一般现在时
【定义】
一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作、存在的状态或习惯性的动作。即描述我们日常生活中的衣食住行等活动。 【用法】
(1) 在实际应用中,一般现在时常与以下时间状语联用:
always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyweek(day,year,month,onceaweek,onSundays…… 例句:HeusuallyplaysfootballonSundays. (2)没有时间状语,可以分以下四种类型:
A.be型 这一类型由be动词+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语,表示主语的个性、特征或状态。这时I用am。you,we,they复数用are。he,she,it,单数用is如: ①Iamastudent.(主语+be动词+名词) ②Theyarehungry.(主语+be动词+形容词) ③Heisout.(主语+be动词+副词) ④Thatpenismine.(主语+be动词+代词)
B.do型 do型由行为动词充当谓语,表示经常性或习惯性的动作, 其构成:主语是:I,you,,复数
肯定句:I,you,,复数+动词原形+其它
否定句:I,you,,复数+don’t+动词原形+其它 一般疑问句:Do+主语+动词原形+其它
肯定回答:Yes,主语+do.否定回答:No,主语+don’t. 主语是:he,she,it,单数
肯定句:He,she,it,单数+动词第三人称单数形式+其它
否定句:He,she,it,单数+doesn’t+动词原形+其它 一般疑问句:Does+he,she,it,单数+动词原形+其它
肯定回答:Yes,主语+does.否定回答:No,主语+doesn’t.
C.therebe型 therebe型句子表示“某地存在…”,其构成为“therebe+主语+其他”,表示客观事实。用法遵循“就近原则”,即主语是单数或并列主语中的第一个主语是单数,则用thereis;主语是复数或并列主语中的第一个主语是复数,则用thereare。如:
(1)Thereisaneraserontheteacher'sdesk.(主语aneraser是单数)
(2)Thereisanorange,fiveapplesandeightbananasinthebag.(并列主语中的第一个主语anorange是单数)
D.情态动词型 情态动词型句子的构成为“主语+情态动词+动词原形”,情态动词和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人对所叙述的动作或状态的看法。如: ①HecanspeakalittleEnglish.(can+speak) ②MayIhaveabook,please(may+have)
【练习】
一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(Be动词)
一般现在时中的be动词有四中形式:amisarebe 其中:am用于一人称主语I之后,构成Iam…句型。 is用于三人称单数主语she,he,it或单个的人和物之后,构成She/He/Itis…句型。 are用于二人称you或复数主语we,they之后,构成You/We/Theyare…句型。 be为该动词的原形,用于情态动词can,may,must…之后或用于祈使句中。 如:Becareful!当心! (be)ahard-workingstudentatschool. (be)TomandSaminthesameclass (be)veryinteresting.
(be)apen,tworulersandsomebooksonthedesk. (be)veryfriendlytome. (benot)fromthe
(be)thereanytreesandapoolintheyard (be)ateacher.
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(情态动词)
情态动词有can“能够,可以” may“可以” must必须+动词原形(不需变化) should应该 (cook)foodwell. (stay)athomenow (do)forhisparents
’t__________(sing)anEnglishsong.
