一、名词复数规则 .............................................................................................................................................. 1 二、一般现在时 .................................................................................................................................................. 1 三、现在进行时 .................................................................................................................................................. 5 四、一般将来时 .................................................................................................................................................. 6 五、一般过去时 .................................................................................................................................................. 7 六、人称代词和物主代词 .................................................................................................................................11 七．情态动词 .................................................................................................................................................... 12 八．形容词的比较级和最高级 ........................................................................................................................ 15 九.There be 句型与have（has） ..................................................................................................................... 19 十．祈使句 ........................................................................................................................................................ 21 十一、怎样对划线部分提问 ............................................................................................................................ 22
一、名词复数规则
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books， bag-bags， cat-cats， bed-beds
2．以s， x， sh， ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses， box-boxes， brush-brushes， watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i， 再加-es，如：family-families， strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v， 再加-es，如：knife-knives， Leaf--leaves 5．不规则名词复数：
man-men， woman-women， policeman-policemen， policewoman-policewomen，
child-children，foot-feet，tooth-teeth fish-fish， people-people， Chinese-Chinese， Japanese-Japanese
1.写出下列名词的复数。
watch _______child _______photo ________diary ______ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry ____ _ peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______ man______ woman_______ paper_______ people________ I _________he _________this ___________she______
child _______ photo ________ diary ______ day________ foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______ box_______ strawberry _____ thief _______ yo-yo ______sandwich ______
二、一般现在时
一般现在时的 be动词 be 动词的用法：
（1） I am,you are,we are,they are,he is ,she is,it is.
口诀：我用am， 你用are， is用在他她它，复数全用are.
（2） 肯定和否定句： I am （not） from London. He is（not） a teacher.
She is（not） in the dining room.My hair is（not） long. Her eyes are（not） small. （3） 一般疑问句： Are you a Chinese？ Yes， I am./No， I am not. Are they American？Yes， they are./No， they aren't. Is the cat fat？ Yes， it is./No， it isn’t.
1.用am， is， are 填空。
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy？ No， I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom？
6. Where _____ your mother？ She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father？
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this？ 10. Whose socks ______ they？
2.用恰当的be动词填空.
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy？ No， I _____ not. 2. The girl______ Jack's sister. 3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher. 5. ______ your brother in the classroom？
6. Where _____ your mother？ She ______ at home. 7. How _______ your father？
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school. 9. Whose dress ______ this？ 10. Whose socks ______ they？ 11. That ______ my red skirt. 12. Who ______ I？
13.The jeans ______ on the desk. 14. Here ______ a scarf for you.
15. Here ______ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves ______ for Su Yang. 17. This pair of gloves ______ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _____ for me. 19. Some tea ______ in the glass.
20. Gao shan’s shirt _______ over there. 21. My sister's name ______Nancy.
22. This ______ not Wang Fang’s pencil. 23. ______ David and Helen from England？ 24. There ______ a girl in the room.
25. There ______ some apples on the tree.
26. _______ there any kites in the classroom？ 27. _______ there any apple juice in the bottle？ 28. There _______ some bread on the plate.
29. There _______ a boy， two girls， three men and ten women in the park. 30. You， he and I ______ from China.
一般现在时的功能：
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态.如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的.
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作.如：I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床. 3.表示客观现实.如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转.
一般现在时的构成：
1. be动词：主语+be（am，is，are）+其它,如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩. 2.行为动词：主语+行为动词+（其它）,如： We study English.我们学习英语.
当主语为第三人称单数（he， she，it，Tom,Amy,the dog…）时，要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”,如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语.
一般现在时的否定句：主语+be not+其它. 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人. 缩写：is not=isn't are not =aren't
一般现在时的一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它? （把Be 提到句首） 如：-Are you a student？ -Yes， I am. / No， I'm not.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句？如：Where is my bike？ 3.行为动词的变化.
