往求其与习俗相符合,像他们的⽗辈⼀般,所以⼀点不能成为更好的⼈类的始祖。可是,为什么⼈类总在退化?是什么使得那些家族没落的?使国家衰亡的糜侈是什么性质的呢?在我们的⽣活中,我们能否确定⾃⼰并未这样?哲学家甚⾄在⽣活的外形上也是处在时代前列的。他不像他同时代⼈那样地吃喝、居住、穿着、取暖。⼀个⼈既是哲学家,怎会没有⽐别⼈更好的养⾝的保持体温的⽅法呢?
1、“都是⼀个类型”强调了“a (class)”⽽成了“the same (class)”到了戴欢版本就成了“都是同⼀种格调”,问题就更突出了。2、“外表⽣活”与“内⼼⽣活”可以考虑代之以“物质⽣活”和“精神⽣活”3、“know sb”与“know of sb.”的区别要译出来
4、 There are nowadays professors of philosophy, but not philosophers. 这⼀句朴实地述说了⼀个现状:“现在有哲学教授却没有哲学家”。并没有说“满天飞”和“⼀个没有”这么夸张地强调。戴欢版本中“哲学教授⼀抓⼀⼤把,可哲学家却没见⼀个”夸张更甚。
5、Yet it is admirable to profess because it was once admirable to live.英语中很清楚,“to profess”是不定式,⽽不是名词“教授”,⽽且“to live”并没有说是“教授的⽣活”,何况“once”也漏掉了。戴欢版本“哲学教授可是令⼈称羡的职业,因为哲学教授的⽣活曾经是令⼈称羡的。”⼜添油加醋,离得更远了。
6、接下来的英语原⽂,其结构为“To be a philosopher is not …, nor…, but…”也就是说“做⼀个哲学家,不是…,也不是…,⽽是…”。徐译“不但……不但……⽽且”戴译“不仅……还……⽽且”都把“but”的转折译成递进了。
“不是仅仅有深奥的思想,甚⾄也不是要创⽴学派,⽽是要爱智慧”――哲学家究竟要不要创⽴学派,这⾥是清楚的。梭罗在这⾥⽤了“拆字”来分析哲学家:哲学家philosopher中“philo”是“love(爱)”,“sophia”是“wisdom (智慧)”,所以“To bea philosopher is …to love wisdom”。
7、They make shift to live merely by conformity, practically as their fathers did, and are in no sense the progenitors of anoble race of men
他们⼏乎像他们⽗辈⼀样,只是设法通过与习俗相符合⽽⽣活,他们绝没有创始⾼贵之族。
(戴欢译)⼤多数的奢侈品,⼤部分的所谓⽣活的悠然⾃在,不仅没多⼤必要,⽽且对⼈类的发展实在是个阻碍。
谈到奢侈与舒适这两⽅⾯,最明智者往往过得⽐贫困者更为单纯和朴实。古代的哲学家们,有中国的、印度的、波斯的和希腊的,都是同⼀种格调的⼈物,他们的外在⽣活贫穷得⽆⼈可⽐,可内⼼⽣活的富有谁也难敌。我们对他们理解得并不透彻,但很明显,我们对他们的⽣平却知之甚多。
离我们年代更近的改⾰家和民族的救星们,事实上也同样如此。谁若要成为⼈类⽣活的公正⽆私⽽⼜充满智慧的旁观者,他必定要⾝处安贫乐道这样⼀种有利的地位上。奢侈的⽣活必然结出奢侈的果实,⽆论是从事农业、商业或者⽂学、艺术,都莫过如此。
在当今,哲学教授⼀抓⼀⼤把,可哲学家却没见⼀个。然⽽,哲学教授可是令⼈称羡的职业,因为哲学教授的⽣活曾经是令⼈称羡的。要做⼀个哲学家不仅要有敏锐的思想,还要⾃成⼀个学派,⽽且要这般地热爱智慧,以便遵照智慧的指引去过⼀种简朴、独⽴、洒脱和虔诚的⽣活。要解决某些⼈⽣的难题,不仅要从理论上,更要从实际中加以解决。
那些所谓的卓越学者和思想家,他们的功成名就通常不是帝王式的,也不是英雄豪杰式的,反倒是⼀种朝⾂趋炎附势之类的成功。他们对⽣活善于应变⾃如,为的是遵从⽗辈传下的习俗,所以,⽆法成为更⾼尚的⼈类导师。
但是,为何⼈类总是在退化呢?为何弄得家道衰败?致使国家衰亡的奢糜本质究竟是些什么?我们能否确信⾃⼰的⽣活中绝没有这种因素呢?即便是在⽣活的外在表现形式上,哲学家也是处于时代领先地位的。他在吃喝、住宿、穿着、取暖等⽣活⽅⾯,与他的同时代⼈定是迥然有别的。他既然受之⽆愧地被称为哲学家,怎么没有⽐其他凡夫俗⼦更为⾼明的维持体能的⽅法呢?
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