词汇拓展 1. __________ (adj.)和平的___________ (adv.)和平地_________ (n.)和平 2. _________ (adj.)轻松的__________ (v.)放松____________(n.)轻松 3. __________ (adj.)充满压力的__________ (n.)压力
4. _________ (vi.)抱怨,投诉 __________ (n.)抱怨,投诉
5. __________紧急的 __________ (v.)催促____________(n.)紧急事情 6. __________个人的___________ (adv.)亲自_________ (n.)个人 7. __________爱交际的,社交的__________ (n.)社会
8. __________组织___________ (n.)组织者g_________ (n.)组织 9. __________更喜欢,宁愿__________ (n.)偏爱
10. __________ (n.)志愿者___________ (v.)自愿_________ (adj.)自愿的 11. __________ (vi.)毕业___________ (n.)毕业生_________ (n.)毕业 12. _________ (n.)广告 __________ (v.)登广告
13. _________ (n.)表演_________ (v.)表演________ (n.)表演者 14. __________ (vt.)解决,解答 __________ (n.)解决方法 15. __________] (adj.)拥挤的__________ (n.)人群,一伙人 16. __________ (n.)距离 __________ (adj.)远的
17. __________ (vi.)骑自行车___________ (n.)骑自行车的人
重要词组
1. ___________________ 把开关打开 2. ___________________ 把„„关掉
3. ___________________ 转换频道 4. ___________________ 目前,此刻 5. ___________________ 锻炼身体 6. ___________________ 过„„的生活 7. ___________________ 遥控器 8. ___________________ 在伏案工作 9. ___________________ 从头到尾阅读或干某事 10. ___________________离开,爆炸 11. ___________________ 占据(时间或空间) 12. ___________________ 充满
13. ___________________ 紧急事件 14. ___________________ 为…作好准备 15. ___________________ 有时间娱乐 16. ___________________ 消遣活动 17. ___________________ 向某人抱怨某事 18. ___________________ 忍受;遭受 19. ___________________ 发生 20. ___________________ 减肥
21. ___________________ 无法忍受(做)某事 22. ___________________ 赢得某人支持 23. ___________________ 迎接挑战 24. ___________________ 在„„中心 25. ___________________ 乘地铁
26. ___________________ 在„„方面起很大作用
27. ___________________ 照看,照顾 28. ___________________ 远程学习 29. ___________________ 有机会干某事 30. ___________________ 小学 31. ___________________ 结果 32. ___________________ 想出 33. ___________________ 加入某人做某事 34. ___________________ 做生意
重点句型 1. I’m going to ___________ to the manager ___________ this. 我打算向经理抱怨此事。
2. It __________ him all his money _________ the racing car. 买这辆赛车花了他所有的钱。 3.She _________ too much money _____ her clothes.她花了太多钱在他的衣服上。
4. They took a taxi ______________ they could get to the party on time.他们坐了辆的士以便能按时参加聚会。
5. We _____________________ know the result of the examination. 我们都急不可待地想要知道考试结果。
语法 1 1.一般现在时和现在进行时
2. 一般现在时,现在进行时及be going to表示将来
考点讲练 重点单词
1. suppose vt.认为;猜想 用法
⑴接从句:
We suppose that the situation will improve. 我们认为形势会好转。 ⑵接复合宾语(名词/代词+不定式),其中不定式主要为to be或to have done结构: I had supposed him (to be) very optimistic. 我原以为他很乐观。 ⑶与so和not连用:
—Will he be come? 他会来吗?
—Yes, I suppose so. (No, I suppose not. /No, I don’t suppose so.) 是的,我想他会。(不,我想他不会。)
搭配 be supposed to 应该;supposing that„假如
Everyone is not supposed to spit.每个人都不应该随地吐痰。
Supposing that he does not come, shall we go without him? 假如他不来,我们不带他就走吗? 练习⑴我想他不会来。 ⑵我猜他大约50岁。
(3)我们不能在公共汽车上吸烟。 (4)假如他是凶,谁赤做这项工作?