否定句：主语+don't（doesn't ）+动词原形+（其它）.如： I don't like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句.如： He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：Do（Does）+主语+动词原形+其它?如： - Do you often play football？ - Yes， I do. / No， I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句.如： - Does she go to work by bike？
- Yes， she does. / No， she doesn't. 4.动词第三人称单数的变化规则：
①一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks， milk-milks
②以s， x， sh， ch， o结尾，加-es，读[iz] ，如：guess-guesses， wash-washes， watch-watches， go-goes
③以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i， 再加-es，如：study-studies 加s或es时，在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音后读[z]。 一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式。
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ wash_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空.
1. He often ________（have） dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _______（be） in Class One. 3. We _______（not watch） TV on Monday. 4. Nick _______（not go） to the zoo on Sunday. 5. ______ they ________（like） the World Cup？
6. What _______they often _______（do） on Saturdays？
7. _______ your parents _______（read） newspapers every day？ 8. The girl _______（teach） us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________（take） a walk together every evening. 10. There ________（be） some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _______（like） cooking.
12. They _______（have） the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______（look） after her baby carefully. 14. You always _______（do） your homework well. 15. I _______（be） ill. I'm staying in bed.
16. She _______（go） to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _______（do） not like PE.
18. The child often _______（watch） TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______（have） eight lessons this term. 20. －What day _______（be） it today？ － It’s Saturday.
三．写出下列动词的第三人称单数.
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ teach_______ 四、按照要求改写句子.
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.（改为否定句）
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 3. She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答）
________________________________________________________
4. Amy likes playing computer games.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答） ___________________________________________________ 5. We go to school every morning.（改为否定句）
_______________________________________________________ 6. He speaks English very well.（改为否定句）
___________________________________________________ 7. I like taking photos in the park.（对划线部分提问）
________________________________________________________ 8. John comes from Canada.（对划线部分提问）
___________________________________________________
9. She is always a good student.（改为一般疑问句，作否定回答） ________________________________________________________ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.（改为否定句）
___________________________________________________ 五、改错（划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上） 1. Is your brother speak English？ __________________ 2. Does he likes going fishing？ __________________ 3. He likes play games after class. __________________ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don't do her homework on Sundays. _________________
三、现在进行时
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作.
2．现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为：主语+be+动词ing+其他.
3．现在进行时的否定句：在be后加not. 主语+be not+动词ing+其他
4．现在进行时的一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首，句后为“？”：Be+主语+动词ing+其他？ 5．现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为：
疑问词+ be+主语+动词ing+其他？ （What,When,Where,How,Whose…） 但疑问词当主语时，其结构为： 疑问词（Who）+be+动词ing？
动词加ing（现在分词）的变化规则：
1．一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2．以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making， taste-tasting 3．假如末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母（重读闭音节），双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running， stop-stopping
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
1.The boy __________________ （ draw）a picture now.
2. Listen！Some girls _______________ （ sing）in the classroom . 3. My mother _________________ （ cook ）some nice food now. 4. What _____ you ______ （ do ） now？
5. Look！They _______________（ have） an English lesson . 6.They ____________（notwater） the flowers now.
7.Look！ the girls ________________（dance ）in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing？ She _________（listen ） to music. 9. It's 5 o’clock . We _____________（have）supper now 。
10.______Helen____________（wash ）clothes？ Yes ，she is . 三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .（分别改成一般疑问句和否定句）
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . （ 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答） _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3．I’m playing the football (in the playground ).（对划线部分进行提问） _________________________________________________________________ 4．Tom is (reading books) in his study . （对划线部分进行提问）
_________________________________________________________________
四、一般将来时
1、概念：
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事.句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow， next day（week， month， year…），soon， the day after tomorrow（后天）等. 2、基本结构：①be going to + do； ②will+ do.
3、否定句：在be动词（am， is， are）l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't. 例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I'm not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
4、一般疑问句： be或will提到句首，some改为any， and改为or，第一二人称互换.
例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend？ 5、对划线部分提问：一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况.
a. 问人Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who's going to New York soon?
b. 问干什么What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?
c. 问什么时候.When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine . →When is she going to bed？ 问在哪里Where…? We will meet at the bus stop at 10：30. Where will we meet at 10:30? 6、同义句：be going to = will。
I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
填空.
