2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
03词汇（二）
考点二 名词
对于名词、形容词和副词的考查仍然是考查对句意的理解及词义记忆和辨析。考生只要理解了句意，弄清楚选项的词义，这类题目的题就很容易做对。
1. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________ on our lives in many ways. （2019天津）
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment 【答案】B
【解析】句意：可以看出，人工智能在很多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。Impact意为“影响”，符合句意。
2. Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. （2019江苏） A. priority 【答案】A
【解析】句意：如今，旅游的重点已经从购物转移到品尝美食和欣赏美景。priority意为“优先（权）”，符合句意。
3. The __________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space. （2018天津）
A. advice B. order C. possibility D. invitation 【答案】C
【解析】宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直以来激励着科学家们探索外层空间。posibility意为“可能性”，符合句意。
4. Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.（2018江苏） A. assignment 【答案】D
【解析】句意：尽量去理解实际发生的事情，而不要按照你所做出的假设去行事。assumption意为“假设”，符合句意。
B. association
C. acquisition
D. assumption
B. potential
C proportion
D. pension
5. The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight ___________ of rain later tonight. （2016天津）
A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D
【解析】句意：天气预报说今天会是多云，后半夜可能有雨。Chance在此表示“可能性”，符合句意。
6. —Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life? （2016江苏） —Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record C. range D. receipt 【答案】A
【解析】问句意为：你能告诉我们你快乐和长寿的秘诀吗？recipe在此意为“秘诀”，符合句意。
7. Some schools will have to make __________ in agreement with the national soccer reform. （2015江苏） A. judgments 【答案】B
【解析】一些学校将不得不作出调整以和国家足球改革相一致。adjustment意为“调整” 符合句意。
8. The failure was a big ________ to him, but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. （2015福建） A. blow 【答案】A
【解析】句意：这次失败对他是个沉重打击，但是，他没有灰心，很快就和以往一样热情奔放。blow意为“打击”，符合句意。
9. — Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. （2015江苏） — I’d like to, but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ______. A. requests 【答案】C
【解析】句意：——戴夫，去向妈妈说对不起。——我想去，可又怕妈妈对我的道歉不满意。apology意为“道歉，歉意”，符合句意。
B. excuses
C. apologies
D. regrets
B. issue
C. excuse
D. factor
B. adjustments
C. comments
D. achievements
10. He gave himself a new name to hide his ____ when he went to carry out the secret task. （2015湖北）
A. emotion B. talent C. identity 【答案】C
【解析】句意：他去执行秘密任务的时候，给自己起了个新名字以掩盖真实身份。identity意为“身份”，符合句意。
考点三 形容词
1. Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people ___________ options to exercise. （2019江苏） A. casual 【答案】C
【解析】句意：与传统的健身房不同，带有app的健身房给人们提供灵活的锻炼项目。Flexible意为“灵活的”，符合句意。
2. Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff. （2018江苏） A. keen 【答案】B
【解析】句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿为员工提供足够的培训进行投入。reluctant意为“不情愿的”，符合句意。
3. —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. （2017天津） —I’m sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn’t ended. A. busy B. active C. concerned D. available 【答案】D
【解析】答语意为：对不起，你现在还不能见他，因为会议还没有结束。available意为“可得到的，可获得的”，符合句意。
4. Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart-phones defeated ____________ PCs in sales.
B. reluctant
C. anxious
D. ready
B. regular
C. flexible
D. tight
D. treasure
（2017江苏）
A. controversial B. contradictory C. confidential D. conventional 【答案】D
【解析】乔布斯才刚刚去世五年后，智能手机就在销售方面击败了传统的个人电脑。conventional意为“传统的”，符合句意。
5. The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But _________ explanations are hard to find. （2017江苏）
A. alternative B. aggressive C. ambiguous D. apparent 【答案】A
【解析】句意：恐龙的消失不一定是由天文事件引起的，,但却很难找到能替代的解释。alternative 意为“可替代的”，符合句意。
6. His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected. （2016江苏）
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary 【答案】A
【解析】句意：他的广泛调查就数据是如何、基于什么采集的提供了最为清晰的说明。explicit意为“清晰的”，符合句意。
7. It was ______ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. （2015福建） A. careless 【答案】B
【解析】句意：麦克告诉我们他晚点来，以防我们担心，他考虑得真周到。considerate意为“考虑周到的”，符合句意。
8. The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ______ review of the case. （2015江苏） A. comprehensive 【答案】A
【解析】警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底的、广泛的审查。comprehensive意为“广泛地”，符合句意。
9. Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be _____.（2015湖北）
B. complicated
C. conscious
D. crucial
B. considerate
C. patient
D. generous
A. accurate 【答案】B