2.control n.控制, 支配, 管理, 调节, 抑制 vt.控制, 支配, 管理(物价等), *纵, 抑制 搭配 beyond control无法控制 out of control 不受控制 under/in control被控制住 get control over 对„„控制 lose control over 失去控制
He knew it would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他知道,在找到病原之前,疫情无法控制的。
There are many leaders in control of the country present. 出席的有很多管理国家的领导人。 练习用control 翻译下列句子
(1)船长指挥着船和他的船员们。 _____________________________ (2)我努力克制我的脾气。
_________________________________
(3)火势已经得到控制。
_________________________________
(4) 他虽然已经到了退休年龄,但依然大权在握。 __________________________________ (5)一辆卡车在山上失去了控制。
________________________________ (6) 那个老师管不住学生。
_________________________________
3.eager adj. 热心于, 渴望着
用法作表语,接不定式或for/ after/ about 引起的短语,也可作定语。
You’ll find your colleagues very eager to assist you.你会发现你的同事们会很热情地帮助你。 They would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it.他们就坐在那儿,眼巴巴地瞅着汤锅,似乎要把它也吞进肚子。 辨析 eager 和anxious表示“渴望” eager 是积极的渴望。
anxious 是对结果怀有不安的渴望。
Mr Butter was always eager to work.巴特先生总是渴望能工作。
He was anxious to get to know the result of the exam.他十分不安,急于想知道考试结果。
4. complain vi.&vt.抱怨;投诉
搭配 complain to sb. aboutsth. /of sth.向某人抱怨/投诉 complain +that从句
Neighbours complained to the police about/of his making loud noise. 邻居们向警察投诉他制造很大噪音。
He complained that his meal was cold. 他抱怨说饭菜是凉的。
5. suffer
用法⑴ vi. (feel pain, discomfort, great sorrow, etc) 感到疼痛、不适、悲伤等;受苦;吃苦头 ⑵vt. (experience or undergo sth. unpleasant) 经历或遭受(不愉快之事) 搭配 suffer from (尤指长期地或习惯性地)患有(疾病等),因„„而吃苦头 He is suffering from a bad cold. 他在患重感冒。
The peasants had to pay heavy taxes and suffered greatly from hunger. 农民必须上缴沉重的赋税而不得不忍饥挨饿。
Many companies are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff. 许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。 They suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 他们在经济危机时遭受了巨大的损失。 派生:suffering n.(肉体或内心的)痛苦(不可数n.) sufferings pl. 苦难;疾苦
6.prevent v.防止, 预防
搭配 prevent„(from)„阻止„发生
In this way we prevented the spread of this disease. 这样我们就防止了疾病的蔓延.
They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他们把太多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这就使得热量不
能从地球上散发到太空中去. 练习
(1) 当然我们不能阻止你去.
______________________________ (2)那场雨使得我们没有打成网球.
_________________________________ 7. prefer v. 更喜欢 prefer (doing) sth. prefer (sb.) to do sth.
搭配 prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
I prefer walking to cycling. 我愿意步行,不愿意骑自行车。
He preferred to write to her rather than telephone her. 他宁愿写信给她,而不愿打电话给她。
练习⑴我宁愿独自解决这个问题。 ⑵他们的父亲希望他们早点回家。 8. volunteer n. 志愿者
v. 自愿(做、参加等) 搭配 volunteer to do sth.
She works as a volunteer in the hospital. 她在医院里当志愿者。
Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber. 两人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。
练习他自愿为红十字会工作。
9. graduate vi. 毕业vt.(学校)使(学生)毕业 n. 毕业生,研究生 搭配 graduate (in sth.) at/ from sth.