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊.
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends. 2.我们将要学习英语.
We _____ _______ _________ learn English. We ________ learn English.
填空.
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干什么？ 我想去打篮球。
What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday？ I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What _________ you do next Monday？ I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗？是，她要去买一些水果.
_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________？ Yes， she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit. 4. 你们打算什么时候见面.
What time _______ you _________ __________ meet？ 5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改为否定句） Nancy ________ going to go camping. 6. I'll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6：30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6：30 tomorrow？ 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10：30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10：30.
9. She is going to (listen to music) after school.（对()部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school？
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.（同上） _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ （have） a picnic this afternoon. 12. My brother _______________ （go） to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________（go） to school on foot. But today is rain. He ______________ （go） to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends？ I usually ________ （watch） TV and ________（catch） insects？ 15. It's Friday today. What _____she _________ （do） this weekend？ She ______________ （watch） TV and _____________ （catch） insects.
16. What ___________ （d0） you do last Sunday？ I ____________ （pick） apples on a farm. What ______________ （do） next Sunday？ I ______________ （milk） cows. 17. Mary ____________ （visit） her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ （fly） kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David ______________ （give） a puppet show next Monday. 20. I ________________ （plan） for my study now.
五、一般过去时
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用.一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作. 2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was.（was not=wasn't） ⑵are在一般过去时中变为were.（were not=weren't）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is， am， are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首.
3．句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子（行为动词）
否定句：didn't +动词原形，如：Jim didn't go home yesterday.
一般疑问句：在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形.如：Did Jim go home yesterday？ 特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形？如： What did Jim do yesterday？
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式？如：Who went to home yesterday？ 动词过去式变化规则：
1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled， cook-cooked。 2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted。
3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped。
4．以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied。
5．不规则动词过去式： am，is-was， are-were， do-did， see-saw， say-said， give-gave， get-got， go-went， come-came， have-had， eat-ate， take-took， run-ran， sing-sang， put-put， make-made， read-read， write-wrote， draw-drew， drink-drank， fly-flew， ride-rode， speak-spoke， sweep-swept， swim-swam， sit-sat
Name _________________Class____________ Score __________ 1.写出下列动词的过去式。
is/am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ put ______ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 2.用动词be的适当形式填空. 1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week. 3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago. 5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year. 6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday. 7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening. 9. I ______ an English teacher now. 10. She _______ happy yesterday.
11. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 3.用行为动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ （watch） a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ （read） a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday， we _____ to the park. （go） 4. ______ you _______ （visit） your relatives last Spring Festival？ 5. ______ he _______ （fly） a kite on Sunday？ Yes， he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ （pull） up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ （sweep） the floor yesterday， but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ （find） in the garden last morning？ She __________ （find） a beautiful butterfly.
Be动词的过去时练习：
一、用be动词的适当形式填空. 1. I ______ an English teacher now. 2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month. 4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends. 5. The little dog _____ two years old this year. 6. Look， there ________ lots of grapes here. 7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited. 二、句型转换.
1. There was a car in front of the house just now.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、 中译英.
1．我的故事书刚才还在手表旁边.
___________________________________________________________ 2．他们的外套上个星期放在卧室里了.
___________________________________________________________ 3．刚才在花园里有两只小鸟.
___________________________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习
一、用be动词的适当形式填空.
1. I ______ （watch） a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ （read） a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday， we _____ to the park. （go） 4. ______ you _______ （visit） your relatives last Spring Festival？ 5. ______ he _______ （fly） a kite on Sunday？ Yes， he ______. 6. Gao Shan _______ （pull） up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ （sweep） the floor yesterday， but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ （find） in the garden last morning？ She __________ （find） a beautiful butterfly.
二、句型转换.
1. They played football in the playground.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、中译英.
1. 格林先生去年住在中国. ________________________________________________________ 2. 昨天我们参观了农场. ________________________________________________________
3. 他刚才在找他的手机. ________________________________________________________ 过去时综合练习
一、 用动词的适当形式填空.
