完形填空题把英语知识与英语运用有机地结合在一起,综合了短文填空和选择填空两种题型的优点,以“完形”的形式考查学生综合应用语言知识的能力,侧重考察学生的阅读理解能力。由于它具有较高的区分度,容易拉开档次,因此,在各类英语考试中。完形填空基本上形成了一种必考的常规题型。
如何做好完形填空题是很值得探讨的。要做好完形填空题,不仅要具有一定的语言知识与阅读能力,而且要能从整个语言段落的内容、组织结构及语言特点出发考虑问题。做到理解全文,理清全文脉络及其逻辑关系。
要想做好完形填空题,应注意从以下几个方面人手。 ①加强基础训练。即加强基础知识和能力的训练。在平时的学习实践中,要有计划。有目的地加强阅读,在实践中感知词的正确运用,词的辨析。搭配及惯用法等知识以培养语感。对文章要学会进行逻辑判断及推理,既要看到表层的意思,更要着重对深层的理解。在练习时,要多选一些比较精的材料,而且体裁要多样化,如果你认为这种题确实难做,不妨多做、多看一些带解析的题,仔细分析每一空是怎样围绕上下语境去选择的。这样分析多了,自己做起题来也就有了悟性。
②通读全文,了解大意。做完形填空题时,应首先快速通读全文,读一遍,就能粗知文章的大概内容。再加上语法分析,逻辑推理,并借助于关键词语所提供的信息以及上下文之间的关系,就能够进一步确切了解短文内容,为确定答案开通道路。这个步骤是不可缺少的,如果不先读全文,只盯住一个句子,就会因为胸无全局而顾此失彼。
③分析句子成分之间的关系。完形填空要求填充词、词组和习惯用语。因此,在做此类题时,要仔细分析词与词之间的关系。句子与句子之间的关系。可以先试放答案,在试放答案时,要把句中的语法关系、了解清楚后才能确定答案。
④复读全文。做完题后,不要急着对答案,而要复读全文。目的是验证所填的答案能否使全文贯通、流畅,是否符合逻辑和语法要求。如果有不通之处,要及时反复推敲,用各种方法鉴别分析,从中修正错误。如果出现模棱两可,犹豫不决的现象,就应仔细观察上下文,争取在上下文中找到蛛丝马迹,有了线索就有了启示,从而也就能够找到正确答案了。
下面以1998年高考英语试题中的一道完形填空题为例。体会完形填空的解题方法和技巧。
阅读下面的文章,然后从26一50各题所给的四个选项中。选出一个最佳答案。
Ella Fant was a middle-agud lady who lived with her on1y son John a small house. She 26 John very much. In her27he couldn’t do anything28.Every morning she would give him breakfast29bed and bring him the papers to30.It isn’t really true that he was too31work一in fact he had tried a few32.First of all he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to33at least six windows.Then he34a bus conductor and on his second35a passenger stole his bag with all the fare collected. He36lost his job as a postman37he sent off all the letters when he should have taken to people’s houses. It seemed that there was38suitable work for him. So he39to join the army. Mre. Fant wes so40about this that she told the41to all her neighboure. “My John is going to be a soldier, ” she said. “He is going to be the best soldier there42was, I can tell you. Then the great day came43he was to march past the palace in the parade (接受检阅的队伍). His44mother travelled to the city early in the morning to be sure of getting a good45in the crowd.
The parade was full of soundand colour. But when John and his46came in sight, some of the people watching47laughing at the one who couldn't keep pace with the others as they marched along. But Ella Fant, who was filled with48.shouted at the top of her voice: “Look at49! They're
all out of50except my John Isn’t he the best!”
