作文万能句型 一)比较
1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages.
2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B.
3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that...
4.It is reasonable to maintain that ...but it would be foolish to claim that...
5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages.
6.Like anything else, it has its faults.
7.A and B has several points in common.
8.A bears some resemblances to B.
9.However, the same is not applicable to B.
10. A and B differ in several ways.
11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects.
12. People used to think ..., but things are different now.
13. The same is true of B.
14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks.
15. It is true that A ... , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are ...
二)原因
1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation.
A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem).
2. The answer to this problem involves many factors.
3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that...
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4. The factors that contribute to this situation include...
5. The change in ...largely results from the fact that...
6. We may blame ...,but the real causes are...
7. Part of the explanations for it is that ...
One of the most common factors (causes ) is that ...
Another contributing factor (cause ) is ...
Perhaps the primary factor is that …
But the fundamental cause is that ...
三)后果
1. It may give rise to a host of problems.
2. The immediate result it produces is ...
3. It will exercise a profound influence upon...
4. Its consequence can be so great that...
四)批驳
1)It is true that ..., but one vital point is being left out.
2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.
3) Some people say ..., but it does not hold water.
4) Many of us have been under the illusion that...
5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.
6) It makes no sense to argue for ...
7) Too much stress placed on ... may lead to ...
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8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that ...
9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that ...
五)举例
1) A good case in point is ...
2) As an illustration, we may take ...
3) Such examples might be given easily.
4) ...is often cited as an example.
六)证明
1) No one can deny the fact that ...
2) The idea is hardly supported by facts.
3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows ...
4) Recent studies indicate that ...
5) There is sufficient evidence to show that ...
6) According to statistics proved by ..., it can be seen that ...
七)开篇
1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of ...
2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus.
3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic.
4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among ...
5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over ...
6) Never in our history has the idea that ... been so popular.
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7) Faced with ..., quite a few people argue that ...
8) According to a recent survey, ...
9) With the rapid development of ..., ...
八)结尾
1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that ...
2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop ...
3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to ...
4) In conclusion, it is imperative that ...
5) There is no easy method, but ...might be of some help.
6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must ...
7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up.
8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly.
9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to ...
10) Taking all these into account, we ...
11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear...
现象解释型：
第一段：现象描述
第二段：原因扩展/影响扩展
第三段：建议措施（解决方法、继承发扬） 问题解决型：
第一段：问题引出
第二段：危害扩展/原因扩展 第三段：解决方法 对立观点型：
第一段：现象描述+引出观点
第二段：观点论证（两种观点分别论证） 第三段：观点阐述 论点阐述型：
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第一段：引出论点 第二段：举例扩展 第三段：观点阐述 图表图画型：
第一段：描述图表（引出现象） 第二段：原因扩展/影响扩展
