Section A 3 (Grammar Focus-4c)
一、教学目标： 1. 语言知识目标：
1) 学习掌握下列词汇：fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, ring,
earthquake, sudden, all
of a sudden, bell, biscuit, cookie, musical,
instrument
2）进行一步复习巩固学习Section A 部分所学的生词和词组。 3）进一步学习运用一般过去时态的被动语态。
4) 掌握主动语态变被动语态的方法，并通过不同方式的练习，来熟练运用。
2. 情感态度价值观目标：
培养想象力，善于观察事物。面对难题，用积极的态度去解决，发挥想象力，认识世界，改造世界。 二、教学重难点 1. 教学重点：
1) 学习生词fridge, low, somebody, translate, lock, earthquake, sudden, all of a sudden, biscuit, cookie, instrument 2) 复习巩固Section A 部分所学的生词和词组，达到熟练运用的目的。
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2. 教学难点：
1) 一般过去时态的句子变为被动语态。 2) 综合运用所学的知识进行练习运用。 三、教学过程
Ⅰ. Warming- up and revision
1. Have a dictation of the new words learned in the last class. 2. Review some main phrases we learned in the last class. Check the homework.
3. Let some students tell something about how tea was invented by accident.
Tell something about how tea was invented by accident. One day Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over an open fire. Some leaves from a tea plant fell into the water and remained there for some time.
It produced a nice smell so he tasted the brown water. It was quite delicious and one of the world’s favorite drink was invented. Tell something about Lu Yu and his Cha Jing.
Lu Yu “the saint of tea” mentioned Shen Nong in his book Cha Jing. The book describes how tea plants were grown and used to make tea. It also discusses where the finest tea leaves were produced and what kinds of water were used.
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It is believed that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during 6th and 7th centuries. In England, tea didn’t appear until around 1660. The tea trade from China to Western countries took place in the 19th century. Ⅱ. Grammar Focus.
1. 学生阅读Grammar Focus中的句子，然后做填空练习。 ① 拉链是什么时候被发明的？ ______ _____ the zipper ________? ② 它于1893年被发明。
It ______ _________ in 1893. ③ 它是由谁发明的？
______ _____ it invented ______? ④ 它是由惠特科姆•贾得森发明的。
It _____ _______ _____ Whitcomb Judson. ⑤ 茶叶什么时候被带到朝鲜去的？ _____ ______tea ________ to Korea? ⑥ 茶叶在六到七世纪之间被带到朝鲜。
It _____ _______ to Korea ________the 6th and 7th centuries. ⑦ 热冰淇淋勺用来做什么？
What ____ the hot ice-cream _____ _____? ⑧ 它用于挖很冷的冰淇淋。
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It’s _____ ______ ______ really cold ice-cream. ⑨ 电话机在1876年被贝尔所发明。
The telephone _____ ________ _____ Ale Bell in 1876. ⑩ 贝尔于1876年发明了电话机。
Ale Bell _________ the telephone in 1876. 2. 学生们根据记忆，看大屏幕来完成填空练习。
3. 学生们完成填空试题后，可以打开课本检查答案，对错误的句子，单独进行强化记忆。 Ⅲ. Grammar
一般过去时态的被动语态的构成
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。如： We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 我们昨天打扫了教室。
(主动语态，主语we是clean这一动作的执行者) The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天被打扫。
(被动语态，主语the classroom是clean这一动作的承受者) 一、一般过去时被动语态
一般过去时被动语态的结构为“主语+ was /were +及物动词的过去分词 (+by+动作的执行者).”。如：
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Trees were planted last spring. 去年春天种了树。 1. 肯定句：
主语 + was/were +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
Paper was invented by Chinese people two thousand years ago. 纸是中国人在二千多年前发明的。 2. 否定句：
主语 + was/were not +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他.
Women were not allowed to take part in the games at first. 开始妇女不允许参加奥运会。 3. 一般疑问句：
Was/Were +主语 +及物动词的过去分词 + 其他?
Were these pictures drawn by your sister? 这些图片是由你妹妹画的吗？
二、被动语态的用法：
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者，或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。 e.g. English is spoken all over the world. 全世界都在说英语。
2. 需要突出或强调动作的承受者。
e.g. This dictionary is used by most students. 这本字典是大多数学生在用的。
三、主动语态变被动语态应注意的问题
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1. 有些短语动词相当于及物动词，变为被动句时介词或副词不能去掉。 They put off the meeting because of the weather. The meeting was put off because of the weather. 会议因天气的缘故被推迟了。
2. 含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，通常把指“人”的间接宾语变为主语，指“物”的直接宾语保留不变；如果把指“物”的直接宾语变为主语，则在间接宾语前加to或for。 My aunt gave me an e-dictionary yesterday. I was given an e-dictionary yesterday. An e-dictionary was given to me yesterday.