26. A. depended on B. waited on C . trusted D.loved 27 . A . hope B. eyes C . head D . belifs 28 . A . wrong B. great C . good D . strange 29 . A . to B. at C . in D. by 30 . A . check B . read C . keep D . sign 31 . A . lazy B . young C . weak D . shy 32. A . ones B. years C . tasks D.jobs 33 . A . rub B. drop C . break D.clean 34 . A . followed B . met C . became D . found 35 . A . day B . try C . route D . chance 36 . A . thus B . even C . once D . only 37 . A . even if B . so that C . because D . though 38 . A . some B . such C . less D . no 39 . A . began B . promised C . mamaged D . decided 40 . A . excited B . worried C . anxious D . curious 41 . A . incident B. change C . news D . matter 42 . A . yet B. ever C . never D .just 43 . A . where B . since C . when D . till 44 . A . proud B . kind C . strict D . lucky 45 . A . time B . position C . experience D. impression 46 . A . neighours B . army officer C.mother D.fellow soldier 47 . A . couldn't help B . shouldn't burst out C . stopped D . kept 48 . A . sadness B . happiness C . surpise D . regret 49. A . them B . those C . that D . him
50. A. sight B . order C . mind D . step
题解:
26.通过其后给出的事实Every morning she would give him breakfast in bed and bring him the papers to read等可以确定正确答案为D, 其它选项均不合题意。
27.答案为选项B, 意为“在她看来”。 28.选项A“wrong”的语境为“(在她看来)他不可能做任何错事”.意为“在她看来,她的儿子十全十美”。
29.选项B“at”与选项D“by”在这里都表示“在床边”的意思,而且这两个词与选项A“to”与bed连用时都要加定冠词。选项A“in bed”为固定搭配,也符合题意,故选A。
30.paper在此处是”报纸”的意思,所以选项A“read”为最佳答案。 31.通过其后给出的约翰曾当过清洁工、售票员、邮递员,甚至当过兵等事实排除选项B“young”,选项C“weak”,以及选项D“shy”.因为这些选项都与上述事实毫无关系。
32.由后面的材料可知,约翰曾做过一些工作,应选D“job”。
33.此题有一定的难度,关键在于对“managed to do”的理解,通过后面约翰什么事都做不好,可以判断他在当清洁工时一周就打破了六扇窗户。“managed to do something(设法做了某事)在这里表示这件事的罕见程度,含有对约翰的嘲讽意味。
34.选项A表示“跟随”,选项B表示“遇到”,选项D表示“发现”,均不合题意,
所以选C“成为、做”。
35.应选A,意为“第二天”。其它选项不合题意。
36.选项C与选项D跟文意相去甚远,如果用选项A“thus”的话,句子的顺序应改为He sent off all the letters when he should have taken to people’s house. He thus lost his job. 故最佳选择应是选项B。
37.选项C为约翰失去工作的直接原因。选项A和选项D都含有让步的意思,所以都排除掉。此外,题干中sent off意思为“邮寄”。
38,通过约翰一连串失败的事实,可以确定正确答案为D。 39.应选D选项,“decide to do something”的意思是“下定决心做某事”。
40.通过后面Mrs. Fant将此消息告诉所有邻居,及其表现,可知她非常兴奋,故选A。 41.通过其后Mrs. Fant对邻居说的话“My son is going to be a soldier”,可以确定C为正确答案。
42.there ever was为一定语从句,意为“曾经有过的”。ever与过去时连用可以表示完成时。
43.“When”引导一个定语从句,修饰先行词“day”。
44.选项A“kind”(亲切的)。C“strict”(严格的)、D“lucky”(幸运的)都不合题意,所以不选。
45.get a good position意为“(在人群中)得到一个好位置”。 46.选项D“fellow soldiees”.意为“战友”。
47.选项D“couldn’t he1p(doing something)”意为“情不自禁地做某事”。
48.通过文章给出的事实如(1)She loved John very much.(2)In her eyes he couldn’t do anything wrong等,很自然地确定选项B。
49.答案为选项A,可以从其后跟的句于的主语“They”找到依据。 50.选项A意为”消失”,选项B意为“坏了,不合规定”,选项C意为“不想„„”,都不合题意。选项D“(out of)step”意为“脚步不齐,步调不一致”,为正确答案。
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