宾语从句 （M8--10）
一、定义
放在动词后面作宾语的句子，我们称为“宾语从句”。 二、句式构成
宾语从句在主从复合句中做主句的宾语成分，而从句本身是一个完整的句子，
其结构通常是：连词（引导词）+ 主语+谓语。引导词位于从句的句首，从句必须使用陈述语序。 三、分类
根据句子表达意义的肯定与否定，宾语从句可以分为三类： that引导的宾语从句（M8）； whether/if 引导的宾语从句（M9）；特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（M9）。
四、宾语从句的类型 1. that引导的宾语从句
当谓语动词表示肯定的概念，如“认为”“知道”“相信”“知道”等，后面的句子用that引导。 that 没有任何词汇意义，只具备语法功能，多数情况下可省略。
注： 并非所有的动词后都可接that引导的宾语从句，必须为陈述性动词。
2. whether/ if 引导的宾语从句。 Whether/if 意为“是否”，故表达不确定的概念时用其来引导宾语从句。 主句的引述动词表示不确定的概念，如“问”“想知道”等，宾语从句用whether/if引导，引导词在从句中不做任何句子成分，但不可省略。（that可省略） e.g. Could I ask if/ whether you ‘ve mentioned this to her? Whether和if 一般情况下可以互换，但注意whether…or not句式，以及引导词为介词情况。
3. 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句还可以由特殊疑问词what, which, who, where, when 等引导。 疑问词在从句中有实际意义，充当句子成分，因此不能省略。 e.g. I asked why she smiled at me that day. Could you tell me how she’s different? 疑问词引导的宾语从句，一定要使用陈述句语序。
五、宾语从句的时态问题 1. 宾语从句的时态要与主句的时态一致
主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句 一般现在时 根据句子表达的实际 一般过去时 相应时态的过去时态 （时间推前） e.g. The manager asks why he want a job in radio./ how he will go to the park.
The manager asked why he wanted a job in radio. / how he would go to the park. 2. 语法特例：
从句时态不受主句限制的情况：
a. 从句表示的是客观事实、科学真理、名言俗语等
e.g. The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun. b. 从句中有具体的过去时间状语，则使用一般过去时。
e.g. He said that he was born in 2000.
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八年级下册宾语从句专项训练
一、选择题
1．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow． A．when does he come B．how will he come C．if he comes D．whether he'll come 2．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A．what B．how C．whether D．where
3．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？ A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended 4．I want to know _________ ．
A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking
C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after 5．Do you know where _________ now？
A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live 6．Do you know what time _________ ？
A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
7. He said ________ she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk. A. that B. where C. which D. what 8. A: Could you tell me ________? B: I'm not sure. A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day
C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 9. Mr. King didn't know ________ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home B. when his son comes home C. when did his son come home D. when his son came home 10. The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ________ Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. which 11. I wonder ________ you would like to come to my birthday party. A. that B. whether C. that if D. that whether 12. Do you know ________ during the coming holiday?
A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did 13. The teacher told us that light ________ much faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. would travel D. had traveled
14. Do you know if ________ back next week? If he ________ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come 15. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you were free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring 16. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
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17. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car 18. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for
二．按要求转换句型
1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？ 2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
4．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写） They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework． 5．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
三、同义句转换
1. Jim said: “The fastest way to travel is by plane.”
Jim said ___________ the fastest way to travel ___________ by plane. 2. The teacher said to us: “Spring comes after winter.”
The teacher _________ _________ _________ spring _________ winter. 3. He can’t work out the problem. I believe.
I _________ _________ _________ _________ work out the problem. 4. How can we get to the plane? I don’t know.
I don’t know _____________ ______________ _______________ get to the plane. 5. Where did you find the book? Could you tell me?
Could you tell me ____________ ____________ ____________ the book? 6. Who has left for Haikou? Nobody knows.
Nobody knows ____________ ____________ ____________ _________ Haikou. 7. Will you go there by bus? Have you made a decision?
Have you decided ____________ _____________ _____________ there by bus?
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8. Mrs White told Tom that he shouldn’t throw paper on the ground.
Mrs White told Tom ____________ ____________ ____________ paper on the ground. 9. I can’t decide whether I’ll buy that kind of computer.
I can’t decide ___________ ____________ _____________ that kind of computer. 10. The teacher told the boys how to do it.
The teacher told the boys _________ _________ _________ _________ it. 11. The soldiers want to know what place they will go to.
The soldiers want to know ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________.
四、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句
1. These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said ___________ these flowers ______________ from Guangdong. 2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me ___________ light _____________ faster than sound. 3. There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know. Jack didn’t know ____________ there ___________ _________ a meeting in five days. 4. Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know __________ ___________ ___________ ___________ French. 5. Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me __________ the children __________ __________ games. 6. Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet. 7. How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _______ _______ ______ ______ _______ ________ in the picture? 8. Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know ___________ __________ _________ her car 4
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