第三段：建议措施（解决方法、继承发扬）
把准备好的功能段落按要求组合即为对应类型的文章
六级写作常用谚语总结
学习篇：（学习、教育的重要）study、learning、knowledge
It is never too old to learn 活到老，学到老 Knowledge is power 知识就是力量
Knowledge is the food of the soul.知识是心灵之源 There is no end to learning. 学无止境
Without learning，without eyes 没有知识就是盲人
品德篇：
奋斗：(努力奋斗、克服困难、不畏挫折) success、accomplishment、achievement
Failure is mother of success 失败是成功之母
Cease to struggle and you cease to live 生命不止，奋斗不息 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 逆境出人才 Where there is a will，there is a way 有志者事竟成
Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind on it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
珍惜时间：time、saving time
A young idler，an old beggar 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲 Every minute counts 分秒必争
Time lost cannot be called back again 时光一去不复返 To save time is to lengthen life. 节约时间就是延长生命
节俭：thrift、frugality
The love of economy is the root of all virtue. 节约是一切美德的根源 Plain living and high thinking. 生活要朴素，思想要高尚
勤奋：diligence
God helps those who help themselves 天道酬勤 A rolling stone gathers no moss.滚石不生苔 Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
自信：confidence
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Never say die 永不言败
Self-trust is the first secret of success. 自信是成功的首要秘诀
耐性：patience、endurance、permanence
Constant dripping wears away a stone 水滴石穿 Every little helps a mickle 聚沙成塔，集腋成裘 Fool‘s haste is no speed 欲速则不达
踏实做事：action
Doing is better than saying 说得好不如做得好
A good beginning is half done 好的开始是成功的一半
What may be done at any time will be done at no time. 因循蹉跎，一事无成
诚信：faithfulness、honesty
Honesty is the best policy 做人诚信为本 Cheats never prosper 骗人发不了财
友谊篇：赞美伟大的友谊companionship、friendship
A hedge between keeps friendship green.君子之交淡如水 Life without a friend is death 没有朋友，虽生犹死
理想篇：ideal、ideality
High expectations are the key to everything 远大理想是开启万物的钥匙 Ideal is the beacon 理想是指路明灯
健康篇：health
Wealth is nothing without health.最宝贵的财富是健康 Happiness lies first of all in health 健康是最大的幸福
正反观点类专用谚语
Fire is a good servant but is a bad master 火是一把双刃剑 Every coin has tow sides 任何硬币都有两面。
也就是说：that is to say
Everything has its advantages and disadvantages. There is no agreement among citizens
Some believe that„„is good,while others,taking the opposite stand,hold the view that„„is bad
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翻译部分
1.考查目的：
测试考生在短语、句子或常用表达层次上的中译英能力 2.考查形式：
每次考5个题目，每题1分，占总分值比重的5% 考试时间为5分钟
要求将括号中汉语部分翻译成英语，从而补全英文句子 3.注意事项：
每题的评分分为三档：1分，0.5分，0分
某个单词不会写并不会是0分，整体句式最重要 所给英文一般为3-8个词，要填内容多为9-11个词
需要翻译的内容大部分在句子末尾，也有少数在句首或句中 考查的重点为重要的语法知识和固定用法
是老题型“词汇与语法结构”的变型
4.考查的重要语法： ①从句的考察：
主要考察定语从句和状语从句 定语从句：体现在关系词的选择上
根据不同的先行词和句子结构选择相应的关系代词和关系副词。 状语从句：体现在四种状语从句的考察
让步、比较、时间和原因状语从句
明确不同状语从句的引导词和起到的作用，以及其中涉及的重要语法现象。 ②非谓语动词：
重点考查分词和不定式在句中作定语或状语的情况 ③时态、语态和主谓一致：
重点考查时态，兼顾被动语态和主谓一致特殊情况的考察 ④强调句：
只有两种时态：一般现在时和一般过去时
It is（was）+强调内容+that（who）+剩余内容 ⑤核心词汇和习惯表达：
重点复习六级考试核心词汇及与其相关的词组和习惯表达 ⑥倒装 ⑦虚拟语气
语法复习的参考书： 高中英语语法
主要两大步骤：一翻，二查 1. 翻：翻译中文部分 先找句子或是短语的主干 写出主干之后，再写修饰成分 修饰成分：主要是定语/状语 修饰成分的翻译：
①定语翻译(根据修饰词数量)
修饰词=1→小修饰：前置→形容词
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注意名词修饰名词的情况，用A of B的结构表达，此时修饰成分在后面 修饰词>1→大修饰：后置 体现为介宾短语或是定语从句
具体写法取决于修饰成分中有无动词 若有动词，就写成定语从句 若无动词，就写介词短语 ②状语翻译 小修饰：副词
大修饰：介宾短语、非谓语动词和状语从句 若谓语是不及物动词，则状语直接跟在动词之后 若谓语是及物动词，则状语跟在宾语之后 2. 查：查看已给出的英文部分 注意二者之间的衔接：
①翻译内容所作的句子成分
②整个句子保持语义和时态的一致 ③判断所需的固定表达或语法
虚拟语气：
当想要表达与实际情况相反的愿望时，主观想象某事有可能发生时，或建议、要求某事发生时，
就需要使用虚拟语气。 主要考点：
①名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ②非真实条件句中的虚拟语气
典型真题：
08.6—83； 07.12—82； 06.12—72； 样题72
①名词性从句中的虚拟语气：
只有特定的名词性从句使用，其中一般含有标志词 标志词：往往是表示愿望、建议、命令、请求、 意志等语气的词。
愿望：wish，desire ， desirable，deserve 建议：advise ，suggest ， advisable 命令：order ，command
请求：require ，request ， ask
意志：essential， incredible，ridiculous，insist
固定形式：
It is+形容词/过去分词/特定的名词+ that somebody + (should) + do + something. 无论主句的谓语动词是何种形式，从句谓语形式均为：should+动词原形 should可以省略。
②非真实条件句中的虚拟语气：
用来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景通常是不可能发生的，与客观实际相反的，或
发生可能性极小，只表示说话者的一种主观愿望、假想和建议等等。 有三种情况：分别表示对现在、过去、将来的事实进行虚拟。 三种情况主句和If从句中的谓语动词形式各有不同 1.与现在事实相反的假设： 条件从句：一般过去时
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主句：should（would）+动词原形 句型：
If sb. did sth.，sb. would/should do sth.