1. It ______ （be） Ben's birthday last Friday. 2. We all ______ （have） a good time last night. 3. He ________ （jump） high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen ________ （milk） a cow on Friday.
5. She likes ______ newspapers， but she ______ a book yesterday. （read） 6. He _______ football now， but they _______ basketball just now. （play） 7. Jim’s mother _________ （plant） trees just now.
8. _______ they ________ （sweep） the floor on Sunday？ No， they _____. 9. I _______ （watch） a cartoon on Monday. 10. We ___________ （go） to school on Sunday. 二、 中译英.
1. 我们上周五看了一部电影. _________________________________________________________ 2. 他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗？是的.
_________________________________________________________ 3. 你们上个儿童节做了什么？我们参观了动物园.
_________________________________________________________ 4. 你上周在哪儿？在野营基地.
_________________________________________________________ 过去时综合练习：
一、用动词的适当形式填空.
1. It _____ （be） the 2nd of November yesterday. Mr White ________ （go） to his office by car. 2. Gao Shan ________ （put） the book on his head a moment ago. 3. Don't ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. （clean）
4. What ____ you ______ just now？ I _______ some housework. （do） 5. They _________ （make） a kite a week ago.
6. I want to ______ apples. But my dad _______ all of them last month. （pick） 7. _______ he ______ the flowers this morning？ Yes， he _____. （water） 8. She ____ （be） a pretty girl. Look， she _____ （do） Chinese dances. 9. The students often _________ （draw） some pictures in the art room. 10.What ______ Mike do on the farm？ He ________ cows. （milk） 二、中译英.
1. 他的朋友在照看他的弟弟. _________________________________________________________ 2. 去年端午节我们没去看了龙舟比赛.
_________________________________________________________ 3. 他在音乐课上拉小提琴了吗？――不，没有.
_________________________________________________________
六、人称代词和物主代词
A．人称代词 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 我 你 他 她 它 I you he she it 主格 me you him her it 单数 宾格 我们 你们 他们，她们，它们 we you they 复数 主格 us you them 宾格
人称代词主格和宾格的区别：主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前（有时候位于than 之后），宾格一般位于动词或介词之后.
一.填写人称代词宾格。
I____it____ we ___she_____he____ you____ they____
物主代词 人称 类别 第一 人称 形容词性物主代词 名词性 物主代词 汉语 第二 人称 单数 复数 第三 人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 my your his her its our your their mine 我的 yours 你的 his 他的 hers 她的 its 它的 ours 我们的 yours 你们的 theirs 他（她、它）们的 物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词.
一.用所给物主代词的适当形式填空。
1. That is not _________ （ I ）kite. That kite is very small， but _________ （ I ）is very big. 2. The dress is _________（ she ）. Give it to _________（ she ）.
3. Is this _________ （you）watch？No， it’s not _________ （ I ） .
4. _________ is my brother. _________ name is Jack. Look！ Those stamps are _________. （ he ）
二.用适当的人称代词或物主代词填空.
1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small， but _________ is very big. （ I ） 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. （ she ）
3. Is this _________ watch？ （you） No， it's not _________ . （ I ）
4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look！ Those stamps are _________. （ he ） 5. _________ dresses are red. （we） What colour are _________？ （ you ） 6. Here are many dolls， which one is _________ ？ （ she ） 7. I can find my toy， but where’s _________？ （ you ） 8. Show _________ your kite， OK？ （they）
9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. （ it ）
10. Are these ________ tickets？ No， ________ are not _________. ________ aren't here. （ they ） 11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom？ That is _________ classroom. （ we ） 12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job？ _________ a nurse. （ she ） 13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. （ he ）
14. Where are _________？ I can’t find _________. Let's call _________ parents. （ they ） 15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat， _________ a tiger！ 16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. （ she ）
17. _________ don't know her name. Would you please tell _________. （ we ） 18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. （ they ）
19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. （ he ） 20. May I sit beside _________？ （ you ）
21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. （ it ） 22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. （she ）
七．情态动词
情态动词 can could may might must should will would 用法 否定式 疑问式与简答 能力（体力，智力，技能） can not / cannot /can’t Can…do…? 允许或许可（口语中常用） do Yes,…can. 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句No,…can’t. couldn’t do 或疑问句中） 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do might not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. Must…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 必须，应该（表主观要求） must not/mustn’t do 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） 应当，应该（表义务责任） should 本该（含有责备意味） do not/shouldn’t Should…do…? will not/won’t do 意愿，决心 Will…do…? 请求，建议，用在问句中would not/wouldn’t do Yes,…will.No,…won’t. would比较委婉 need 需要 必须（常用于否定句和疑问句need not/needn’t do 中） Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 一、
can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 Can you lift this heavy box?（体力） Mary can speak three languages.（知识） Can you skate?（技能）
此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。 I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如： He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain. 2) 表示请求和允许。 ---Can I go now?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow? ---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。 They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。 Can this be true? This can’t be done by him. How can this be true?
