错误1——连接词、从句引导词有误
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in the picture are the things they were very important
in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
they→that/which [things是先行词，后面是定语从句，they不能引导定语从句，故用that/which引导。]
2．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and
found where his parents were missing.
where→that或去掉where [found后为宾语从句，引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用，应用that引导，而且that可省略。 ]
3．(2017·桂林市校际联考)Although we must have a fast step, but I don't think we
should have fast food.
去掉but [although或though和but不能同时放在同一个句子里。] 4．(2017·西安市第八十三中学模拟)I was about to leave while the owner of the shop
waved at me.
while→when [考查句式be about to do sth. when ...意为“正要做某事，这时……”。]
5．(2017·赤峰市模拟)It's true what honesty is more important than money!
what→that [it作形式主语，后面的句子为真正的主语，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，故应用that。]
6．(2017·临汾一中联考)It's not easy for us to accept the fact which we are going to
leave our beloved school.
which→that [the fact后为同位语从句，引导词在从句中无任何意义而且不作任何成分，应用that。]
7．(2017·青岛市模拟)And I'll never forget the days when we spent together.
when→that/which或去掉when [the days后面为定语从句，引导词在从句中作spent的宾语，应用that/which引导，也可省略引导词。]
8．(2017·潍坊实验中学模拟)At 16, I left home to do parttime jobs, where made me
understand “East or west, home is the best” better.
where→which [第二个逗号后面为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且代替前面的整个句子，故用which引导。]
9．(2017·福州八中质检)No matter how you do, you must do it well even if you may
fail many times.
how→what [此处应用no matter what引导让步状语从句，其中what作do的宾语。]
10．(2017·湖北省七市联考)So instead of giving us answers immediately, she
encourages us to think carefully every time when she puts forward questions.
去掉when [every time引导时间状语从句，when属于多余的词。] 感悟与反思：1. 并列连词在句法上的错误主要有两种情况：①受汉语影响而引起的连词的多余，例如汉语中可以说“尽管……，但是……”，“因为……，所以……”，但是英语中although/though不能与but连用，because不能与so 连用。②常考句式：be doing/be about to do ...when ...中when的应用；“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”中and/or的应用。
2. 从句引导词在句法上的错误主要有四种情况：①状语从句的引导词错误。②状语从句引导词的重复。③定语从句关系代词与关系副词的错用。④名词性从句中连接词、连接代词与连接副词的错用，尤其是连接词that与连接代词what的错用。 错误2——谓语动词有误
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few
years.
had→have [通过时间状语in the past few years可判定应用现在完成时。] 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil
are using for cooking.
using→used [fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。]
3．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Tony was scared and begun to cry.
begun→began [这里是对过去发生的事情的客观叙述，应用一般过去时，故begun应改为began。]
4．(2017·青岛市模拟)Last week, I take part in the Cultural Exchange Week.
take→took [通过last week可判定应用一般过去时。]
5．(2017·长沙市联考)To collect opinions from the public, an online survey has made
these days.
has后加been [an online survey与make之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。]
6．(2017·山西大学附中模拟)Next week, I was going to a reception at the City Hall.
was→am [根据next week可判定用一般将来时，故was改为am。] 7．(2017·揭阳市模拟)It was the first time that I have played on the stage.
have→had [在It/This be the first/second ...time that ... 句式中，若be为is，则that从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；若be为was，则that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。]
8．(2017·太原五中模拟)After I elected chairman of the students' union of our school,
I decided to start a school English newspaper for us students.
elected前加was [I与elect为被动关系，应用被动语态。]
9．(2017·西安市模拟)In short, learning to regard the challenges of life as a stepping
stone to future success and make the best of them.
learning→learn [此处应为祈使句，故learning改为learn。]
10．(2017·南昌二中模拟)He is continually being told not to do this, not to do that, or
being punished for what he had done wrong.
had→has [主句谓语动词的时态为现在进行时，what引导宾语从句，其动作发生在主句表示的动作之前，应用现在完成时。]
感悟与反思：谓语动词错误主要有三种情况：①动词的形式错误：过去式与过去分词错用。②时态、语态的错用：应根据时间状语或逻辑关系判定时态和语态。③误把动词用作非谓语动词。 错误3——非谓语动词有误
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
wear→wearing [by doing sth.通过做某事。by为介词，后跟动词-ing形式。] 2．(2017·云南师大附中模拟)It was very cold outside but they didn't enter the shop,
just stood at the shop window.
stood→standing或逗号后加and [逗号后应为现在分词短语作伴随状语，也可在逗号后加and让didn't enter与stood并列。]
3．(2017·廊坊市质检)Others may argue that uniforms are likely to prevent students
from think freely.
think→thinking [介词from后应用动词-ing形式作宾语。]
4．(2017·巢湖市模拟)Every day he spends more than one hour examine my
homework.
examine→examining [spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事，为固定短语。] 5．(2017·蚌埠二中模拟)I am writing to keep you informing of something about the
severe situation that they are faced with presently.
informing→informed [keep后跟复合宾语，you与inform之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。]
6．(2017·开封市一模)More tourists are expected to travelling around Tibet in the
second half of this year.