(perform)balletatKangkang’sbirthdayparty. (help)herparentsdosomehousework. 三、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(实义动词)
主语(一,二人称或三人称复数)+动词原形 主语(三人称单数)+动词三人称单数形式(动词s/es) 否定句中(don’t,doesn’t)+动词原形 疑问句中(Do,Does+主语)+动词原形 (take)atalkaftersupper. (go)toschoolbybike. (like)readingstorybooks (have)today (watch)TV (live)now
(lose)theirlivesintrafficaccidents. ’t__________(get)upearlyinthemorning. (have)aniceschoolbag. (sleep)lateatnight. 四、 句型转换。(Be动词)
否定句:直接在be动词之后加not。 疑问句:将be动词提到主语之前。 .(变否定句)
She____________________abluedress. .(变一般疑问句)
____________________fromQijiang (否定回答)
No,____________________. .(变一般疑问句)
__________hisparents__________workers .(对划线部分提问) ____________________ontheshelf 五、 句型转换。(情态动词)
否定句:直接在情态动词之后加not。 疑问句:将情态动词提到主语之前。 .(变否定句)
Mymother____________________speakalittleEnglish. .(变一般疑问句)
____________________becarefulwhenwecrossthestreet (作肯定和否定回答) Yes,____________________. No,____________________. .(对划线部分提问) What__________Tom__________ 六、 句型转换。(实义动词)
否定句:三人称单数主语+doesn’t+还原动词 其他主语+don’t+动词 疑问句:Does+三人称单数主语+还原动词 Do+其他主语+动词 .(变否定句)
They__________often__________thepianolouldy. .(变一般疑问)
__________Jim__________Englishwell Sichuan.(对划线部分提问)
What__________she__________verymuch (作肯定回答)Yes,________,__________. .(变否定句)
Sheusually____________________anycookingintheevening. .(变一般疑问句)
__________you__________todoanyshopping .(对划线部分提问)
What__________Tomoften__________atnight .(对划线部分提问)
What__________theysometimes__________intheevening
现在(正在)进行时
【定义】现在(正在)进行时表示说话的瞬间正在进行或发生的事情。
标志词:now,look,listen,rightnow,atthe/thismoment,at+钟点
【结构】主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的-ing形式。 肯定句形式: I+am动词ing.如:Iamreading(read)aninterestingstorybooknow. She/He/It+is动词ing.如:Tomisreading(read)aninterestingstorybooknow. We/You/They+are动词ing.如:Theyarereading(read)aninterestingstorybooknow. 否定句形式: 直接在be(am,is,are)之后加not,其余照抄。 如:Iamnotreading(notread)aninterestingstorybooknow. Tomisn’treading(notread)aninterestingstorybooknow. Theyaren’treading(notread)aninterestingstorybooknow. 一般疑问句: 直接将be(am,is,are)提到主语之前,其余照抄。 如:IsTomreading(read)aninterestingstorybooknow Aretheyreading(read)aninterestingstorybooknow 特殊疑问句:首先分析划线部分的意思,确定用哪个疑问词
(what,where,who,when,which,whose,how,howmany,howmuch,whatshape,whatcolour,what…doing,where…going,what…do),然后再将原句变为一般疑问句形式(即将be动词提到主语之前,其余的不变)。
如:WhattimeisTomreading(read)aninterestingstorybook Wherearetheytaking(take)pictures 现在进行时的时间标志短语汇总:
现在(正在)进行时常与一些固定的时间短语搭配使用:
① now“现在”如:Jimisplayingsoccernow. ② Look!Listen!“看啊!听啊!”如:Look!. rightnow=atthemoment“此刻”如:
Themonkeysareclimbingupthetreesatthemomnet. ③ Whereis…问题的回答,暗指说话的时候。 如:—Whereisyourmom,Tom —Oh,sheiscookinginthekitchen. ④ 前面早就阐明是现在的短文中。 【练习】
一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。 (watch)TVnow. (run).
(do)now (sleep)
(listen)tomusicYes,Iam.
,MissChen___________football.(play) (wait)foryouoverthere. (have)atest.
,someone___________(sing)intheclassroom. 10.——WhereisZhangYan
——She___________(talk)withherteacherintheteacher’soffice.
(draw)apicturenow. 二、 句型转换。
!Lilyisdancing.(改为一般疑问句)
________________________________________________ .(改为否定句)
________________________________________________ .(对划线部分提问)
________________________________________________ .(改为否定句)
________________________________________________ .(就划线部分提问)
__________________________________________________ 三、 根据中文提示完成句子:
1.小花不是在写作业,她在画画。 .