例句：If they were there, they would help you. 2.与过去事实相反的假设： 条件从句：过去完成时
主句：should（would） have+过去分词 句型：
If sb. had done sth.，sb. would/should have done sth. 例句：If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. 3.与将来相反的假设： 条件从句：
一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形 主句：should（would）+动词原形 句型：
If sb. done/were to do/should do sth.，sb. would/should do sth. 例句：
If you succeeded ,everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right 倒装结构：
考点1：否定词前置句首，部分倒装 考点2：Only加状语在句首，部分倒装 部分倒装：
指将谓语的一部分(如助动词、系动词或情态动词)放在主语前面，其余部分仍在主语之后 如果句子中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加相应的助动词，并将其置于主语之前 考点1：否定词前置句首，部分倒装 常见的否定词：
never，seldom，scarcely，hardly not only…but (also)， no sooner…than， hardly…when， not until
句型：否定词+助动词+Sb.+谓语动词+其他成分 主要考点：
①从句②非谓语动词③时态、语态和主谓一致 ④强调句⑤核心词汇和习惯表达⑥倒装⑦虚拟语气 注意事项：
1、不因生词而放弃——抓句子主干 2、不因熟词而草率——定主干拼写 3、不因急躁而盲目——添修饰成分 4、不因求成而冒进——写考点结构
改错题型基本情况
1.考查目的：
不仅测试考生对于篇章的理解能力，同时测试考生对于词汇和语法的掌握以及拼写单词的能力。
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2.考查形式：
文章体裁以议论文和说明文为主，通常为220-250个词左右。
文章中有10行划线的句子，每行中有1个错误，每个错误1分，总共10分。 考试时间为15分钟。 3.注意事项：
①划线的那一行必有错误，而且只有一个错误，同时没划线的句子中一定没有错误，不用过分关注。
②不要持有怀疑一切的态度，因为其中只有语言方面的错误，不可能有标点符号和词汇拼写的错误。
③有三种改错的方式，分别是改正（change a word）、删除（delete a word）、增添（add a word），其中改正的比例是最高的，需要留心检查。注意only a word，只能增加、删除和改正一个单词。 Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. 1. time/times/period Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature as 2. ______________ a school subject are valid for ∧ study of television. 3. ______the______ 3.注意事项：
④如果答题时出现拼写错误则不能够得分。
⑤改错题是六级考试中的老题型，它与完形填空是二者选其一进行考查的，不会同时考到。
⑥改错题中的错误都是同学们在写作中自己容易犯的错误，一般分为三大种类，分别是语法错误、词汇错误和语义错误，其中以语法错误为主。
通过学习改错题反思在写作中注意的要点。 改错题中的常见错误 一.语法错误：
1.平行结构错误：考搭配关系 Not only ……but also Both ……and Neither……nor Either……or
出现前面的词，后面搭配的词不见了(不可能紧接着不见，中间会故意插一个很长的成分) 前面的词出现以后，后面的词被换掉了
最常见的平行结构是and，both，than，or等
例如：One of these is informative, interesting and is easy to read 应该去掉is
改为：One of these is informative, interesting and easy to read
教授的工资比秘书高
A professor’s salary is higher than a secretary. 应该是教授的工资比秘书的工资高
A professor’s salary is higher than a secretary’s Defining a problem is easier than provide a solution 应该把to provide 改为providing
Defining a problem is easier than providing a solution
2.连接词，关系词错误： 主要考查各种从句的引导词 Candles will later be replaced by lights, that could burn longer and brighter.
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应该将that改成which Candles will later be replaced by lights, which could burn longer and brighter. It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to universities without any ideas of that they are going to do afterward.
应该把that改为what It would be interesting to discover how many young people go to universities without any ideas of what they are going to do afterward.
3.非谓语动词：
主要考查非谓语动词与谓语动词的混用 2005年12月
If you have to send on, make sure it is one taking in a (S9) professional setting, rather than a holiday snap.
应把taking改为taken
非谓语动词作定语，表示被动关系应该用过去分词
2000年1月 Consider the great need for improving many (78) aspects of the global environment, one is surely justified in his concern for the money and resources that are poured into the space exploration efforts.
