技术手册 Technical manual 哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司 HARBIN JIUZHOU ELECTRIC CO., LTD. 目 录Content 1 引言Introduction·····································································1 2 主要用途Applicability································································1 2.1浮充使用Floating charge·····························································1 2.2循环使用Cycled Use································································1 3 电池结构Structure of the battery························································1 4 密封原理Sealing Method······························································1 5 技术特点Technical Characteristics······················································2 6 技术规格Technical specifications·······················································3 7 电气性能Electrical Performance························································4 7.1充电特性Charging Characteristics······················································5 7.1.1浮充电特性Floating Charge Characteristics·············································5 7.1.2循环充电特性Cycled Charge Characteristics···········································5 7.1.3均衡充电特性Equalizing Charge Characteristics·········································6 7.2放电特性Discharging Characteristics····················································6 7.2.1恒电流放电特性Constant-Current Discharge Characteristics································6 7.2.2放电容量温度特性Temperature Characteristics of Discharging Capacity······················8 7.2.3冲击放电特性Impact discharge performance············································8 7.2.4容量换算系数与时间关系曲线Relationship between capacity conversion coefficient and time···9 7.2.5容量换算系数比较Comparison of capacity conversion coefficient·····················10 7.2.6恒定终止电压放电特性Constant end point voltage discharge characteristics ················11 7.2.7大电流放电特性Great current discharge feature-1min discharge feature······················11 7.3 容量保持特性Capacitance self-contained feature-self-discharge·····························11 7.4 内阻特性Intrinsic resistance Characteristics·············································12 7.5 寿命特性Life Cycle·······························································12 8 安装指南Installation Guide···························································13 8.1 安装注意事项Attention during installation·············································13 8.2 蓄电池安装Installation of battery·····················································13 8.3 电池柜安装Installation of battery cabinet···············································13 9 验收Acceptance···································································17 9.1 验收标准Acceptance Standard·······················································17 9.2 验收规则Acceptance Specification····················································17 9.3 容量校核Capacity verification·······················································17 10 使用与维护Operation and Maintenance················································18 11 蓄电池常见故障及消除方法Common failure & trouble-shooting····························19 12 技术服务及质量信息反馈Technical service and quality information feedback·················20 1 引言Introduction SUPER FM GFM系列阀控密封铅酸蓄电池是在研究传统的“铅——硫酸——二氧化铅”电化学的基础上，应用气体再化合原理，采用新型材料、新技术设计制造而成。 The SUPER FM GFM series valve-controlled confinement lead-acid battery was made with new material and new technology by using gas recombination principle. It’s based on the study of the traditional “lead-sulfuric acid-lead dioxide” electrochemistry. 哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司融汇国内外数十年的科研成果，形成了自己独特的阀控密封铅酸蓄电池设计技术，产品采用国际IEC、日本JIS和我国电力、邮电等行业标准制造，按国际最先进的ISO9001管理模式建立质量保证体系，并被有效的运行，对产品容量、开路电压、浮充电压均衡性、密封性、安全阀开启压力以及极性等性能100%在线检测，因而具有很高的可靠性和稳定性。该产品多次通过电力部、邮电部和解放军总参部检测，并被列为定点配套入网产品。是国际上九十年代的最新型蓄电池产品。 Harbin Jiuzhou Electric Co Ltd. designs its own peculiar sealed valve-control lead-Acid storage battery by combining the scientific achievements of domestic and international scientific research field for some tens of years complied with international IEC, JIS of Japan and our country’s electric power & post and telecommunications and other industries’ standard. We set up the quality guarantee system using the most advanced internationally recognized ISO9001 management pattern with good performance. On-line detect shall be finished for product capacity, open-circuit voltage, equalization performance, float charge voltage, confinement feature, protection valve’s response pressure, polarity and other performances. The product with a high percentage of reliability and stability has passed for many times test by Ministry of Electric Power, Ministry of Post and Telecommunications and Ministry of PLA General Staff. The battery has been listed as regular locality and complete net-joining product. It is the newest type storage battery in international market of the 90’s. 2 主要用途Main usage 2.1浮充使用（备用电源） Float charge usage (standby power supply). ● 电信、通信设备、程控交换机。 ● Telecommunications, communication apparatus, SPC exchange. ● 应急照明系统。 ● Emergency lighting system. ● 安全防盗、防火报警系统。 ● Safety and prevention of burglary, fire protection alarm system. ● 计算机UPS。 ● Computer UPS. ● 电力开关系统。 ● Electric power switch system. ● 发电厂、变电所直流操作电源及备用电源。 ● Electric power plant, substation directly current operation electric source and standby electric source. ● 发动机起动、船舶设备。 ● Engine startup, ship craft equipment. ● 太阳能系统。 ● Solar system. 2.2循环使用Cycled usage ● 便携式电视机、摄录像机、收录音机。 ● Portable TV, pickup camera, radio and tape recorder. ● 电动工具、割草机、吸尘器。 ● Electric tool, field mower. Vacuum cleaner. ● 照相机、新闻摄影设备。 ● Camera, news photography equipment. ● 便携式个人计算机、语言处理器、终端。 ● Portable personal computer, language processor, terminal. ● 野外测试设备、医疗仪器设备。 ● Outdoor testing equipment, medical instrument equipment. ● 移动电话机、对讲机。 ● Mobile phone, walkie-talkie. ● 矿灯、割胶灯、应急灯、铁路信号灯。 ● Lamp, tapping lamp, emergency light, railway signal light. ● 电动玩具、电动轮椅。 ● Electric toy, electric wheel chair. 3 电池结构Structure of the battery 图1.蓄电池结构(12V系列) Fig.1 structrue of the storage battery (12V series) 图2.