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
----Might/ May I smoke in this room? ---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room? ---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
情态动词练习题
1. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
2. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. —It _______ a comfortable journey. A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
3. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _______ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can
4. Johnny, you _______ play with the knife, you _______ hurt yourself. A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
5. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _______ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
6. —When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. —They _______ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need
7. —I stayed at a hotel while in New York. —Oh, did you? You _______ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 8. —Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
—I’m not sure. I _______ go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might
9. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave 10. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he _______ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may
11. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. A. should B. can C. must D. will
12. I wonder how he _______ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
13. When he was there, he _______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might
14. It has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
15. How _______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only a part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
16. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coin. _______ I have a look? —Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should ●答案解析
1. C。“ought to / should have+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做但却没做某事。“…也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”
2. D。“couldn’t have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。 3. C。nearly 暗示“时间不早了”，Jack“按理应当(should)随时(at any moment)”都有可能到达这里。must 语气过强；can 一般不用于肯定推测；need 意义不通，也不用于肯定句。
4. B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may 表示可能性。句意为“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。
5. D。表示过去具体某次“能够”做成某事只能用 was / were able to 而不用could。
6. B。should 表示按理应当，大概。can 一般不用于肯定推测；用 might 语气太不肯定，顾客可能走掉。
7. A。could have done 表示本可以做但却没有做的事。句意为“你本来可以住在 Barbara 那儿的”；而 must have done 只表示有把握的肯定推测，这与前面具有疑问语气的 Oh, did you?不符。 8. D。语境明显提示“我可能(might)要去听音乐会” 。
