由20个元音,28个辅音组成,共48个音标。 48个国际音标(英语语音) 元音
单元音 前元音 [i:] [i] [e] [æ] 中元音 [ʌ] [ə:] [ə] 后元音 [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ] [a:] 双元音
开合双元音 [ei] [ai] [ɔi] [əu] [au] 集中双元音[iə][εə] [uə] 辅音
爆破音[p] [t] [k] 浊辅音[b] [d] [g]
摩擦音 清辅音 [f] [s] [ʃ] [θ] [h] 浊辅音 [v] [z] [ʒ] [ð] [r] 破擦音 清辅音 [tʃ] [tr] [ts] 浊辅音 [dʒ] [dr] [dz] 鼻音 (浊辅音) [m] [n] [ŋ] 舌侧音 (浊辅音) [l] 半元音 (浊辅音) [w] [j]
音标发音技巧
元音
元音[i:]
发音部位:舌前的中部,嘴唇扁形,牙床开合较窄,接近于合 趣味绕口令
(1) Each Easter Eddie eats eighty Easter eggs. (2) Silly sheep weep and sleep.
元音[I]
发音部位:舌身隆起部分为舌前的后部,唇形扁,牙床开合程度为窄到中等,接近于半合 趣味绕口令
(1) I slit a sheet, a sheet I slit. Upon the slitted sheet, I sit. (2) I wish you were a fish in my dish.
元音[e]
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发音部位:舌身隆部分为舌前,唇形:扁或正常,牙床开合程度为中等,半合与半开之间 趣味绕口令
Fred fed Ted bread, and Ted fed Fred bread.
元音[æ]
发音部位
元 音 /æ/ 舌 身 隆 起 部 分 舌前 唇 形 正常 牙 床 开 合 程 度 宽,半开与开之间 趣味绕口令
(1) Jack had a rat; Sam had a cat. (2) Sam's cat ate Jack's rat.
中元音/ə/
/ə/ 是短元音。发音时舌身平放,舌中部略隆起,双唇扁平 趣味绕口令
(1)The driver’s younger sister is a pop singer
(2) The manager’s daughter will post the letter later.
中元音/ə:/
/ə:/是长元音。发音时舌中部比发/ə/音时略高。双唇扁平。 趣味绕口令
1) The early bird catches the worm. 2) She is no longer working for the firm.
中元音/ʌ/
1. /ʌ/ 是短元音。发音时舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿,舌后部靠前部分稍抬起;唇形稍扁,开口度较大,与/ æ/
相似。
趣味绕口令
1)Never trouble about trouble until trouble troubles you! 2)Shut up the shutters and sit in the shop
元音[a:] 发音部位
发这个音时,注意舌身的中部隆起,舌的两侧不接触上颚。舌尖和尖端两侧触及下齿,开口程度和/æ/相似,牙床接近全开,双唇向两旁平伸。 趣味绕口令
Not far from the bar stops a car
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元音[ɔ]
发音方法 其发音几乎跟/a:/ 音一样,不同的是,它用圆唇,是个短音。所以先发/a:/ 然后在这个基础上把嘴唇收圆就可以了 趣味绕口令
I want coffee and a hot dog in the box.
元音/u:/ 发音部位
牙床接近全合,双唇收圆,向前凸出。后舌抬得很高,是个长音,注意不要发得太短,口腔肌肉要始终保持紧张状态。 趣味绕口令
The food is good, but I am full; the foot is not good, but I have to move;
元音/u/
发音部位
舌后部向软腭抬起,舌身后缩,舌尖离开下齿。 趣味绕口令
The woman cook looks at a good book.
辅音
爆破音 [p]和[b] 1)发音部位
发/p/,/b/ 音时,软颚抬起,堵住到鼻腔的通道;发音形成的部位是由双唇形成阻碍,双唇紧闭,逼住气流,然后突然分开,气流冲出口腔,形成清辅音/p/或浊辅音/b/。 趣味绕口令
(1)A big black bug bit the back of a big black bear.
(2)Give papa a cup of proper coffee in a copper coffee cup
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[t]和[d] 发音部位
发/ t /,/d/音时,软颚抬起,堵住到鼻腔的通道;是由舌尖与上齿龈形成阻碍,舌尖紧贴上齿龈、憋住气流,然后舌尖突然下降,气流冲出口腔,形成清辅音/t /或浊辅音/ d /。 趣味绕口令
(1) A dog has bread for dinner in dark. (2) Just a hot top tea.
爆破音 [k]和[g] 1)发音部位
发/k/,/g/ 音时,软颚抬起,堵住到鼻腔的通道;是由舌后部抵住软颚形成阻碍,舌后部同时隆起,紧贴软颚的前部,憋住气流,然后突然离开,气流冲出口腔,形成清辅音/ k /或浊辅音/ g /。 趣味绕口令
(1) Take the book, the bike and the kite to keep fit (2) God gets a dog ,a pig and a bag of eggs.