蓄电池结构(2V系列) Fig.2 structrue of the storage battery (2V series) 表1 SUPER FM GFM 系列蓄电池构件与功能 Table.1 SUPER FM GFM series storage battery component and its function 部Component 正极板 Positive plate 负极板 Negative plate 件结构材料 Structural material 涂浆式极板,把活性物质涂在特制铅钙合金骨架上。 Paste-smeared plate spread active material on specially made lead-calcium alloy frame. 功能 Function 保持足够的容量 Keep sufficient capacity 维持容量长期使用性用（长寿） Keep capacity that can be used for long. (Longevity) 减低自身放电量。 Reduce self-discharge volume 提高释放气体电极电位。 Increase releasing gas electric pole and electric potential 隔板 Dummy plate 高强度耐热氧化性极佳的优质超细玻璃纤维毡。 High density, heat 防止正、负极板之间短路。 Preventing short circuit between positive and resisting, negative plate. excellent oxidizability, high quality 吸附储备电解液，无流动电解液。 superfine glass fiber mat. Absorption of the reserve electrolyte, no flowing electrolyte. 紧压极板表面，防止活性物质脱落。 Coarctation the surface of the polar plate, preventing the active material from coming off. 电解液 Electrolyte 分析纯硫酸配以高纯水和特定的添加剂。 正负极活性物质间产生电化学反应。 The active material between positive and negative Analytical pure sulfuric acid mixed poles produces chemical reactions. with high pure water and special 导电作用。 additives. 外壳和盖 丙烯腈（A）—丁二（B）—苯乙Propenyl cyanide (A) – bivinyl; butadiene (B)-styrene (S)-interpolymer synthetic resin. 安全阀 Emergency valve 用无双键、耐酸性极好、品质稳定而耐用的合成橡胶制成。 采用帽形或柱形。 内装陶瓷过滤器。 Made with artificial rubber with no double bond, excellent acid proof, the quality is stable and endurable in use. Adopting cap-like or column. Installed interior ceramics filter. 端子 Terminal 用铅合金制成，与接线柱一起整体模制。 非焊接及截面积大的接线端子提高放电倍率和可靠性。容易连接。 Shell and cover 烯（S）共聚物合成树脂。 Conduction of electricity 容纳由正负极板和隔板组成的极群。保持足够的机械强度，可抵受蓄电池内的压力。 Holding pole clusters consisting of positive plate, negative plate and dummy plate, keep in enough mechanical strength to withstand pressure from inside the storage battery. 如果蓄电池内气压高于正常值时，便放出气体，使内压正常化。 防止氧进入和酸雾放出。 If the atmospheric pressure within the storage battery is above the normal value, gas will be sent out, and the pressure from inside will become normal. Preventing oxygen from coming inside and acid mist going outside. Made with aluminum alloy, it is Binding post of the weldless connection and large molded completely with the sectional area can increase the discharge binding post. 极柱密封 Pole confinement 封口剂的颜色：正极为红色，负极为蓝色。特种密封胶，专用密magnification and improve reliability. It can be easily connected with the battery’s contact pin. 内外多层密封，防止爬酸渗液。 Multiple layers of sealing from both inside and 封圈。 outside. Acid liquid cannot be leaked out. The color of the sealing off agent; red for the positive pole, blue for the negative pole. Special sealing glue, special sealing ring. 4 密封原理Sealing Method 铅酸蓄电池的充放电的电化学反应过程如图3，反应方程式如下： The electrochemical reaction process of the lead-acid storage battery, see Fig.3, the reaction equation as follows: 放电discharge PbO+ 2HSO+ Pb PbSO+ 2HO + PbSO·······(1) 充电charge 正极 电解液 负极 正极 水 负极 Positive pole electrolyte negative pole positive pole water negative pole 充电后期在正极板产生氧气，在负极板产生氢气 In the later stage of the charging, the positive plate produces oxygen, the negative plate produces hydrogen. 正极Positive pole：HO→1/2O+2H+2e……（2） 负极Negative pole：2H+2e→H……（3） 铅酸蓄电池实现密封免维护的难点就是充电后期水的电解，SUPER FM GFM系列电池采取了以下几项重要措施，从而实现了密封性能。 For sealing & maintenance free of the lead-acid storage battery, the difficulty lies in the effect of the electrolysis of the water during the later period of charging. SPUER FM GFM SERIES Storage Battery adopted the following important measures and the sealing nature can be realized afterwards. ● 采用铅钙合金板栅，提高了释放氢气电位，抑制了氢气的产生，从而减少了气体释放量，同时使自放电率降低。 ● Using lead-calcium alloy slab grid to increase electric potential and preventing the production of the hydrogen so that releasing volume of the gas was reduced, meantime the self-discharge ratio was also reduced. ● SUPER FM GFM系列蓄电池利用了负极活性物质海绵状铅的特性，这种物质在潮湿条件下活性很高，能与氧快速反应，阴极吸收氧气，抑制了水的减少而无需要补充水。 ● SUPER FM GFM Series Storage Battery uses the features of sponge-like lead in the negative pole active material. This material has high activity under damp condition and can be quickly reacted with oxygen. The negative pole absorbs the oxygen, the reduction of water can be prevented and there is no need for adding water. ● 在充电最终阶段或在过量充电情况下，充电能量消耗在分解电解液的水份，因而正极板产生氧气，此氧气与负极板的海绵状铅以及硫酸起反应，使氧气再化合为水。同时一部分负极板变成放电状态，因此也抑制了负极板氢气产生。与氧气反应变成放电状态的负极物质经过充电又恢复到原来的海绵状铅。 ● In the final period of the charging or under the condition of over charging, the charging capacity was consumed by the water in the decomposition of the electrolyte, and the positive plate produces oxygen, the oxygen reacts with the sponge-like lead and the sulfuric acid in the negative plate and make the oxygen recombined into water. Meantime a part of the negative plate turns into discharging status; this prevents the production of hydrogen in the negative plate. The negative pole material that reacted with oxygen and became the discharging status restores into the original sponge-like lead after charging. ● 为了让正极释放的氧气尽快流通到负极，采用了新型超细玻璃纤维隔板，其孔率可达90%以上，贫液紧装配设计使氧气易于流通到负极再化合为水。 ● In order to let the oxygen that released from the positive pole flows quickly to the negative pole, new type superfine fiberglass dummy plate was applied; the aperture ratio can reach to 90% and up. The design of lean solution can make the oxygen flow easily to negative pole and recombine into water. 充电的最终阶段或过量充电情况下所进行的化学反应如图4，反应方程式如下： The chemical reaction in the final period of the charging or under the condition of over charging, see Fig.4, the reaction equation as follows: 正极的反应Reaction of the positive pole：2HO→O+4H+4e……（4） 负极的反应Reaction of the negative pole：2Pb+O2→2PbO（吸收氧气）……（5） 2PbO+2HSO→2PbSO+2HO……（6） 2PbSO+4H+4e→2Pb+2H2SO(PbSO还原)……（7） 负极总反应Overall reaction of the negative pole：O+4H+4e→2HO……（8） 综上所述：从正极板产生的氧气硫电时很快与负极板的活性物质起反应并恢复成水，由于损失极少，故此使蓄电池成为密封式电池。 In a word, the oxygen produced from the positive plate will react quickly with the active material in the negative plate and restored into water, because the loss is very little, the storage battery becomes sealing type battery. 当充电电流超过一定值或充电温度低于特定的温度，正极产生的气体可能不会被负极全部吸收，这种情况下，内部压力就要升高，在特定的压力下（10-49KPa）安全阀就要开启。 