She graduated from Cambridge with a degree in law. 她毕业于剑桥大学,获法学学士学位。 The college graduated 50 students last year. 这所学院去年有50名毕业生。 练习我一年后将高中毕业。 10. prepare v. 准备 preparesth. 准备„„
prepare for sth. 为„„做准备
搭配 prepare sb. forsth. 使某人对„„进行准备 prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
be prepared for sth. 准备好/ 乐意做某事 be prepared to do sth. 准备好/ 乐意做某事
He is preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 他正准备明天** 的演说。
They were preparing for the opening ceremony of the 8th Asia Arts Festival. 他们正忙着筹备第八届亚艺节开幕式。
Are you prepared for the birthday party? 你为生日晚会做好准备了吗? He is not prepared to accept others’ opinions. 他不愿接受别人的意见。
We have to prepare the students for the exam step by step. 我们要一步步使学生为这次考试做好准备。
注意⑴ prepare 和prepare for,前者后面接的宾语为准备的对象,指直接忙着做某事;后者for的宾语表示谓语动作要达到的目的。如:
The teacher has prepared the final exam papers. 老师已经完成了期末考试的命题工作。 The students are preparing for the final exams. 学生正在为期末考试做准备。 ⑵ prepare to do sth. 和be prepared to do sth. ( be ready to do sth.),前者强调动作,意为“为某事做准备”;后者着重状态,表示“已准备好做某事”。如:
The Greens are busy preparing to go on holiday. 格林一家正忙着准备休假。 These men are prepared to risk their lives. 这些人做好了冒生命危险的准备。
11. proud adj. 骄傲的,自豪的 派生 pride n. 骄傲,自豪
搭配 feel/ be proud of 以„„自豪 take pride in 以„„自豪
Zhou Lan’s parents were proud of the success that she had achieved. 周兰的父母为女儿所取得的成绩而感到骄傲。
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
12. crowded adj. 拥挤的
派生 crowd n. 人群,一伙人vt.挤满 v. 挤 搭配 be crowded with 挤满„„ a crowd of 一群,一堆
The new store is crowded with customers. 这家新开的商店里挤满了顾客。 He pushed his way through the crowd. 他在人群中往前挤。
13.support vt支撑, 扶持, 支持, 支援, 拥护, 维持, 赡养, 忍受 n.支撑, 支持, 支援, 维持, 赡养, 支持者, 支柱 搭配 in support of 支持;证明
Walls support the roof. 墙支撑着屋顶。
The neck is the support of the head. 脖子支撑着头
14.course n. 过程, 经过, 进程, 方针, 路线, 跑道, 课程, 一道菜 搭配 in /during the course of 在„„的过程中;在„„期间
Wars have influenced the course of history. 战争影响了历史的进程。 The course of true love never did run smooth. 好事多磨。
15.depend vi.依靠, 依赖
搭配 depend on/ upon 依赖;相信
He depends on you to help him.他要依赖你的帮助。
Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.未来的数百万年中,生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。 练习
(1)他依靠微薄的收入维持生活。
________________________________
(2)他这人靠得住。
___________________________________ (3)他的幸福取决于他周围的事物。 __________________________________
重要词组
1. at the moment 目前;此刻
Unfortunately, his parents are out of work at the moment. 很不幸,他父母目前都下岗了。 拓展 for the moment 暂时 in a moment一会儿;马上
练习他刚才还在这里。等一会吧,他很快就会回来。 ________________________________________
2. switch on 把开关打开;接通 (= turn on)
At weekends, he often switches on the computer early in the morning and doesn’t switch it off until midnight. 在周末,他一早就把电脑打开,直到半夜才关。 拓展 switch off = turn off 关掉
switch over (to)„转换频道;转变 练习:用含switch的短语翻译下列句子
她转换到中央八台看电视连续剧。_________________
3. do some exercise 锻炼身体 (= take some exercise/do some sports) He wants to keep fit so he does exercise every day. 他想保持身体健康,所以他每天都去锻炼身体。
注意 exercise 表“锻炼、运动”时,作不可数名词用;表“练习、训练”时,作可数名词用。
练习⑴做早*/眼保健*有利身体健康。
4. live/lead a „ life 过„„的生活
Now farmers of China live a much happier life than before. 现在中国农民过上了比以往幸福得多的生活。
拓展 lead a dog’s life 过狗一般的生活(长期忧虑、痛苦或悲伤) die a „death „„地死去
联想 dream a „ dream 做„„的梦 sing a „ song 唱一首„„的歌 smile a „ smile 笑得„„
5. at one’s desk 在伏案工作 (= at desk)
Don’t interrupt him. He is at desk. 别打扰他,他在工作。 辨析 at the desk 在书桌旁 联想 at table 在吃饭
at the table 在饭桌旁
6. go off 突然发出巨响,发出声音;爆炸;(灯等)熄灭
Our neighbour’s car alarm always goes off at midnight. 我们邻居的汽车防盗警报器总是在半
夜响起来。
The bomb went off in a crowded street. 炸弹在熙来攘往的街道上爆炸了。 go against 反对;违反 go ahead 去干吧
拓展 go by 经过,过去
go away 走开,离开
7. take up
用法⑴占据(时间或空间)
⑵开始从事(某种职业、活动等)
Meetings and phone calls take up a large part of the day. 整天会议、电话不断。 The bed takes up too much room. 那张床占据了太多空间。
She took up a job as a teacher thirteen years ago. 她十三年前就开始当老师了。 注意 take up表“占据”时,主语一般是某事情或事物,如果主语是时间或人,应该用be taken up with。如:
Her time is fully taken up with writing. 她的时间都用于写作了。 She’s very taken up with voluntary work at the moment. 她目前大部分时间和精力都用在志愿工作上了。
take down取下;拆除(构造物);记下 拓展 take off 起飞;脱下(衣帽等) take on 呈现(不用于被动语态)
8. be filled with 充满 (= be full of) 例句:Every minute of the day is filled with (full of) urgent matters. 每一分钟都充斥着急待处理的事情。
联想:fill A with B 将B装入/填入A
⑴请将那些花装进篮子里。________________
⑵通往成功之路充满了挑战。____________________ 9. take place 发生
辨析:happen 发生(一般用于偶然性事件,结构:sth. happen to sb.)