摩擦音/f/ /v/
1. /f/ /v/是唇齿摩擦辅音。发音时下唇轻触上齿,气流由唇齿间通过,形成摩擦。/f/ 是清辅音,声带不振动;
/v/ 是浊辅音,声带振动。 趣味绕口令
1)Fanny cut half a loaf with a fine knife. 2)Victor is very efficient man.
摩擦音/s/ /z/
/s/ /z/是舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈,气流由舌端齿龈间送出,形成摩擦音。/s/是清辅音,声带不振动;/z/是浊辅音,声带振动。 趣味绕口令
1) Seven silly skunks sighed sadly.
2) Those boys made a lot of noise; their cries could be heard for miles.
摩擦音/θ/ /ð/
/θ/ /ð/ 是舌齿摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖轻触上齿背,气流由舌齿间送出,形成摩擦音。/θ/是清辅音,声带不振动;/ð /是浊辅音,声带振动。 趣味绕口令
1) Something is better than nothing.
2) His father and mother went through thick and thin.
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摩擦音/∫/ /ʒ/
/∫/ /ʒ/是舌端齿龈后部摩擦辅音。发音时舌端靠近齿龈后部,舍身抬起靠近上颚,双唇稍收圆并略突出。气流通过时形成摩擦音。/∫/是清辅音,声带不振动;/ʒ/是浊辅音,声带振动。
趣味绕口令
1) Sheep shouldn’t sleep in a shack, but in a shed. 2) She usually does unusual things.
摩擦音/h/ /r/
/h/声门摩擦辅音。发音时气流送出口腔,在通过声门时发出轻 微摩擦;口形随其后的元音而变化。/h/是清辅音,声带不振动。
/r/是舌尖齿龈(后部)摩擦辅音。发音时舌尖卷起,靠近上齿龈后部。舌两侧稍收拢。双唇略突出。气流通过舌尖和齿龈形成轻微摩擦。浊辅音,声带振动。 趣味绕口令
1) The hunter and his huge horse hid behind the house.
2) A writer named Wright was instructing his little son how to write Wright right.
破擦音 /tʃ/ 发音部位
舌尖先抬起并顶在上齿龈的后部,形成阻碍,不留缝隙,然后渐渐放开,形成一个缝隙,气流从中冲出,是一个清辅音,发音时声带不振动。 趣味绕口令
A rich teacher comes to china and sits in a chair, watching the match held in a church.
破擦音 /dʒ/
发音部位
发音位置和方法跟上面的那个音完全相同,只是它将前面的那个音浊化,发出来有种粗重的效果。 趣味绕口令
Jim Jack George, can you cross the bridge and pick some orange
破擦音 /tr/ 发音部位
发这个音时,舌尖抬向上齿龈后部,并向硬腭弯曲,舌尖贴在上齿龈后部,气流冲破阻碍发生短促的清辅音 趣味绕口令
A truck, a tram and a train, they are crossing the country in a rain. The rain stops the train, the tree stops the truck, how would you treat the tram?
破擦音 /dr/
发音部位
发这个音时,舌身取发/r/的姿势,舌尖贴在齿龈后部,气流冲破阻碍发出短促的/d/后立即发/r/, 它是个浊音 趣味绕口令
It is drizzling, and a driver is knocking a drum. He has a dream, that is to drink all kinds of juice.
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破擦音 /ts/ 发音部位
发这个音时,舌尖先贴住上齿龈堵住气流,然后略微下降,气流随之泄出口腔。用中指和食指抵住喉头,体会一下声带不振动的感觉。/ts/是个清辅音 趣味绕口令
Wear the cats with shirts, and give them hats, make them catch rats, they can wait at the gates.
破擦音 /dz/ 发音部位
此音的发音方法跟前面一个类似,只是它是浊辅音,发音的时候用中指和食指地主喉头,体会一下声带振动的感觉。 趣味绕口令
Birds are our friends, we love them like we love stars, at weekends, I would study arts and my dear birds.
鼻音 /m/,/n/,///
/m/发音方法:双唇紧闭,软腭下垂,气流从鼻腔送出。在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。
/n/发音方法:舌尖紧贴上齿龈,软腭下垂,形成阻碍,气流由鼻腔送出,在词末时,须略延长,以防止吞音。 //发音方法:软腭下垂,舌后部向软腭抬起,堵住口腔通道,气流从鼻腔送出。词末时发音清晰有力,略微延长。
趣味绕口令:
1) Some boys come home and play computer games.
2) Helen is a green hand with brown skin and a quick mind. 3) The singer knows nothing but singing songs.
舌侧音/l/
/l/的发音方法:元音前读清晰/l/,舌端抵上齿龈,气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出;辅音前或词末发音含糊/l/,舌端也抵上齿龈,但是与清晰音相比,舌前部低,舌后部高,发音略长。 趣味绕口令:
Like father, like son.
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