When charging current exceeds a certain value or charging temperature is below a special setting value, the gas produced from the positive pole cannot be completely absorbed by negative pole, under this circumstance, the pressure from inside is sure to rise, under special pressure (10-49KPA), the emergency valve will crack. 一定要注意：当安全阀开启时，电解液就要消耗，就会引起电池性能的降低，为了防止这一情况，充电时一定要遵照本技术手册规定的充电要求进行操作。 Attention: When the emergency valve cracks, it is certain the electrolyte will be consumed, and the performance of the battery shall be reduced accordingly; In order to prevent this please follow the instructions stipulated in this technical manual when charging. 图3：充电开始到最后阶段前的反应 图4：充电最后阶段之后的反应 5 技术特点Technical Characteristics ● 免维护操作Free of Maintenance 在整个寿命期间无需加酸加水和检查电解液密度，对内部无需维护。 During the whole life expectancy, there is no need to add any acid and water and check the density of the electrolyte. There is no need for interior maintenance. ● 密封无泄漏Sealing without leakage 采用特殊AB密封胶粘接壳体，端子极柱采用多层密封防渗漏技术，无爬酸漏液现象。 Using special AB seal gum cemented hard surface, terminal pole used the technology of multiple layers sealing leakage proof. There is no phenomenon of weeping acid and leaking liquid. ● 极低的自放电Extremely low self-discharging 采用电化学方法制作的特殊铅钙合金制造板栅和高纯材料制造电池，自放电很低，在20℃环境温度下，自放电每天低于额定容量0.1%（每月小于3%） The self-discharging is extremely low by using electrochemical method in making special lead calcium alloy slab grid and using high, pure material in making battery. Under environmental temperature of 20℃ the self-discharging is below the nominal capacity 0.1% every day (Every month it is less than 3%). ● 安全防爆Safety and explosion protection 设有防火安全阀，当内部产生气体过多时自动放气，然后关闭。同时防止腐蚀性气体放出和外部火花向内部引爆。 Fire protection emergency valve is equipped. It will automatically release the gas when too much gas produced inside and then shut off. Meantime it can prevent corrosive gas from coming out and prevent outside electric spark from coming inside and making explosion. ● 长寿命设计Long life cycle design ● 使用耐蚀性优良的特殊铅钙合金制成的重型板栅、高强度隔板和紧装配防脱粉工艺，具有10年以上的浮充寿命。 ● Using heavy type slab grid with good quality and corrosion resistant made of special lead calcium alloy; high-strength dummy plate and tight assemblage powder disengage free technology; it has more than 10 years’ floating charging life expectancy. ● 高倍率放电性能好High magnification discharging performance 采用独特低内阻设计制造工艺，具有良好的大电流放电性能。 Using special low intrinsic resistance design and manufacturing technology. It has excellent high-current discharging nature. ● 便于安装Easy installation 采用高效能气体再化合设计，无腐蚀性气体放出，无流动电解液，可以任意角度（倒立除外）柜式或架式安装，实现机（器）—电池同室安装使用。 Using high performance gas recombination design, no release of corrosive gas, no flowing electrolyte, can be installed at any angles (with exception of turning upside down) including cabinet type or frame type, the machine and the battery can be installed and used together in the same room. 6 技术规格Technical Parameters 表2 SUPER FM GFM 系列密封铅酸蓄电池规格型号 Tab.2 Specifications for SUPER FM GFM series sealed Lead-acid Battery 外 型 尺 寸Dimensions 10H率容量 额定电压 宽10H Rate 型号 长 高 总高 Rated voltage Width Height Model capacitance Length Total height (v) (W) (AH) (L) (H) (TH) 6-FM-3.5 6-FM-6.5 6-FM-10 6-FM-12 6-FM-15 6-FM-24 6-FM-38 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 3.5 6.5 10 12 15 24 38 114 151 151 160 181 165 197 65 65 97 76 76 175 165 65 94 95 158 167 128 145 74 101 104 167 176 134 145 约重 Weight (kg) 2.00 2.60 4.5 5.2 6.0 8.7 13.0 6-FM-50 6-FM-65 6-FM-80 6-FM-100 GFM-100 GFM-150 GFM-200 GFM-250 GFM-300 GFM-400 GFM-500 GFM-600 GFM-800 GFM-1000 GFM-1200 GFM-1500 GFM-2000 GFM-3000 12 12 12 12 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 50 65 80 100 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1500 2000 3000 325-352 325-352 380-410 380-410 64 110 110 157 157 212 244 300 411 479 400 400 490 710 168 168 170 170 170 175 175 175 175 178 175 175 175 175 350 350 350 353 179 179 222 222 325 330 330 330 330 330 330 325 332 332 344 344 340 340 179 179 240 240 350 350 340 340 340 340 341 346 342 342 355 355 350 350 17.0 22.0 29.0 36.0 8.5 10.0 15.0 18.0 22.0 29.0 34.0 42.5 57.0 68.0 85.0 104.0 140.0 220.0 7电气性能Electrical Performance 7.1 充电特性Charging Characteristic 无论用户使用状态如何，SUPER FM GFM系列蓄电池要求采用限流—恒电压方式充电，即充电初期控制电流（小于0.2C）一般采用恒流（0.1C）中、后期控制电压的充电方法。充电参数见表3： Current limit-voltage constant mode charging must be used for SUPER FM GFM series battery, that is: current constant (0.1C) is carried out in the initial charging stage for control current (less than 0.2C) and in the middle and final stage, voltage constant charging manner shall be used. Charging parameters shown as Table 3 充电方法 Charging mode 参数 Parameters 表3 充电基本参数（25℃）Tab. 3 charging parameters (25℃) 恒流充电电流 恒压充电电压 Constant charging current Constant charging voltage (A) （V） 标准电流范围 Standard current range 0.08-0.10C 0.08-0.10C 最大允许范围 Allowable maximum range <0.2C <0.2C 允许范围 Allowable range 2.23-2.25 2.35-2.45 设置点 Setting point 2.24 2.40 使用方法 ApplicationMode 浮充使用 Float charge 循环使用 Cycle 注：如100AH电池，则恒流充电电流I=(0.08-0.1)*100=8-10A *注意：蓄电池一般应在5-35℃范围内进行充 电，低于5℃高于35℃都会降低寿命。充电的设定电压应在指定范围内，如超出指定范围将造成蓄电池损坏，容量降低及寿命缩短。 Note: Storage battery should be charged in the temperature range from 5 to 35℃. Once the temperature is lower than 5℃ or higher than 35℃, the life cycle of the battery will be reduced. The preset voltage value for charging use should be in prescribed range. Beyond the range the storage battery will be damaged. 7.1.1浮充电特性Floating Charge Characteristics 25℃时2V蓄电池浮充电压采用2.24V，12V蓄电池浮充电压为13.5V。浮充饱和时浮充电流一般每AH为1-2mA，其充电特性见图5。 Float charge voltage shall be 2.24V for 2V battery at 25℃ and for 12V battery to be 13.5V. While float charge saturation state reaches, float charge current shall be generally 2-4mA for each AH, whose charging feature shown as Fig.5. 浮充电压应根据温度变化进行调整，其校正系数K为-3mV/℃即 Float charge voltage must be regulated in accordance with variation of temperature, herein ,calibrating coefficient K is -3mv/℃ Vt=V+K(t-25) 具体选择可按图6进行。 Specific selection shall be made as Fig.6. 充电量charging volume 充电电流charging current 充电电压charging voltage 图5 充电特性曲线 Fig.5 Charging Characteristic Curve 7.1.2循环充电特性Cycled charging characteristics 25℃时循环使用2V蓄电池充电电2.40V ，12V蓄电池充电电压为14.4V。