break out 发生、爆发(常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生)
take place 发生(常用于事先计划或预先预想到的事物,常可引申为“进行、举行”) 例句:The interview took place in a studio. 面试是在一个演播室进行的。 What finally happened to the boy? 那男孩最后怎样了? Fighting broke out between the two. 双方开始了对战。 注意:happen, break out和take place均不能用于被动语态。 练习:翻译下列句子
在过去的十年里,我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。___________________________________________ 10. can’t stand sth./ doing sth.无法忍受„„
She can’t stand having nothing to do. 没事干,她受不了。
注意 stand表示“忍耐、忍受”时,通常用于否定句或疑问句中。 联想 can’t bear sth./ doing sth.无法忍受„„
put up with 忍受
练习那个男孩不能忍受被别人看不起。 ________________
11. need to be done 需要„„
The flowers need to be watered.= The flowers need watering. 这些花需要浇水。
注意 need 作行为动词,表示“需要”时,后面可接不定式和动名词,接不定式时需要用其被动形式。如用动名词,则用动名词的主动式表达被动意义。类似的词有:require, want, demand等。
练习:翻译下列句子
这些小树需要悉心照料。_____________________ 12. to tell the truth 说实话,老实说
To tell the truth, I don’t really like the present. 说实话,我并非真的喜欢这分礼物。
To tell the truth, they didn’t like the idea when they first heard about my plan. 说实话,刚开始听到我的计划时他们并不喜欢。 拓展 in truth 事实上;的确
联想有些短语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分。如:generally speaking,„一般说来frankly speaking, „坦率地说judging from, „根据„来判断considering„考虑到„to be honest,„老实说
练习说实话,我在她讲话过程中睡着了。 ___________________________________
13. act out 将„„付诸行动
The ritual of the party conference is acted out in the same way very year.该党的大会程序年年照行如议。
The children started to act out the whole incident.孩子开始表演整个事件。 拓展 act as担任;充任
an act of God 不可抗力
联想 act 的名词构成的短语有:in action; put in action; take action等。 14. add up合计
Add up your score and see how many points you can get.把你的分数加起来,看看你能得多少分。
Add up all the money I own you. 把我欠你的钱全部加起来。 拓展 add up to总共是;累计是 add to 增加;
add„to„把„„加入到„„
实用句型
1. It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.
sb. spend钱/时间 + (in) doing sth./on sth. 例句:It takes me ten minutes to go to school by underground. 我搭地铁上学需要10分钟时间。 He spends half an hour playing football every day. 他每天踢半小时足球。 I spent fifty yuan on the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。 联想:sth. cost sb. + 钱 sb. pay + 钱 + for sth.
注意:take的主语通常为形式主语“it”或物,表示“占用、花费时间”。
spend的主语通常是人,表示“花费时间,金钱”。 cost的主语必须是某物,表示“花费金钱”。 pay的主语通常是人,表“付款”。 练习:根据汉语意思,完成英语句子 ⑴那本词典花了我二十英镑。
_______________________________. ⑵这项工作花了我两天时间。
_______________________________.
⑶他花三美元买了一个汉堡包。 _______________________________. 2. the first ... to…
例句:I am always the first person to get to the office. 我总是第一个到达办公室。 注意:被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时,该名词用不定式做定语。例如:
They were the last guests to arrive. 他们是最后到达的客人。
I arrived first. The next to come was Tom. 我先到。第二个到来的是汤姆。 He was the only person to know the truth. 他是唯一知道真相的人。 练习:根据汉语意思进行翻译
⑴第一个登上月球的女性______________________ ⑵昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。 _______________________________. 3. find doing sth. + adj.