9. B。表示轻微的责备，句意为“我真的好担心你啊。你当时本不该不说一声就离开家的”。
10. D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not“不可能”，语气太肯定。
11. B。can 表示“可以”。should(应该), must(必须), will(愿意)均不符合语境。
12. D。dare 作行为动词时,一般接 to do，但疑问式或否定式中 to 可以省略，此句有疑问口气。 13. A。would 表示过去的习惯。
14. D。在规章中告诫应考者，在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。
15. A。can 在疑问句中，表示疑惑、怀疑，根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。 16. B。may 表示请求对方允许，即：“我可以做…吗?”
八．形容词的比较级和最高级
1. 在英语中，在表示“比较…”和“最…”时，形容词要用特别的形式，称为“比较级”和“最高级”，原来的形容词称为“原级”。 原级，比较级，最高级
strong强，tronger较强，strongest最强
2. 形容词的比较级和最高级的构成方法如下：
a. 单音节词和少数双音节词以加-er和-est的方式构成： 原级 比较级 最高级
young年轻，younger较年轻，youngest最年轻 old老，older较老，oldest最老
clean干净，cleaner较干净，cleanest最干净 在加词尾时要注意下面的各种情况： 情况
加词尾法
例词
一般情况 以e结尾的词 以辅音＋y结尾的词 以“辅音字母”结尾的词
直接加词尾 加-r，-st
变y为i，再加词尾 将这字母双写再加词尾
small, smaller, smallest large, larger, largest busy, busier, busiest big, bigger, biggest b. 其他词都在前面加more, most构成比较级及最高级： 原级，比较级，最高级
Important，more important，most important Difficult，more difficult，most difficult
Interesting，more interesting，most interesting Useful，more useful，most useful
3. 用比较级时常用than引起一个从句，表示和什么比较： His room is bigger than mine. 他的房间比我的房间大。 She is younger than my sister. 她比我妹妹年轻。 Exercises:
I. 学会下列形容词的比较级和最高级： 原级-比较级-最高级 1. tall-taller-tallest
Strong-stronger-strongest Old-older-oldest 2. large-larger-largest Fine-finer-finest Late-later-latest 3. big-bigger-biggest Hot-hotter-hottest Thin-thinner-thinnest 4. easy-easier-easiest Busy-busier-busiest Happy-happier-happiest
5. valuable-more valuable-most valuable Dangerous-more dangerous-most dangerous
Comfortable-more comfortable-most comfortable Exercise:
写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级： 1. bright 2. fat 3. lazy 4. safe 5. heavy 6. wide 7. high 8. close 9. long 10. dirty 11. sad
12. brave 13. silly 14. beautiful 15. early
16. prosperous 17. interesting 18. delicious 19. difficult
1. 有几个形容词有特殊的比较级和最高级形式： 原级比较级 最高级 good，well：better best bad，ill：worse worst many，much：more most little、few：less least
far：farther；further farthest；furthest old：older elder oldest；eldest
小贴士1：elder和eldest可用来表示兄弟和子女的长幼顺序： my elder sister 我的姐姐 my eldest brother 我的大哥 their eldest son他们的长子
小贴士1：further表示“较远”外，还可表示 “进一步的”；而farther仅表示距离： The farther plants are too cold. 更远的行星太冷。
Do you need any further help? 你还需要更进一步的帮助吗？
2. 双音节词除了以“辅音＋y”结尾的词外，还有以ow, er, le结尾的词，和个别其他双音节词，可以用加词尾的办法构成比较级和最高级： 原级 比较级 最高级
Narrow narrower narrowest Clever cleverer cleverest Simple simpler simplest
Common commoner commonest
3. 也有少数单音节词可以加more和most的办法构成比较级和最高级： 原级 比较级 最高级
Pleased，more pleased，most pleased Tired，more tired，most tired Glad，more glad，most glad Exercises:
I. 写出下面形容词的比较级和最高级： 1. bad 2. good 3. simple 4. common 5. far 6. narrow 7. old
8. little 9. happy 10. many 11. pleased 12. glad 13. much 14. tired 15. careful
16. comfortable
II. 在空格中填入所给形容词的适当形式：
1. She is two year ___ than me. She’s the ___ girl in our class. (young) 2. Bill is ___ than Tom. He’s the ___ of the three children. (old) 3. John is the ___ boy in the class. (clever) 4. Cairo is the ___ city in Egypt. (big) 5. Her bicycle is ___ than mine. (good)
6. My cold is ___ today than it was yesterday. (bad) 7. Tokyo is ___ from Beijing than from Shanghai. (far) 8. This question is ___ than the other one. (simple)
9. This street is ___ than Beijing Road. It’s actually the ___ street in the whole city. (narrow) 10. It is ___ in Hong Kong than in Kunming. (hot) 11. My cold is getting ___. (bad)
12. The ___ man has the ___ leisure. (busy, much) 13.I didn’t have the ___ desire to go to bed. (little) 14. Manchester is ___ from London than Oxford. (far) 15. They made ___ arrangements. (far)
16. I’ll try to make ___ mistakes in future. (few)
包含形容词比较级的句子
1. 包含形容词比较级的句子多带有一个由than引起的状语从句，表示和什么相比，从句中有些词会省略掉：
She is taller than her elder sister. 她比她姐姐高。
This book is in simpler English than the other one. 这本书的英文比另一本容易。 Life was much harder than it is today. 那时的生活比现在苦得多。 Europe has less land than Canada. 欧洲的面积比加拿大小。 They are all younger than me. 他们都比我年轻。
She knows more English than I do. 她的英语比我懂的多。 2. 有时状语从句可以省略：
The weather is warmer today. 今天天气要暖和得多。 Are you feeling better now? 现在你感觉好一点了吗？ I’ll be more careful in future. 以后我要细心点。 Have you got a larger size? 你们有大一点的吗？