电特性同图5。 Charging voltage shall be 2.40V at 25℃ cycled use 2V battery and for 12V battery should be 14.4V. Its charging 南 Guide characteristic is the same as Fig.5. 图6 浮充电压选择指Fig.6 Float Charge Voltage Selection for 压为其充7.1.3均衡充电特性Equalizing charge characteristic SUPER FM GFM 系列蓄电池正常浮充使用时不需要进行均衡充电，当出现整组电池浮充电压偏差大于0.1V或个别单体电压过低（<2.18）以及严重过放等情况，需提高浮充的恒压电压给电池均衡充电。其充电特性同图5，只是其充电电压为2.30V-2.40V，一般采用2.35V(12V电池为14.1V)。 There is no need of equalizing charge when SUPER FM GFM series battery is in a normal application of float charge. While following cases happened such as float charge voltage bias greater than 0.1V for the whole set of battery and/or individual single battery voltage lower than 2.18V and /or serious over discharge, equalizing charge to the battery in order to raise float charge constant voltage herein, charging voltage shall be within the range of 2.30-2.40V and generally 2.35V is selected (14.1V for 12V battery) which charging feature is same as the Fig.5. 7.2放电特性Discharge Characteristic 7.2.1恒流放电特性Constant Current Discharge Characteristics 蓄电池放出容量与放电电流有关，放电电流越大，放出容量越小，其不同倍率放电特性曲线如图7，基本放电参数见表4。 Battery discharge capacitance is related to its discharge current. The greater the discharge current is, the smaller the discharge volume will be. The discharge characteristics for different magnification are shown as Fig.7 and the basic discharge parameter as Table 4 图7 不同放电率放电特性曲线 Fig.7 Discharge characteristic curve at different discharge velocity 电压voltage 时间time SUPER FM GFM小型密封电池最大放电电流为15倍率，固定密封电池最大放电电流为6倍率，最为有效的放电电流范围是0.05CA-1.0CA。 蓄电池过放会缩短使用寿命，应尽量避免。放电时端电压不能低于终止电压，否则会发生过放电现象。 Maximum discharge current magnification for miniature sealed battery shall be 15 and for fixed type sealed battery should be 6; the most effective discharge current range is from 0.05CA to 2.0CA. Overdischarging battery will reduce its life cycle. While the battery being discharged, terminal voltage should be not lower than end point voltage to prevent overdischarge. 表4 SUPER FM GFM 12V、2V密封蓄电池的放电基本参数与电气性能 Tab.4 Discharge Parameters and Electrical Performance for 2V &12V Sealed Battery. 各种倍率放电 Various magnification discharge 蓄电池型号 Battery type 10小时率 10-hour rate （1.80V） A 6-FM-3.5 6-FM-6.5 6-FM-10 6-FM-12 6-FM-15 6-FM-24 6-FM-38 6-FM-50 6-FM-65 6-FM-80 6-FM-100 各小时率放电 Various hour-rate discharge 10小时率 10h rate 终压 End point voltage 1.8V A AH 5小时率 5h rate 终压 End point voltage 1.8V A AH 3小时率 3h rate 终压 End point voltage 1.8V A AH 1小时率 1h rate 终压 End point voltage 1.75V A AH 0.35 0.65 1.0 1.2 1.5 2.4 3.8 5.0 6.5 8.0 10 AH 3.5 6.5 10 12 15 24 38 50 65 80 100 0.5倍率 0.5- magnification （1.60V） A 1.75 3.25 5.0 6.0 7.5 12 19 25 32.5 40.0 50.0 Min 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 1倍率 1-magnification （1.60V） A 3.5 6.5 10 12 15 24 38 50 65 80 100 Min 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 6倍率 6-magnification （1.30V） A 10.5 19.5 30 36 45 72 114 150 195 240 300 Min 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 蓄电池 型号 Battery Type GFM-100 GFM-150 GFM-200 GFM-300 GFM-400 GFM-500 GFM-600 GFM-800 GFM-1000 GFM-1200 GFM-1500 GFM-2000 GFM-3000 10 15 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 120 150 200 300 100 150 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1500 2000 3000 18 27 36 54 72 90 108 144 180 216 270 360 540 90 135 180 270 360 450 540 720 900 1080 1350 1800 2700 25 37.5 50 75 100 125 150 200 250 300 375 500 750 81 120 162 243 324 360 486 648 810 972 1215 1620 2430 55 82.5 110 165 220 275 330 440 550 660 825 1100 1650 60 90 120 180 240 300 360 480 600 720 900 1200 1800 7.2.2放电容量的温度特性Temperature characteristics of discharge capacity 蓄电池放电容量与环境温度有关如图8。温度低，容量低；温度过高，虽然容量增大，但严重损害寿命，最佳工作温度为15-25℃。一定温度下放出容量与25℃所放出的容量关系为： Ct=C(1+K(t-25)) 式中：K-温度系数，10小时率放电时K=0.008，1/℃；1小时率放电时K=0.01,1/℃。 Battery discharge capacitance is related to environment temperature shown as Fig.8. If the temperature is lower then the capacity will be smaller ; when the temperature is higher, although the capacity increases, service life cycle shall be damaged seriously .Optimum working temperature shall be within the range of 15-25℃. Equation of discharge capacitance at between 25℃ and at specific temperature shall be Ct=C25(1+K(t-25)) , herein , K is a temperature coefficient . K=0.006 , 1/℃ for 10h rate discharge. K=0.008 ,1/℃ for 3h rate discharge. K=0.01 , 1/℃ for 1h rate discharge. 图8温度对电池容量的影响 Fig.8 The influence of temperature on battery capacity 蓄电池放出容量capacity released by storage battery 7.2.3冲击放电特性Impact Discharge Performance 蓄电池以恒定电流放电0.5小时、1小时和2小时后叠加冲击电流I放电5S电池电压（Uch）与冲击系数Kch(Kch=I/C10)关系如图9、图10、图11。 The relationship of battery voltage (Uch) and impact coefficient (Kch) is shown as Fig.9, 10,11 after constant current discharging for 0.5h & 1h and superposed impact current I while discharging for 5S. 1-持续放电1-0.1C 4-持续放电1-0.35C 1-持续放电1-0.1C 5-持续放电1-0.40C 2-持续放电1-0.2C 5-持续放电1-0.40C 2-持续放电1-0.2C 6-持续放电1-0.45C 3-持续放电1-0.3C 6-持续放电1-0.45C 3-持续放电1-0.3C 7-持续放电1-0.55C 4-持续放电1-0.35C 图9 放电1h后冲击放电曲线Fig.9 Impact discharge curve after 1h discharging 1.Continuous discharge 1-0.1 C10 2.Continuous discharge 1-0.2 C10 3.Continuous discharge 1-0.3 C10 4.Continuous discharge 1-0.35 C10 5.Continuous discharge 1-0.4 C10 6.Continuous discharge 1-0.45 C10 图10 放电0.5h后冲击放电曲线Fig.10 Impact discharge curve after 0.5h discharging 1.Continuous discharge 1-0.1 C10 2.Continuous discharge 1-0.2 C10 3.Continuous discharge 1-0.3 C10 4.Continuous discharge 1-0.35 C10 5.Continuous discharge 1-0.4 C10 6.Continuous discharge 1-0.45 C10 7.Continuous discharge 1-0.45 C10 1-持续放电1-0.1C 2-持续放电1-0.2C 3-持续放电1-0.25C 4-持续放电1-0.30C 1.Continuous discharge 1-0.1 C10 2.Continuous discharge 1-0.2 C10 3.Continuous discharge 1-0.25 C10 4.Continuous discharge 1-0.30 C10 图11 放电2h后冲击放电曲线 Fig.11 Impact discharge curve after 2h discharging 7.2.4GFM型阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池容量换算系数与时间的关系曲线Relationship between capacity coefficient and time (GFM valve-control sealed lead acid storage) 图12 GFM型阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池容量换算系数与时间关系的曲线 Fig.12 Relationship between capacity coefficient and time (GFM valve-control sealed lead acid storage) 7.2.5容量换算系数比较 Comparison of capacity conversion coefficient 容量换算系数是反映蓄电池放电性能的主要参数之一，是蓄电池容量的计算依据。 