2.今天李老师穿着一件红色的连衣裙。 MissLi__________________areddresstoday. 3.你爷爷在看报纸吗
_________yourgrandpa_________thenewspaper 和Jim在做什么
__________________TomandJim_________ 5.他们是在打篮球还是在打排球
_________they________basketball_________volleyball
一般现在时、现在进行时综合练习
一、写出下列动词的三单形式和现在分词
三单现在分词三单现在分词三单现在分词三单现在分词 buy______________fly____________plant_____________study_____________
drink___________play____________go_____________make_____________
do_____________dance____________worry_____________ask______________
taste___________eat___________read________put________________
let____________run______________keep____________have______________
find___________get__________eat____________ring_______________
write____________sleep______________give____________stop_____________
二.用正确的动词形式填空
1. Thechildrenare___________(run)therenow. 2. -I________upathalfpastsixthismorning.(get)
-Myfatheralways__________(come)backfromworkverylate.
3. Listen!Who__________(sing)(sing)there.
4. -______you_________(have)anycolorpens-Sorry,Idon’thaveany. 5. Shelikeseggs,butshe__________________(notlike)bread. 6. Mymother(tell)meastoryeverynight.–
7. –Howmuchmeat________you___________(want)-Akilo,please. 8. Someone__________(be)inthenextroom.
9. There__________(be)apenandtwoerasersinthepencil-box. 10.Youmust_________(get)hereattwothisafternoon. 11.Wemust__________(help)theteachercarryit. 12.Who__________(teach)youEnglishinyourschool 13.(sleep)fivehoursaday.
14.Look!Thebus____________________(come). 15.She_____(go)toschoolfromMondaytoFriday. 16.What_______he_________(like)
17.He__________(teach)Englishinamiddleschool. 18.Youalways(do)yourhomeworkwell. 19.–What________she___________(do)
-She_______________________(clean)herroomnow. 20.(drink)tea.
21.Hecan___________(sing)thissong.
22.Let’s___________(help)mymother___________(cook). 23.IthinkLiLeimust______________(be)atschool. 24.There__________(be)somebreadandmeatonthetable.
25.Listen!She__________(sing)anEnglishsong. 26.LiuYing_______________(study)inBeijingthesedays. 27.They_____________________(clean)thefloornow. 28.Look!He___________________(drink)tea.
29.HanMeimeioften____________(play)gamesafterschool. 30.What__________thegirls__________(do)overtherenow 31._______yoursister________(know)English (come)from (watch)TVathome.
______(have)eightlessonsthisterm.
(be)yousittinganddrinkingtea (be)singing. (clean)theroom.
!Lucy____________(fly)akitewithLily. (speak)ChineseandEnglish. (do)
(look)likehermother. (not)thinkso. (play)cardsnow.
!Who_____________(sing)intheclassroom (have)agoodfriend. (do)yourfriendcomefrom (live)inthecity. (have)amapofChina.
(teach)themEnglisheveryday. (have)aroundface. (sound)verygreat. (notlike)opera. (sing)Japanesesongs. (swim)intheriver. (do)atweekends
(walk)toschooleveryday.
(not/water)theflowersnow.
75.—______Helen____________(wash)clothes—Yes,sheis.
78.-Whatday_____(be)ittoday-It’sSaturday.
79..Myfatheralways__________(come)backfromworkverylate. (have)luncheveryday
(do)nowI___________(eat)bread. ’snineo’(work)intheoffice.
,theboy______________(put)therubbishintothebin. (clean)theclassroomNo,heisn’(play). (run)onthegrass.
三.句型转换 .(同上)
_________thetwins_______toschoolonfooteveryday .(变否定句)_____________________________ .(变一般疑问句)____________________ .
否定句:Maryusually_______________gameswithhergrandparents. 一般疑问句:______Maryusually________gameswithhergrandparents 特殊疑问句:Maryusually .
否定句:They______________theirhomework. 一般疑问句:______they________theirhomework 特殊疑问句:____________they_______ .