I had never seen a better film. 我没看过(比这)更好的电影。 3. 比较级前有时有一个状语修饰：
My sister is two years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小两岁。
Our room is slightly bigger than theirs. 我们的房间比他们的稍微大一点。
This car is a bit more expensive. 这辆车稍稍贵点。 You are an inch taller than Tom. 你比汤姆高一寸。
Your pronunciation is much better than mine. 你发音比我好多了。 4. 比较级的形容词还可以用在某些句型中：
Most cities in China are getting bigger and bigger. 中国大多数城市越来越大。 He read more than ten books last term. 上学期他看了十几本书。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越高兴。 Exercises:
I. 在空格中填入所给形容词的比较级：
1. The new buildings are much ___ than the old houses. (high) 2. You make ___ mistakes than I do. (few) 3. He looked ___ than I had expected. (strong) 4. It is ___ than I thought. (expensive)
5. It’s only 50 per cent ___ than our moon. (large) 6. Elizabeth was four minutes ___ than Jessica. (old) 7. I’m ___ at English than at geography. (bad) 8. ___ late than never. (good)
9. Jim was ill but he is ___ now. (well) 10. The day was growing ___. (hot) 11. Be ___ next time. (careful) 12. It’s ___ under the trees. (cool) II. 把下面句子译为汉语：
1. The town has more than 7,000 people.
2. They spend more and more money on food. 3. She looked no more than sixteen.
4. I saw a tiny man, less than six inches high.
5. I found myself less and less interested in chemistry. 6. No less than a thousand people came to watch the game. 7. The weather is getting colder and colder.
8. The smaller the house is, the less it will cost to heat. 9. Tell them to come to see me ― the sooner the better. 10. I’m feeling a lot better today.
九.There be 句型与have（has）
There be 句型与have， has的区别
1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is； 主语是复数，be 动词用are； 如有几件物品，be 动词根据最靠近be动词的那个名词决定(就近原则).
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not， 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首. 4、there be句型与have（has） 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have（has） 表示某人拥有某物.
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句. 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句. 7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？ How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What's + 介词短语？
一．Fill in the blank with “have，has”or “there is， there are”： 1. I________a good father and a good mother. 2. ____________a telescope on the desk. 3. He_________a tape-recorder.
4. _____________a basketball in the playground. 5. She__________some dresses. 6. They___________a nice garden. 7. What do you___________？
8. ______________a reading-room in the building？ 9. What does Mike___________？
10. ______________any books in the bookcase？ 11. My father_________a story-book.
12. _______________a story-book on the table. 13. _______________any flowers in the vase？
14. How many students____________in the classroom？ 15. My parents___________some nice pictures. 16. _____________some maps on the wall.
17. ______________a map of the world on the wall. 18. David__________a telescope.
19. David's friends___________some tents. 20. ______________many children on the hill. 二．Fill in the blank with “have”or“has”： 1. I_________ a nice puppet. 2. He_________a good friend. 3. They__________ some masks. 4. We___________some flowers. 5. She___________ a duck.
6. My father____________ a new bike. 7. Her mother___________a vase.
8. Our teacher_________ an English book. 9. Our teachers___________a basketball. 10. Their parents___________some blankets 11. Nancy_________many skirts. 12. David__________some jackets. 13. My friends__________a football. 14. What do you__________？ 15. What does Mike__________？
16. What do your friends___________？
17. What does Helen___________？ 18. His brother________a basketball. 19. Her sister_________a nice doll.
20. Miss Li__________an English book.
十．祈使句
定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最常用于表达命令，因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。
祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例：
Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)
Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister.
(对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps.
(走路小心。——警告) Look out!Danger!
(小心!危险!——强烈警告，已如感叹句) Keep off the grass.
(勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking.