Capacity conversion coefficient is one of the main parameters which reflect the discharge performance of storage battery, and the base for counting battery’s capacity. 表5 GFM型蓄电池在各放电率及不同终止电压下的容量换算系数表 Table 5 Capacity conversion coefficients of GFM storage battery at different discharge rates and with different end voltages T Uz Kch 5S (min) 1.52 1.42 1.34 1.20 1.11 0.94 1 (min) 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.18 1.08 29 (min) 30 (min) 5 (min) 60 (min) 90 (min) 120 (min) 340 (min) 360 (min) 480 (min) 600 (min) 0.107 0.106 0.103 0.096 0.089 1.75 1.80 1.83 1.87 1.90 1.94 0.970 0.950 0.616 0.610 0.466 0.385 0.230 0.167 0.129 0.900 0.880 0.588 0.580 0.446 0.365 0.222 0.163 0.128 0.826 0.804 0.566 0.560 0.427 0.355 0.215 0.158 0.126 0.680 0.668 0.491 0.485 0.380 0.315 0.200 0.146 0.116 0.760 0.740 0.530 0.525 0.402 0.337 0.207 0.153 0.121 0.0995 0.904 0.594 0.580 0.441 0.435 0.350 0.295 0.185 0.138 0.109 注：T-放电时间 Uz-放电终止电压 Kch-容量换算系数（Kch=I/C） Note: T-time of discharge Uz-end voltage of discharge Kch-capacity conversion coefficient（Kch=I/C） 7.2.6恒定终止电压放电特性 Constant end point voltage discharge characteristics 蓄电池在确定的终止电压后以不同小时率电流放电，其容量系数Kcc（Kcc为不同放电率容量与10小时率容量的百分比）与放电时间关系如图13。 The storage battery discharge with current of different hour rate after the end voltage is set, and the relationship between the capacity coefficient Kcc (Kcc means the percent of the capacity at different discharge rate to that at 10-hour rate) and discharge time is shown in Fig.13. 6-终止电压1.75V End voltage=1.75V 5-终止电压1.80V End voltage=1.80V 4-终止电压1.83V End voltage=1.83V 3-终止电压1.87V End voltage=1.87V 2-终止电压1.90V End voltage=1.90V 1-终止电压1.94V End voltage=1.94V 图13容量系数与放电时间关系曲线（25℃） 7.2.7大电流放电特性-1分钟放电特性 Great Current Discharge Feature—1min Discharge Feature 蓄电池以不同电流放电1分钟时电池电压与冲击系数Kch关系如图14。 Battery voltage has relation with impact coefficient kch shown as Fig.14 when the battery has discharged for 1min. with different current. 图14Imin冲击放电特性曲线（25℃）Fig.14min impact discharge characteristics(25℃) 7.3容量保持特性-自放电Capacitance self-contained Feature-self-discharge 蓄电池在长期存贮中容量逐渐损失，容量的损失速度与温度有关如图15。 Battery capacitance shall gradually decrease during long-period storage, decreasing rate of capacitance is related to the temperature shown as Fig.15 图15 容量保持性和贮存性指南 容量保持率可以通过电池开路端电压简单地来般充足电的新电池开路端电压在2.15-2.18V，电池开压与剩余的容量关系如图16。 Capacitance contained rate can be judged by open-circuit terminal voltage in general, the open terminal voltage of a new battery with sufficient charge within the range of 2.15-2.18v. The terminal voltage is to remained capacitance shown as Fig.16 图 16 开路电压与剩余容量关系 Fig. 16 Relationship between open circuit and remained capacitance circuit shall be related 判断，一路端电7.4内阻特性Intrinsic Resistance Performance 蓄电池内阻与容量规格、荷电状态有关，充足电时内阻最小。表6给出了SUPER FM GFM蓄电池内阻供用户参考。因为电池内阻很小，测量时应很好地消除接触电阻，否则测量结果偏大。 Battery intrinsic resistance is related with capacitance specification and charging state. The intrinsic resistance is the smallest in the state of charging to saturation and the largest for the state of finishing discharge refer to table 5. 表6 GFM蓄电池内阻Tab.6 Intrinsic resistance of GFM battery 容量规格 Capacity (AH) 内阻 Intrinsic resistance (mΩ) 200 300 400 500 600 800 1000 1200 1500 2000 3000 0.5 0.4 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.12 0.09 0.08 0.07 7.5寿命特性Life Cycle feature 蓄电池的寿命与放电次数、工作温度、放电深度、浮充电压以及充放电电流等有着直接的关系。 Battery’s lifetime has direct relations to discharging times, working temperature, discharging degree, float voltage and charging & discharging current and so on. ●放电深度Discharging degree 反复地大量放出蓄电池电量（深放电）将缩短电池寿命，寿命与放电深度和循环次数关系如图17。 Discharging repeatedly and largely discharging deeply shall shorten the battery’s service lifetime which has relation to discharging degree and cycle times shown as Fig.17. 图17 循环寿命与放电深度的关系 Fig.17 Relationship between cycle lifetime and discharge degree ●温度的影响Temperature 温度升高将加速电池组份的分解。在恒压充电时，高的室温环境，充电电流将增大，导致充电过量，这样就缩短电池寿命。 在低温充电时，将产生氢气，使内压增高，电解液减少，电池寿命缩短。最佳使用温度为15-25℃。浮充寿命与温度关系如图18。 Increasing temperature shall accelerate decomposition of battery component. High indoor environment temperature shall cause charging current increasing up to overcharge that shall bring a result of shortening lifetime during constant voltage charging. Hydrogen shall be produced, which shall raise inner pressure and reduce electrolyte to lower the battery’s service lifetime while charging at lower temperature. Optimum working temperature shall be from 15℃to 25℃.Float charge lifetime has relation with temperature as Fig.18. 100图
18 浮充寿命的温度特性 ●浮充电压、电流Float Charge Voltage & Current 浮充使用时必须保持浮充电压的稳定，这就要求必须选择性能优良的充电设备。若充电机不能保持电压、电流的稳定，就会造成电池过充、欠充等现象，10502068308640104501026014070°C158°Clife time(year)1010.1大大缩短电池的使用寿命。为了使蓄电池达到最佳的使用寿命，配套充电机必须达到以下要求： temperatureTo keep a stable float charge voltage, charging equipment with good performance shall be selected. Unstable voltage/current shall lead to overcharge or undercharge that can shorten the battery’s life. Mating Charger must be comply with following requirements to ensure the battery’s long service lifetime: 100① 稳压精度≤1% time(year)10Stabilized voltage accuracy≤1% ② 稳流精度≤2% Stabilized voltage accuracy≤2% ③ 波纹系数≤2% Ripple factor≤2% ④ 过流、过压、欠压自动报警。 Auto-alarm for overcurrent / overvoltage / undervoltage. ⑤ 最好具有恒流-恒压和均衡充电-浮充电自动转换功能。 Auto-switch function including constant current & constant voltage and equalizing charge & float charge is the best choice. ⑥ 最好具有温度补偿功能，可根据环境温度变化调整电压，保证电池达到最佳充电状态。 Temperature compensation that can regulate voltage according to temperature variation to ensure the battery in a optimum charging state shall be provided. 8安装指南Installation Guide 8.1安装注意事项Point for attention during installation ● 使用前应仔细阅读本技术手册，以保证正确施工。安装前应逐只检查电池有无损坏，电压是否正常。 ● Reading is technical handbook prior to operation to ensure constructing correctly. Batteries shall be checked one by one to prevent from abnormal voltage prior to installation. ● 由于电池串联后电压较高，存在着电击的危险，因此装卸导电连接片时应使用绝缘工具。 ● Insulation tools should be used when installing & removing conductive connection slices due to higher serial voltage to protect from electric hit. ● 本电池带电出厂，电池在运输、安装过程中必须特别小心，防止短路。 ● During transportation & installation, battery’s short-circuit must be paid attention to because the battery delivered is electric. ● 本电池为密封免维护结构，在正常情况下，不存在硫酸对皮肤和眼睛腐蚀的危险。万一硫酸溅进眼里，应立即用大量水冲洗并去医院治疗。 ● The battery with sealed free maintenance construction hasn’t changer of etching skin and eyes in normal case. Once sulphuric acid splashed in one’s eye’s rinsing with a plenty of water must be done and go to hospital. ● 清洗外表面可用肥皂水、湿布、不应用干布、掸子进行清洁。否则因产生的静电可导致爆炸，也不能使用有机溶剂。 ● Exterior surface shall be washed with soap water and wet cloth .Dry cloth and duster shouldn’t be used, which can produce static to cause explosion, organic solvent shouldn’t be used either. 8.2蓄电池的安装Installation of storage battery ● 蓄电池可任何方向安装使用（倒置除外），安装时严格按串并联线路进行连接，决不能连错或反极。 ● Battery may be installed in any direction (with the exception of turning upside down ) connection must be according to serial/parallel circuit. It is not allowable for incorrect and reverse pole connection. ● 蓄电池端子连接排等所有接触面应用砂纸或铁刷清除氧化膜和污物，减少接触电阻，避免发热。安装前应把端子涂一层凡士林油，在安完端子连接件和导通电池系统前，检查电池系统的总电压和正负极，以保证安装正确。 ● Oxides and dirty on battery’s terminals contact surface should be removed with sandpaper or iron brush to reduce contacting resistance and prevent from producing heat. A layer of vaselinum oil must be coated prior to installation. Check the system’s general voltage and positive & negative pole before power is on to ensure right installation. ● 连接电缆应尽可能缩短，不能只考虑容量输出来选择电缆的大小规格，电缆的选择应考虑不能产生过多电压降。 ● Shorten connecting cables if it is possible. Voltage drop produced should be taken consideration into selection of cables and for the cable’ specification, output capacitance shall not be as a unique factor. ● 为了达到要求的电池容量，电池组可以进行并联，并联连接的导线应尽可能短，力求电压降小。 ● Battery may be shunted to reach its capacitance required. To reduce voltage drop, shunted connecting wire shall be most probably short. ● 不能把不同容量、不同性能或新旧不同的蓄电池连接在一起使用。 ● Batteries with different capacitance and /or performances and /or new & old degree shouldn’t be taken into service together. ● 蓄电池应避免安装在密闭的设备内，蓄电池应有良好的通风环境。不要安装在变压器等发热物体附近。 ● Battery should avoid installing inside on enclosed device. Good air ventilation is required. Don’t mount it nearby heat generating objectives e.g. transformer etc. ● 蓄电池连接的扭矩值为11.3牛顿/米。 ● Torque value for connecting battery shall be 11.3 N/M. ● 蓄电池与充电器在或负载连接前，电路开关应置于“断开”位置。同时蓄电池的正极与充电器或负载的正级相连接，蓄电池的负极与充电器或负载的负极相连接。 ● Circuit switch shall be in position of “off” and the battery’s positive/negative pole shall be in that of corresponding connection of charger’s (load’s) positive/negative pole. 8.3电池柜的安装Installation of Battery Cabinet 为满足广大用户的要求，解决蓄电池占地面积大，不美观的问题，我们设计了高层次结构的电池组柜，节省占地面积，方便检修，可直接放置在机房中使用，如图19和表7。 我公司还可以根据用户应用场地的具体要求，特殊设计制造电池柜。请写清：电池的总电压、电池规格、电池柜要求颜色（国际号）、长×宽×高尺寸、基础承载情况等。 High arrangement construction shall be adopted for battery panel in order to save area and facilitate to maintain, we can specially design and manufacture the battery panel in accordance with user’s requirements. Please write distinctly about battery’s general voltage & specification & color (international code ) & dimensions (L×W×H) & foundation support cases.(Installation of Battery cabinet style see Table 6 and Fig.17,Fig.18, Fig.19, Fig.20, Fig. 21, Fig. 22, Fig. 22). 图19蓄电池连接示意图 Fig.19 Connection Diagram for various batteries 表7各种规格蓄电池组柜尺寸、数量和重量 Tab.7 Dimensions, Quantity and Weight of Various Battery Panel 蓄电池组 额定容量 蓄电池 联接 电池 系统电压 型号 数量 铜排数 柜数 System Rated capacitance Number of Number of Number 单柜外型尺寸 Dimensions 系统 重量 Systevoltage and type batteries connection copper plates 根 3 23 23 43 43 43 83 83 107 107 107 200 200 200 600 600 of battery 长 panels Length 个 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 4 6 6 N mm 600 650 650 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 800 1150 1150 宽 Width mm 550 550 550 550 550 550 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 600 高 Height mm 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 1700 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200 m weight Kg 150 390 660 800 960 1200 1400 1800 700 1700 2800 3500 4000 4300 6500 7800 V AH 6-FM-100 GFM-200 GFM-300 GFM-400 只 4 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 48 GFM-500 GFM-600 GFM-800 GFM-1000 GMF-100 GMF-200 GMF-300 GMF-400 220 GMF-500 GMF-600 GMF-800 GMF-1000 双层双列立式电池组GFM400Ah-48V 双层双列立式电池组GFM1000Ah-48V Double-desk double-row vertical battery group GFM400Ah-48V Double-desk double-row vertical battery group GFM1000Ah-48V 单层双列立式电池组GFM100Ah-48V Single-desk double-row vertical battery group GFM100Ah-48V 双层双列立式电池组GFM400Ah-220V Double-desk double-row vertical battery group GFM400Ah-220V 通讯电池柜200Ah-48V Communication Battery Cabinet 200Ah-48V; 通讯电池柜300Ah-48V Communication Battery Cabinet 300Ah-48V 9验收Acceptance 9.1验收标准Acceptance Standard SUPER FM GFM系列蓄电池采用标准为： JIS C8707-1992阴极吸收式密封固定型铅酸蓄电池 IEC 896-2（1995-11）固定型铅酸蓄电池的一般要求和测试方法 第二部分阀控式 JB/T8451-96固定型阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池 YD/T799-1996通信用阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池技术要求和检验方法 DL/T637-1997阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池订货技术条件 Q/HJZ002-1998阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池企业标准 Standard complied with for SUPER FM GFM series battery as follows: JISC8707-1992 Cathode-absorbing Sealed Fixed Lead-acid Battery. IEC896-2 (1995-11) General Requirements and Test Procedures of Fixed Lead-acid Battery, PartⅡValve-controlled. JB/T8451-96 Fixed Confinement Valve-controlled Lead-acid Battery. YD/T799-1996 Confinement Valve-controlled Lead-acid Battery’s Technical Requirements and Test Procedures for Communication DL/T637-1997 Valve-controlled Lead-acid Battery’s Technical Specification for Ordering. Q/HJ 2002-1998 Valve-controlled Lead-acid Battery’s Enterprise Standard. 9.2验收规则Acceptance Rule 对SUPER FM GFM系列蓄电池验收可以按以下标准的出厂检验规则验收： Factory test rule as follows: 1. 外观整洁，无物理损坏现象，极性正确。 