应把consider改为considering 非谓语动词作状语 4.词性错误： 主要体现为名词、形容词、副词的错误 应该首先通过词在句子中的位置来判断词性，然后判断正误，形容词修饰名词，副词修饰动词或形容词。
例如：Complete different 应该改为Completely different
2006年6月 Mass literacy is a relative new social goal. 应该把relative改为relatively 2006年12月 Now what started in schools across the country is playing itself out on a nation stage and (71) is possibly having an impact on the reading habits of the American public.
应该把nation改为national 5.代词错误： 往往是前后指代的内容不一致 In most places , the jungle top is so thick that this is impossible to see the stars or the sun. 把this改为it，作为形式主语 In most places , the jungle top is so thick that it is impossible to see the stars or the sun. 英文中表达“这是不可能的”应该用形式主语句型
The modern lighthouse also identities it in a code known to all shipping. 把it改为itself The modern lighthouse also identities itself in a code known to all shipping. 代词指代的内容为lighthouse本身
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6.比较级和最高级错误： 往往是一些比较级和最高级的常见用法 2003年12月 Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with few (S9) stems and more seeds.
把few改为fewer Elsewhere, rice experts in the Philippines are producing a plant with fewer stems and more seeds. 7.一致性错误： 主要包括主谓一致和单复数一致两种 ①主谓一致： 常见的错误类型，主要表现为主语名词与谓语动词间隔较长，首尾不能相接等。 Business today ，whether it is running a little gas station or a bigger factory ，take good management.
把take改为takes，主语为business所以是单数 ②单复数不一致： 往往体现为有明确量词修饰名词，此时名词应该用复数形式。 In addition ,the paper instituted a content audit that evaluates the frequency and manner of representation of woman and people of color in photographs.
应该把woman改为women 因为women与后面的people用and连接 8.时态和语态错误： ①整句话的时态必须保持一致： The entire family—mother, father, children, even grandparents—live in a small house and working (S4) together to support each other.
应该把working改为work The entire family—mother, father, children, even grandparents—live in a small house and work together to support each other.
②注意被动语态的表达： 由于中文表达中不加“被”也可以表达被动，因此我们对于被动语态很不敏感。 In some parts, all the trees have cut down. 把have cut down改为 have been cut down 因为树是被砍倒的，要用被动语态。 二.词汇错误： 1.搭配错误： 重点考查英语中核心词汇的惯用搭配和常见词组、短语的使用。 例如：different from
be responsible for be dependent on be independent of be similar to be hard on The English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules. 应该把in改为at
at one ’s disposal表示“由……支配”的意思
2.易混词错误： 往往考查那些拼写和语义上相似，但是用法却不同的词汇
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例如：considerable 相当大，相当多的 considerate 考虑周全的，体谅 A large amount of magazines 把amount改为number amount修饰不可数名词，number修饰可数名词 3.赘述和漏词错误： 赘述指重复性的表达，漏词指遗漏了某些搭配词 赘述经常是在动词后面多出介词或副词，把及物动词当成不及物动词使用。 漏词往往是漏掉介词、冠词和形式宾语等不起眼的小词。 After my graduation from your university， I will return back China. 去掉back ，return本身为及物动词 2003年9月 Although most people in the United States no longer live on farms, but the ideal of home ownership is just as (S6) strong in the twentieth century as it was in the nineteenth. 把but去掉，although和but不能连用 When two Americans meet for first time ，it is normal for them to call each other by their given names immediately.
在first前面加上the In fact ，until recently sea water has almost been considered to be useless and no value to man. 在and后面加上of 复习be+adj=be+of+n 4.序数词的误用： 考查序数词的常用表达方式 one in every seventh 把seventh改为seven
注意分数的表达方法，是序数词的考查重点
三.语义错误： 比较难的一种错误，往往体现为上下文意思的矛盾，需要理解文章内容才能改正。 2004年6月 When U.S. soldiers came home before World War II. for (S7) example, they dreamed of buying houses and starting families.
把before改为after 2006年6月 A hundred years ago people didn’t need to be good readers in order to earn a living. But in the Information Age, no one can get by with knowing how to read well and (S10) understand increasingly complex material.
把with改为without 解题步骤： 一、读文章首句，首句无错误 二、以段为单位，理解上下文 三、以行为单位，着手找错误 四、先直观修改，再地毯搜索 复习要点： 重点复习讲过的语法考点，勤于练习，做到孰能生巧
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