3. 主动句中感官动词see/hear/watch/feel等和使役动词make/let/have等后跟省略to的动词不定式，变为被动语态时应加上不定式符号to。
I saw a heavy man enter the house. A heavy man was seen to enter the house.
4. 系动词、不及物动词或某些短语动词（happen, take place, come true, fall asleep…）没有被动语态。
What happened to Mr. Brown? 布朗先生发生了什么事？ Ⅳ. Exercises 练一练
将下列句子变为被动语态。
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1. He chose six story books the other day. Si the other day.
2. Uncle Lee gave Jack a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully.
Jack ______ _____ a large cake for he painted the wall wonderfully.
3. A mouse ate half of the cake last night. Half of the _____ ____ by a mouse last night. 将下列句子变为主动语态。
4. Were these machines invented by Edison? _______ Edison _______ these machines? 5. The post card was sent to Linda by Paul. Paul _______ the post card _______ Linda. 6. America was discovered by Columbus. _______ Columbus discovered _________? Ⅴ. Practice Work on 4a:
1. Tell students to read the sentences in 4a and rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 2. 做题方法示例：
（1） ：原句为一般过去时态，原句的谓语动词为sold，宾语为the
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fridge；改为被动语态时，应将the fridge作主语，谓语动词用was sold的形式。
They sold the fridge at a low price. → The fridge was sold at a low price.
（2） ：分析原句的句子结构可知，stole是谓语动词，my camera是句子的宾语；改为被动语态句时，应将my camera作句子主语，谓语动词用was stolen的形式。
Somebody stole my camera from my hotel room. → My camera was stolen from my hotel room.
学生们自主将其他三个句子变成被动语态。
3. 最后，教师与同学们一起校对答案，并对学生们有疑问的地方进行解释，或做出合理的分析。
Where were these photos taken? We were advised not to go out alone.
The book was translated into different languages by different writers.
Work on 4b: Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs in the box.
1. 让学生们阅读方框中的词汇，了解词汇及句子的意思，为进行填词做好准备。
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eat, like, invite, tell, lock, ring, break, bring 2. 认真阅读每个句子，根据上下文确定空格处应填的意思。
3. 逐句进行分析推敲，然后分析句子的时态及语态，用适当的形式填空。 1) You ____________ to the party last night, weren’t you? Why didn’t you go?
2) The earthquake happened all of a sudden, but luckily the villagers ___________ to a safe place.
3) The door ___________ when we arrived, so we ______ the bell. 4) The students ___________ not to eat or drink in class, but Ruby ______ the rule when she started eating a biscuit in science class.
5) The cookies __________ by the hungry kids in less than 20 minutes, and they really _____ them.
4. 最后，通读一遍所有句子，进行综合理解，看句子的意思是否通顺、合理。
5. Check the answers with the students. 1. were invited 2. were brought
3. was locked, rang (前一句中，门是被锁的，故应用被动语态；后一句中，我们去按门铃，是主动语态。)
4. were told, broke (前一句中，学生们是被告诉不要做这些事情，
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故应用被动语态；后一句中，Ruby违反规则，则是主动语态。) 5. were eaten, liked (前一句中，饼干是被孩子们吃掉了，故应用被动语态；后一句中，孩子们喜欢这些饼干，则是主动语态。) Ⅵ. Practice
Work on 4c: Decide whether active or passive forms should be used in these sentences. Write the correct forms in the blanks. 1. 先通读小短文，了解大意。
The telephone ______________ (invent) by Ale Bell. He __________ (born) in 1847. Mr. Bell ________ (work) on the invention of the telephone with Thomas Watson.
In 1875, Mr. Bell _________ (learn) how to send musical notes through an instrument similar to a telephone. Finally, the telephone _____________ (invent) in 1876. The first sentence that _________ (say) on the telephone by Mr. Bell was “Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you.” Today the telephone ________ (use) around the world.
2. 逐句分析每一句话的意思，确定句子主语和谓语动词之间主动或被动关系。
3. 结合句子的时态，填上正确的形式。 4. 复读短文，看是否通顺。 5. Check the answers
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Homework
补全下列主动句变被动句。
1. Jenny put her clothes in the suitcase last night. Her clothes____ ____ in the suitcase last night. 2. The twins sang an English song that day.
An English song ____ _____ ___ by the twins that day. 3. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? ____ a bridge ____ here by them a year ago? 4. They sold out the light green dresses yesterday. The light green dresses ____ _____ _____ out.
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