Neat looking, no physical damage, correct polarity. 2. 开路电压差小于30mV。 Open-circuit voltage differential<30mV. 3. 浮充电压差小于±50mV。 Float charge voltage differential<±50mV 4. 无漏液、发热现象。 No liquid-leakage and heat-generating phenomenon. 5. 安全阀开启压力应在10-49KPa. Cracking pressure for safety valve:10-49Kpa 6. 初次10小时率放电容量应大于额定容量95%。 10h rate discharging capacitance for the first time shall be rated capacitance of 95%. 9.3 容量校核Capacity verification SUPER FM GFM 蓄电池出厂产品已进行了10小时率容量放电校核是完全合格的产品，用户可不必再进行容量校核。如果用户有特殊要求进行容量校核应按以下要求操作： SUPER FM GFM factory products having been verified 10h rate capacitance are qualified. Subsequent operations may be done in accordance with user’s specific requirement for capacitance verification. 容量校核分三步进行：The verification shall be divided into three steps. 第一步：逐只测量蓄电池开路端电压，如果开路端电压>2.13V则可按7.1.2循环充方式进行充电，当电流降至0.005-0.01C10A保持3-5小时基本不变时再充3-5小时，电池充电基本饱和。如果开路端电压≤2.13V，应先放出20%容量然后再进行循环充电至饱和。 第二步：以0.1C10电流放电至1.80V，每隔1小时记录一次放电电流、温度和电压，并计算出放电容量，容量大于95%额定容量为合格即放电超过9.5小时。（如室温不是25℃应按7.2.2进行换算然后再进行比较）。 第三步：将放完电的电池组进行元首锲充电至饱和后转浮充运行。测量浮充电压，观察其均衡性。 First step: Measure battery’s open-circuit terminal voltage one by one. If the terminal voltage is greater than 2.13V, charge in a cycle mode shall be performed. Replenish for 3-5 hour. If the terminal voltage is equal to or less than 2.13V, 20 percent of capacitance shall be discharged then charge in a cycle up to full. Second step: Discharge to 1.8V as 0.1C10 current. Log discharge current & temperature & voltage every second hour and calculate the discharge capacitance. The capacitance greater than the rated capacitance of 95% shall be qualified i.e. discharging time is over 9.5h. (If working temperature is not at 25℃, conversion and comparison must be made in accordance with § Third step: Equalizing charge the battery to saturation then switch to float charge. Measure float charge voltage and view its equalization. 10 使用与维护Operations and Maintenance ● SUPER FM GFM 系列蓄电池为连续浮充电应用设计的，也可用于循环放电使用，充电设备应满足 7.5要求。充电方法必须采用限流一恒压方法按7.1充电。蓄电池在恒压充电时电流逐渐减少，并最终趋于稳定，如果降至0.01C以下，并保持3-5小时基本不变时这表明电池已基本充饱。可以转浮充运行。 ● The battery is designed for continuous float charge application (also used to charging & Discharging circularly). Charging equipment should meet requirement of §7.5. Charging method shall be carried out according to current limit-voltage constant of §7.1. Battery current shall gradually reduce while constant voltage charging tending to stableness. If the current is be low 0.01C and hold for 3-5h,it indicates that the battery has been charged to 90%-98% and for the current keeping up to 6-10h,it indicates that the battery has been in a state of fully. ● 蓄电池可以在-20℃~50℃内使用。有效的工作温度为5~35℃，如果要获得最佳的使用寿命应在15-25℃环境下使用。 ● The battery can working at -20℃-+50℃,Effective working temperature shall be 5-35℃,working at 15-25℃ is the best choice to ensure long service life time. ● 蓄电池在运输、贮存和安装过程中若时间很长会失去一定容量。如果不需校核容量，当电池开路端电压≥2.13V时可以直接投入浮充运行，当开路端电压＜2.13V时应先进行均衡充电，然后投入浮充运行。如果需要进行容量校核应按9.3条要求操作。 ● During long period of transportation/storage and installation, the capacitance shall lose a little. The battery can be put into float charge operation when open-circuit terminal voltage is equal to or greater than 2.13V with no need of verifying the capacitance otherwise, equalizing charge should be done at first, then put into of float charge operation. Capacitance verification required should be performed in accordance with §9.3. ● 蓄电池每年应以实际负荷做一次放电，放电应保持电流稳定，放出额定容量的30%左右（以0.1C放电3小时），放电每小时应测一次电压（单体及电池组）、放电电流、温度，放电后应进行均衡充电然后转浮充进行。 ● The battery discharge shall be carried out for practical load for one time each year and keep the stable discharge current stable during discharging. About 30 percent of rated capacitance shall be discharged (discharging for 3h as 0.1C current). Measure voltage (including single battery and set of battery) & discharge current & temperature every 1 hour for one time. After finishing discharge, equalizing charge and float charge shall be sequentially made. ● 每月应测一次电池单体电压及终端电压，检查一下外观有无异常变形和发热，并保持完整的运行记录。浮充总电压应达到7.1.1要求，并保持在1%之内。 ● Measure single battery voltage and terminal voltage each month for one time. cheek whether abnormal deformation and heat-generating exists and logs complete operation. General float charge voltage shall be within 1% in accordance with §7.1.1 required. ● 每年应检查一次连接导线是否牢固、是否有腐蚀；松动应拧紧至规定扭矩，腐蚀应及时更换。 ● Check whether connecting wire is secure and corrosion exists. Tighten up to specified torque while loosing and replac the corrosive part. ● 不要单独增加或减少电池组中几个单体电池负荷，这将造成单体电池容量的不平衡和充电的不均一性，降低电池寿命。如在整组电池抽出一部分做其它电源，或充电不在一起，放电时叠加一起。 ● Don't individually add /exclude a few single battery loads from set of battery to prevent from unequally single battery capacitance and uniform charging. IF take some as other power supply from the whole set of battery or put them not in a whole when charging, superpose them on the whole set of battery while discharging. ● 正常浮充运行不需要均衡充电，如发现出现以下情况应进行均衡充电： ● Equalizing charge shall be made when following cases happened ① 正常浮充时，电压偏差超过0.1V. Voltage bias is greater than 0.1V while float charging normally. ② 个别单体电池电压低于2.18V。 Unique single battery voltage is lower than 2.18V. ③ 停电搁置超过3个月。 Lay-aside time is over 3 months. ④ 长期达不到浮充要求，每半年进行一次。 Float charge requirement can’t reach for a long period, do it for one time each half year. ⑤ 放电后24小时之内未及时充电。 Charging in time wasn't carried out within 24h after discharging. ⑥ 长期小电流深度放电。 Little current discharging deeply for a long period. ⑦ 过流放电（电流大于规定20%）、过压放电（单格低1.5V）和过电量放电（超过额定容量10%）应立即进行均衡充电。 Discharging with overcurrent (greater than 20% specified), discharging with overvoltage (each grid reduced 1.5V) and discharging with overcapacitance (greater than the rated capacitance of 10%,equalizing charge must be done at once ). ● 电池最佳存贮温度为5-20℃，存放地点应清洁，通风而不潮湿，超过三个月的电池应进行均衡充电。 ● Optimum storage temperature is 5~20℃,clean storage locality, good air ventilation ,no moist. ● 经常性大电流充电、放电将缩短使用寿命。 ● Great current charging/discharging sequentially shall shorten the battery’s service life time ● 12V系列容量为50-100安时的浮充使用，设计寿命为3年，2V系列为浮充使用设计寿命为10年。 ● Float charge application life designed shall be 3 years for/12V series with capacitance of 50~100AH and for 2Vseries to be 10 years. 11 蓄电池常见故障及消除方法Common failures ＆ Trouble-shootings 序 号 No 2.30V) 1 故 障 Failure 浮充运行电压太高(大于故障结果 Phenomenon 耗水量大,温度升高,电池漏液,寿命缩短。 temperature increases, battery deformation, life time shortens 结果同上相似，但更厉害一些。 more serious 消除方法 Trouble-shooting 调整电压控制值，或更换有毛病电压控制元件。 Regulate the voltage or replace the damaged voltage controlled component 调整电压控制值。 value Float charge voltage is too Great water consumption, high(＞2.30V) 均衡充电或补充电时电压控制太高（大于2.40V） Same as the last and the result is Regulate the voltage controlled 2 Voltage is too high (＞2.40V) while equalizing charge or replenishing 浮充运行电压太低（小于2.20V） 3 Voltage is too low (＜2.20V＝ in float charge operation 充电电流过大（大于0.2CA） 4 great (＞0.2CA) 耗水量大，温度升高，电池变形，甚至爆裂，寿命减少。 water temperature shortens 平均环境温度过高 Mean environment 5 temperature is too high 由于蒸发，水损增大，浮充电流增大，腐蚀加速，减少寿命。 evaporation and float current rises to accelerate decreases. 充电不能按时断开 Can't break charging 6 耗水量增大，温度升高，长期可能导致电池组损坏。 temperature rises, the set of battery shall be damaged 充电长期（不足）中断 Charging insufficient 7 is 硫酸盐化，电池组放电加快，有深立即进行必要的充电，人工进行均衡充电。 long-term 放电和硫酸盐化，电压不均。 停电修理设备。 Repair the equipment with corrosion, lifetime 加强环境通风或采用空调。 Reinforce air ventilation or use increases 降低充电电流。 停电修理设备。 battery repair the equipment without 硫酸盐化，容量降低。 Sulphation decreases and 调整电压控制值，均衡充电。 capacitance Regulate the voltage controlled value Charging current is too Great consumption Lower the charging current, deformation even crack life time power-on Water consumption increases due to air-conditioner Water consumption increases and power cut Sulphation, discharge speeds up, Necessary charging muse be charger of discharging deeply and performed immediately and sulphation shall emerge equalizing charge then float charge shall be carried out sequentially. 出厂后电池长期未能使用 8 No using of battery for long term after delivery 深放电 Discharging deeply 9 自放电，硫酸盐化，电压不均。 Self-discharge, sulphation 充电，包括均衡充电然后浮充。 Charging the battery including equalizing charge then float charge 硫酸盐化，容量下降。 Sulphation, capacitance reduces 均衡充电，或采用比正常充电量大的电量进行充电。 Equalizing normal charging/charging with greater capacitance than 深放电频繁（如每月一次） 10 使用寿命缩短。 Service life time decreases 绝对避免，安装容量更大的电池。 Absolutely avoid the case, install battery larger capacitance 电池放电后开路放置24小时以上不进行充电。 11 No charging after battery discharging with in 24h open-circuit lay-aside 高交流脉动电流，导致温度升高5℃左右。 12 硫酸盐化。 Sulphation 应立即充电，小心地进行均衡充电。 Charge at once and equalized charge carefully 浮充电压下降特别是对放过电的电池，若经常如此电池全部损坏。 检查电器，减少交流成份。 Check charger and diminish AC High AC ripple current Float charge voltage drops especially component causes temperature rising for discharged battery frequently, 5℃ or so 整个电池组或单个电池外部短路 emerging the case shall lead to the whole batteries-damaged. 熔断端子，以至损坏电池组或电池。 应绝对避免，使用绝缘工具检Terminals burnt up even to wear the 查连接导线。 battery's battery circuit 反极性充电会损坏电池，可能损坏整流器及电器。后果与短路相同。 check connection wire with insulation tools 应绝对避免，一旦发现应立即将电池极性换过来。 13 The whole set of battery whole set of battery or the single Absolutely avoid the case, or a single short exterior happens 部分电池或电池组接反极 14 Positive /Negative polarity The battery is damaged. Rectifier and Absolutely avoid the case, is connected reversely electric unit shall be probably reverse the polarity damaged. The result is same as that of short circuit 新、旧电池在同一电路上运行。 充电电压不均，减少电池寿命。 新、旧电池不易串联在同一列New & old batteries Charge voltage isn't uniform, the 电池组中运行。 shouldn't be connected in a 15 New & old batteries batteries' life time shortens operates in a circuit simultaneously 螺栓不紧固 Screw isn't tightened 16 火花烧损。导线或电池发热，甚至火灾。 circuit 将所有部件清洁处理并吹干后紧固螺栓。 Sparkwear occurs, wire and/or Clean and dry out all the parts battery generate heat even to cause then tighten the screw. a fire 安全阀处漏液 place of safety valve 减少电解液 及时清除电解液，拧紧安全阀，非常严重应更换安全阀。 Clear away remove electrolyte in time, tighten the safety valve, replace the valve if serious 端子处爬酸 腐蚀连接件 更换电池连接件。 Remove acid and have anti-corrosive treatment, Acid leakage emerges in Etch blocks the place of terminals Liquid leakage arises in the Decrease electrolyte 17 18 Replace the battery if serious. 12 技术服务及质量信息反馈 Technical service and quality information feedback ● 向用户传授电池安装、使用与维护技术，解决使用中的疑难问题。 ● Techniques including installation & operation & maintenance shall be passed on users in order to solve practical problem during application. ● 按用户要求，供应电池组柜及修理所需备品配件。 ● Battery panels and spare parts for repair shall be furnished according to user's need. ● 承揽电池安装、调试或进行技术指导业务，价格优惠、收费合格。 ● Services relating to erection, commissioning and technical guide shall be fulfilled with favorable price and reasonable cost. ● 按用户要求协助代购所需专用仪表、工具等。 ● Assists to buy on user's behalf instruments and tools that required for a special purpose. ● 收集用户对产品的评价意见。 ● Collects user's views on our products. ● 及时处理用户意见及质量问题。 ● Solves the user's views and quality problems timely. ● 按信息反馈程序，及时将处理结果反给用户。 ● Returns solvents to the user according to information feedback schedule. ● 属于我公司产品质量问题，及时给予包修、包换、服务上门；属于使用不当出现的问题，及时修理服务，只收修理费及材料成本费；由于运输过程中造成电池的破损，只收材料成本费，及时服务修理。 ● We shall be responsible to repair, replace and /or supplement at our expense due to quality problem of products. We shall serve for the user timely for problems due to incorrect operation and repair cost & material cost shall be born by the user. In case of any damage to the battery due to transportation, the user shall be responsible for material cost and for repair service supplied by us. ● 各种技术文件，包括蓄电池的标准、产品图纸、工艺规范、供需双方签订的技术协议及本技术手册、产品样本等做为技术服务的依据和验收的标准。 ● Various technical documentation relating to battery's standard, product drawings, technology standard, technical agreement signed by the two parties, current technical handbook and product samples shall be considered as standard of technical service and acceptance. 哈尔滨九洲电气股份有限公司 HARBIN JIUZHOU ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 地址：哈尔滨市南岗区哈平路162号 Address: No.162, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China 总机Tel： 销售热线Sales： 服务热线Technical support： 传真Fax：邮编Postal number：150040