Suffix and prefix

Suffix and prefix

What are suffixes?

Suffixes are letters added to the end of words. They change the part of speech of a word and prefixes change the meaning of a word.

Questions: what do suffixes change, the part of speech of a word or the meaning of a word?

Eg: absent: adj. not present

absentee: n. a person who is absent

1. –ize: v. to cause to be, to become -ize[Ame] -ise[Bri]

n.+ ize---verb adj+ize---verb

memorize modernize familiarize apologize socialize Americanize visualize 想象，设想

2. –ly: adv. / adj. :in the manner of , this word tells how

slowly: in a slow manner carefully: in a careful manner

correctly: in a correct manner

n.+ly--- adj---friendly, motherly 母爱的，慈祥的, brotherly 兄弟的，友爱的,orderly

wifely, sisterly

eg: Mrs Huang is a motherly old teacher.

adj+ly---adv---clearly， differently

adv.modify verb and adjective

exercises: 1)The president and vice president have different opinions about national defense. They think __________.

2) when you drive in bad weather, you must be careful. It’s always necessary to drive __________.

3. –able/ -ible: adj. capable of , can,be able to

-able 是派生词缀（加在单词后面）

capable movable breakable fashionable adjustable answerable avoidable exchangeable replaceable unbearable reasonable marriageable reliable--- that is able to be relied on laughable--- fit to be laughed at

-ible 是构词词缀（加在词根后）incredible divisible audible visible

Exceptions: expressible , comprehensible

4. –ion/ -tion/ -sion/ -ation/ -ition: n. the action or process of

They are the positional variants of the same suffix.They do not differ in meaning or function but show a slight difference in sound depending on the final phomeme of the preceding verb

1) sound /t/ ---- ion

2) verbs ending with consonants other than /t/, take –tion

3) verbs ending in-ify and –ize , take- ation

justify-justification qualify-qualification modernize- modernization

4) verbs ending in –d, de-, or –mit , take –sion or -ssion

exerceses: add the appropriate suffix to the following verbs and make nouns.

expand decide omit pronounce explain invite

emit permit apply determine liberate prepare relate qualify

relate separate discribe subscribe