例句:I find painting or drawing very relaxing. 我觉得画画非常放松。
注意:这个句型其实是“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语(adj. /prep./ v-ing / p.p.)”结构。例如: He finds these comic books interesting. 他觉得这些漫画书有趣。 I often find him at work. 我经常发现他在工作。
He felt sad when he found himself lying in hospital. 当他发现自己躺在医院时,他感到很悲伤。 The next morning I found the fields covered with snow. 第二天早上,我发现地上一片积雪。 练习:根据汉语意思,完成英语句子
⑴他们发现他被刀刺伤了。________________
⑵当我们到达时,我们发现他们在山脚下。________ ⑶警察发现他在屋里死了。_____________________ 4. get+ adj./ done 用法:表示达到或使处于某状态或情况。这里get是连系动词。表状态变化的连系动词还有:become, grow和turn等。
例子:get bored 生厌 get burnt 被烧伤,被烫伤 get changed 换衣服 get drunk 喝醉 get dressed 穿上衣服 get hurt 受伤 get angry 发怒 get thinner 变瘦 练习:根据汉语意思,完成英语句子
雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的。_______________________ 5. so+ adj./ adv.+ that…
例句:Usually, it’s so crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit. 通常地铁很拥挤,以致我找不到座位。
用法:so„ that„引导结果状语从句,作“如此„„以致„„”解。 so+ adj.+ a/ an + n.(单数) + that„
拓展:so+ many/ few/ several + n.(复数) + that„ so+ much/ little + n.(不可数名词) + that„ such+ a/ an + adj.+ n.(单数) + that„ 联想:such+ (adj.)+n. (复数)+ that„ such+ (adj.)+n. (不可数名词)+ that„ 练习:根据汉语意思,完成英语句子
杰克是一位一直很忙的商人,以致他很少有时间和家人在一起。_______________________________.
语法归纳
一般现在时和现在进行时 I. 一般现在时
⒈表示经常或反复发生的动作(惯例、习惯等)。如: He watches soap operas every day.
I leave home for school at 6:50 every morning.
注意:这类句子常与时间状语连用。其中always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, ever, never等频度副词放在be的后面, 行为动词的前面;而every day, every week, from time to time, twice a week等放在句子的开头或结尾。 ⒉表示现在的情况或状态。如:
She loves to get together with her friends. You look beautiful in that new dress. ⒊表示普遍真理、客观事实。如:
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. Guangdong lies in the south of China.
⒋用在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作或状态。如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go there. He will call me when he reaches the city. II. 现在进行时
⒈表示说话时正在发生的动作。如: We are having an English lesson now. They are talking at the moment.
⒉表示现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作。如: The workers are building a new stadium. She’s translating a book.
⒊与always, continually, constantly, forever, all the time等时间副词连用,表示反复发生或习惯性的动作,含有不满、抱怨、厌烦或赞赏等感**彩。如: Why is he constantly asking such a stupid question? Our teacher is thinking of us all the time.
⒋用于hope, want, wonder等少数动词,表示比用一般现在时更加委婉的语气。比较: I hope you can come and have supper with us.
I am hoping you can come and have supper with us. (语气更委婉)
一般现在时,现在进行时及be going to表示将来 I. 一般现在时 表示按规定、计划或时间表肯定将要发生的动作,主要用于come, go, start, begin, leave, return, stop 等瞬间动词,且句中常有表示将来的时间状语。如: The meeting begins at 9:00 tomorrow morning. The plan arrives early in the evening. II. 现在进行时
用于少数一些动词如go(去), come(来), leave(启程), start(开始), arrive(到达), return(返回),die(死), lose(失去)等,表示预计即将发生的动作。如: I’m not going out tonight. I’m staying at home. My brother is getting married next May. III. be going to
表示准备或打算做某事。如:
We are going to go climbing this week. My sister is going to go to Australia in a week.
说明:一般现在时表将来时,其实也是说明一种事实,这件事是肯定会发生的,它的主语一般是物或事情;现在进行时表将来主要指个人的计划、安排,所以它的主语一般是人;be going to表将来则侧重有意图(intention)干某事,只是打算,非详细安排。
语法专练:用动词的正确时态填空
⒈ The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ____________ (arrive).
⒉ Good health ______________ (depend on) good food, exercise, and getting enough sleep. ⒊ -- Where is Mary going to have her birthday party this evening? -- She __________ (have) her birthday party at home. ⒋ He ___________ (leave) for Beijing tomorrow. ⒌ I __________ (study) medicine after school.
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