B. punctual C. efficient D. reasonable
【解析】句意：尽管会议大厅靠近他的公寓，如果他想要准时的话，还是必须快点。punctual意为“守时的，准时的”，符合句意。 考点四 副词
1. A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is _________ established. （2019天津） A. properly B. widely C. originally D. temporarily
【答案】A
【解析】狗的饮食习惯需要经过恰当的训练才能建立起来。Properly意为“恰当的，正确的”，符合句意。
2. The girl used to be shy, but is ____ getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. （2015湖北） A. gradually 【答案】A
【解析】句意：那个女孩过去很害羞,但现在团队合作越来越积极,(比以前)更愿愿意表达自己。gradually意为“逐渐地”，符合句意。
3. Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was _____ alive. A. steadily 【答案】C
【解析】我们大多数人，如果了解哪怕是一点点有关食物来自哪里，都会明白放在我们嘴里的每一口食物之前都是活着的。formerly意为“以前地”，符合句意。
4. The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ______.（2014浙江） A. blindly 【答案】A
【解析】 教育的目标是培养年轻人自己思考而不是盲目地追随别人。Blindly意为“盲目地”，符合句意。
B. unwillingly
C. closely
D. carefully
B. instantly
（2015浙江）
B. usually
C. previously D. merely
C. formerly D. permanently
5．It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ____ , supply more jobs. （2014安徽）
A. however B. anywhere C. therefore D. otherwise 【答案】C
【解析】我们希望在市场上有更大的作为，因此提供更多的工作。therefor意为“因此”，符合句意。
巩固练习：
1. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional __________. A. consequence
B. independence
C. competence
D. intelligence
【答案】C
【解析】句意：老师必须不断更新知识，以保持其职业技能。competence意为“技能，能力”，符合句意。
2. Can you tell the ________ difference between the words “require” and “request”? I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings. A. dramatic 【答案】D
【解析】句意：你能告诉我require和request这两个词的细微差别吗？有时我被它们的意思弄蒙了。subtle意为“细微的”，符合句意。
3. An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always ______. A. practical B. avoidable C. permanent D. beneficial 【答案】C
【解析】句意：不幸的童年会对一个人的性格产生消极影响，但不会是永久性的。permanent意为“永久的”，符合句意。
4. She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too _____ about her job. A. special 【答案】D
【解析】句意：她已经尽力了，请不要再对她的工作挑剔了。particular意为“挑剔的”，符合句意。
5. I’m trying to break the __________ of getting up too late. A. tradition 【答案】C
【解析】“起床晚”是一种习惯，故用habit。
6. — He says that my new car is a __________ of money. — Don’t you think those words are just sour grapes? A. lack
B. load
C. question D. waste
B. convenience
C. habit
D. leisure
B. responsible
C. unuaual
D. particular
B. regional
C. apparent
D. subtle
【答案】D
【解析】a waste of money意为“浪费钱”，符合句意。
7. China has got a good __________ for fighting against the flu with its careful and smooth organization. A. reputation 【答案】A
【解析】get a good reputation意为“获得好名声”，符合句意。
8. I’m sure that your letter will get ________ attention. They know you are waiting for the reply. A. continued 【答案】B
【解析】句意：我肯定你的信会很快得到关注。他们知道你在等待回复。immediate意为“立刻，马上”，符合句意。
9. I’m not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he had a __________ imagination. A. clear B. cautious C. funny 【答案】D
【解析】句意：他成了作家，我一点也不惊讶。孩提时他就具有生动的想象力。vivid意为“生动的，逼真的”，符合句意。
10. John is very __________. — if he promises to do something he’ll do it. A. independent 【答案】C
【解析】由if he promises to do something he’ll do it可知，他是一个“可信赖的”人。reliable意为“可信赖的”。
11. Peter has been out of work and it is not __________ that he will be able to find one within a short time. A. easily 【答案】D
【解析】it is likely that ... 为固定句式，意为“……是可能的”。that引导主语从句，it是形式主语。
12. Since Tom __________ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now. A. readily 【答案】C
【解析】由常识可知，下载病毒应该是偶然的。acci dentally意为“偶然地”，符合句意。
B. horribly
C. accidentally
D. irregularly
B. lonely C. nearly
D. likely
B. confident
C. reliable
D. flexible
D. vivid
B. immediate
C. careful
D. general
B. influence
C. impression
D. knowledge
13. It’s hard for him playing against me. I’ve got nothing to play for, but for him, he needs to win so __________. A. far 【答案】D
【解析】句意为：“对他来说跟我比赛很难，输赢对我无所谓，但对他来说，他太需要赢了。”so badly相当于very much。
14. Although the country has had political independence for over a century, __________ it needs the support of its neighbors. A. naturally 【答案】B
【解析】由句意可知，经济上需要得到支持。economically意为“经济上”，符合句意。 15. He began to take political science __________ only when he left school. A. strictly 【答案】D
【解析】take ... seriously意为“认真对待……”。
B. truly
C. carefully
D. seriously
B. economically
C. especially
D. luckily
B. well
C. little
D. badly
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