否定句:Maryherhomeworkwell. 一般疑问句:Maryherhomeworkwell .(用tonight改写句子) Itomymothertonight. 四、 单句改错
1. Doesheenjoyslisteningtomusic
2. Theboyhasapartyathomenow.
3. Hespendsmuchtimereadingbooklastweekend.
4. Lindacanhelpshismothercleantheroom. 5. Someonearelookingatyou.
一般过去时
【定义】
一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生过了的动作或存在过的状态。即描述已经发生过了的事情。
【时间标志性词】yesterday,
thedaybeforeyesterday,in2010,(threedays)ago,last(night,month,year,weekend),justnow,另一般过去时也表示经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。例如:
Ialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年我通常走路去上学。
【用法】
A.be型 这一类型由be动词(was和were)+名词、形容词、副词、代词、数词或介词短语等一起构成谓语,表示主语以前或过去的个性、特征或状态。如: ①Iwasastudenttenyearsago.(主语+be动词+名词) ②Theywerehungryjustnow.(主语+be动词+形容词)
③Thebikewasunderthetreeyesterday.(主语+be动词+介词短语) ④ItwasrainylastSunday. ⑤TheywereveryhappyatKangkang’sbirthdayparty. B.did型 did型由行为动词过去式充当谓语,表示以前做过的某事,其构成为“主语+动词过去式动词”。如:
①IknewhimwhenIwasyoung.②Hebelievedmeatthattime.
C.therebe(was/were)型 therebe型句子表示“某地曾经存在…”,其构成为“therebe(was/were)+主语
+其他”。用法遵循“就近原则”, D.情态动词型 情态动词型句子的构成为“主语+情态动词过去式could+动词原形”,情态动词过去式和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示主语过去或曾经能做的事情。如: ①HecouldspeakalittleEnglishlastyear.(could+speak) ②Whatcouldshedowhenhewasten.
【练习】
一、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(Be动词)
一般过去时中的be动词有两种形式:was和were 其中:was用于单数主语之后,构成I/she/he/Itwas…句型。 were用于复数主语和二人称you之后,构成You/We/Theywere…句型。 (be)alittlegirlatthattime. (be)youborn (be)borninCuba. (be)verycold.
(be)veryhappyatKangkang’sbirthdaypartyyesterday. (be)thedatethedaybeforeyesterday (be)youathomeamomentago (be)yourparentslastSaturday
(benot)inChongqinglastmonth. (be)theweatherthismorning
二、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(情态动词)
情态动词can的过去式为could,无人称变化。 (can)speakChinesewellwhenshewasonlyfive. (can)theydancethediscolastyear (cannot)sleepwelllastnight. (can)youdojustnow
三、 用所给词的适当形式填空。(实义动词)
首先根据句中提供的时间短语确定是否该用过去式。 然后判断该动词是属于规则动词还是不规则动词。 规则动词直接加ed,不规则动词则需强化记忆。 (like)’t.
(watch)TVlateyesterdayevening. (clean)upourclassroomamomentago. (have)anybreadthismorning (do)thedaybeforeyesterday (go)tovisittheGreatWalllastyear. 四、 句型转换。(Be动词)
否定句:直接在was/were后加not。 疑问句:将was/were提到主语之前。 .(变为一般疑问句)
__________you__________inasmalltown
.(变为否定句)
Sam____________________littleboyatthattime. .(对划线部分提问)
____________________hisfriendsjustnow (作否定回答)
No,____________________. Chongqing(作肯定回答) Yes,____________________. 五、 句型转换。(情态动词)
肯定句:直接在could后加not. 疑问句:将could提到主语之前。 .(变一般疑问句)
__________you__________Englishsongswhenyouwerefive .(变否定句)
Theboy____________________abikelastyear. .(对划线部分提问)
What__________they__________yesterday (作肯定回答)
Yes,____________________. 六、 句型转换。(实义动词)
否定句:didn’t+还原动词 疑问句:Did+主语+还原动词 Sichuan.(变否定句)
I____________________toSichuanwithmyfriendsduringsummerholidays.
’sbirthdayparty.(变一般疑问句)
__________she__________apoematKangkang’sbirthdayparty .(变否定句)
They____________________theirhomeworkhalfanhourago. .(对划线部分提问)
What__________Tom__________yesteray .(变一般疑问句)
__________Jim__________manypicturesinwinterholidays (做否定回答)
No,____________________. (对划线部分提问)
Who__________they__________well .(对划线部分提问)
What__________you__________todoyesterdayevening
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