travelling→travel [expect sb. to do sth.期望某人做某事，变为被动语态后不定式作主语补足语。]
7．(2017·青岛市模拟)As for me, I am looking forward to spend this precious time
with my family before I leave for my college.
spend→spending [look forward to中的to为介词，后应跟动词ing形式作宾语。]
8．(2017·沈阳市模拟)First, talk to someone you trust is a good way of letting your
anger out without hurting others or yourself.
talk→talking [is前为句子的主语，应改为动名词形式作主语。]
9．(2017·河北定州中学模拟)With Teachers' Day draw near, I would like to express
my thanks to Ms. Li, who taught me English last year.
draw→drawing [with复合结构中，Teachers' Day与draw为主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。]
10. (2017·邯郸市模拟)On the other hand, his spoken English is so excellent that he
has no difficulty communicate with you in English.
communicate→communicating [have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难，故communicate改为communicating。]
感悟与反思：非谓语动词错误主要有两种情况：①非谓语动词错用：应根据非谓语动词的功能及所作成分来判定用哪种非谓语动词。一般来说，不定式表示尚未发生，动词-ing形式表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。②误将非谓语动词用作谓语动词。
错误4——助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气有误
1．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.
chose→choose [情态动词后跟动词原形，chose的原形是choose。] 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.
去掉can或can→should [suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。] 3．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)We must found ways to protect our environment.
found→find [情态动词后跟动词原形，found的原形是find。] 4．(2015·四川高考)If you are me, would you talk to them?
are→were [根据语境，此处是对现在事实的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时。]
5．(2017·青岛市模拟)It is high time that we prevent drunk driving.
prevent→prevented或prevent前加should [在it's time that ...句式中，that从句的谓语动词用一般过去时或should＋动词原形。]
6．(2017·石家庄市一模)Whenever I made mistakes and felt discouraged, my teacher
and my classmates would help me figure out how I must have avoided them.
must→could [根据语境可知，该句表示“过去本能够做但却未做”，故用could have done。]
7．(2017·成都经开区实验高级中学模拟)Therefore, we strongly suggested that
similar events held more and more in the future!
held前加be [suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，其被动语态为(should) be done。] 8．(2017·成都市模拟)In my opinion, by doing parttime jobs, college students must
gain some social experience and broaden their outlooks.
must→can [根据语境可知，此处表示通过做业余工作能够获得社会经验，而不是一定获得。]
9．(2017·蚌埠市模拟)However, it's high time that immediate measures must be taken.
must→should [在it's time that ...句式中，that从句的谓语动词可用should＋动词原形，其被动结构为should be done或过去时。]
10．(2017·银川一中二模)I suggest that our school must take measures to encourage
more students to take part in sports.
must→should或去掉must [suggest在此处表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句时用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“(should)＋动词原形”，should可省略。] 感悟与反思：助动词、情态动词和虚拟语气错误主要有三种情况：①助动词缺失：助动词可以帮助构成疑问句、否定句、部分倒装句等。②情态动词的错用：应熟记情态动词的基本含义及用法，表示对现在的推测其构成是“情态动词＋动词原形”，表示对过去的推测其构成是“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”。③虚拟语气中动词的形式受时态的影响而导致错用，应熟记不同句式中虚拟语气的不同应用。 错误5——特殊句式有误
1．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.
They→There [句意：上午有三节课，下午有两节课。此处为there be结构。] 2．(2017·遵义市模拟)A city, whether big or small, should be clean. Only when we
live in a clean city we live a happy life.
第二个city后加can [only加状语从句开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装，根据句意可知，需要加can构成部分倒装。]
3．(2017·江西省重点中学协作体联考)Not only our parents give us life, but they also
give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow.
Not only后加do [not only位于句首其后的句子用部分倒装，此处缺少助动词，故在not only后加助动词do。]
4．(2017·烟台市模拟)Not until 5 p．m. we set off back unwillingly.
we前加did [not until开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装。此处缺少助动词，故在we前加did。]
5．(2017·汕头市模拟)It is working in teams instead of on my own which has freed
me from trouble and made my work more efficient.
which→that [本句是强调句型，其构成为it is＋被强调部分＋that/who ...
故which改为that。]
6．(2017·淮北市模拟)As you can see, which was sharing with my friend that helped
me out of that dark time and brought back my confidence.
which→it [本句是强调句型，其构成为it is＋被强调部分＋that/who ...
故which改为it。]
7．(2017·淮北市模拟)Only in this way they become useful to society and enjoy a
colorful life in the future.
way后加can [only加状语开头的句子其后的主句应用部分倒装，根据句意可知，需要加can构成部分倒装。]
8．(2017·江西省名校联盟质检)Therefore, it was no need for me to move.
it→there [there is no need (for sb.) to do sth.是固定句式，意为“没有必要做某事。”]
9．There have several advantages if you consult the persons you trust.
have→are [句意：如果你求教所信任的人会有一些好处。此处为there be结构。]
10．Oh, what I missed you that day! Anyway, please send me to your parents.
what→how [此处为感叹句，修饰动词用how。]
感悟与反思：特殊句式错误主要有四种情况：①强调句型的错用，主要是it和that
的错用。②倒装句助动词的缺失。③There be结构中there与it的错用，误把there be用成there have。④感叹句中how与what的错用。
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