(禁止停车。——禁止)
祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来，使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯你去告诉他。) 二、相关口令
祈使句无主语, 主语you常省去;
动词原形谓语当, 句首加don't否定变; 朗读应当用降调, 句末常标感叹号。 三、表现形式 ●肯定结构:
1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如lease have a seat here. 请这边坐。
有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即L et + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如L et me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼!
练习：
将下列汉语翻译成英语。
1. 请照看好您的包。 ___________________. 2. 让我们去学校吧! ___________________! 3. 亲爱的,高兴点儿! ___________________! 4. 不要把书放这儿。 ___________________. 5. 不要让猫进来。 ___________________. Key:
1. Please look after your bag 2. Let's go to school 3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here
5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in
以动词原形开头的句子，表示请求、命令、劝告和禁止等语气。祈使句的否定形式以Don’t或never加动词原形或者No加动词ing形式开头
1) Let's 开头的祈使句 如: Let's say it in English . 2) 动词原形开头的祈使句. 如: Listen to the teacher .
3) 以 Please 开头的祈使句 如: Please take a message for him. 4）Never copy your classmates’ homework.
5）带呼语的祈使句，如： Mary, come down here ! (对mary 讲话，而不带呼语的且以动词原形开头的祈使句则对第二人称讲话。
Let's go to the school.(否定句）Let's not go to school。Don't go to school。
十一、怎样对划线部分提问
对划线部分进行提问，即针对句子中的某一成分提出问题。 实质上是把一个陈述句变成一个特殊疑问句的过程。 初学者，可利用“三步法”进行训练。 对划线部分进行提问分三步
第一步，分析划线部分的内容，能用那个疑问词来代替。（what when how where who which whose等）
第二步，写下疑问词后，找句子中是否有be动词，有be动词的做相应的变化，没有be动词，用助动词do/does（已给句子是一般现在时），然后找句子中的主语，主语写下来后，找动词，注意必须用动词的原形，接着剩下部分照抄。
第三步，划线部分去掉（不能照抄），注意标点（句号改为问号）。 例句1：I have a pen friend.
1) 分析划线部分，是名词，选疑问词what.
2) 写下what，找句中是否有be动词，没有be动词，选择助动词do/does；主语是I，选择助动词do, 主语I 改成you，动词have用原形.
3) 注意标点，句号变成问号。 4) 问句：What do you have?
二 常见的对划线部分进行提问的题型
1 对主语提问
对主语提问时，只需找出一个恰当的疑问词代替划线部分；句子的语序不变。 （1）主语是人，用who代替。 1）Miss Zhang teaches us English . Who teaches you English ？ 2）Jim is a teacher Who is a teacher ？
（2）主语是物用what 代替 1）My bike is under the tree. What is under the tree .？ 2）The apple is red. What is red ？
3）There is a book in the bag. What is in the bag ？
（特殊事例 一般不用what is there 或what are there） 2 对谓语提问（或谓语和宾语提问） 1 一般现在时 例1 He eats an apple.
（1）do代替eat what代替an apple
（2）写下疑问词，主语是he，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do （3）问句：What does he do？ 例2 She does her homework. （1）do代替does what代替 homework
（2）写下疑问词，主语是she，无be动词，选用助动词does，动词原形用do （3）问句：What does she do? 规则：
在一般现在时中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词； 宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What do/does-------do？ 2 现在进行时
例1 He is eating an apple . （1）doing代替eating what代替an apple
（2）疑问词what，有be动词，写下is，主语是he，划线部分用doing来代替 （3）写下句子：What is he doing？ 规则：
在现在进行中，对动词提问，用doing代替划线动词； 宾语用what代替；其句型结构是：What is/are-------doing？ 3 一般将来时
例1 He is going to eat an apple . （1）do代替eat what代替an apple
（2）疑问词what写下，有be动词is, 主语he，照抄，be going to是短语继续写，动词eat原形是do
（3）写下句子：What is he going to do？ 规则：
在一般将来中，对动词提问，用do代替划线动词； 口诀：
对物、人名、职业进行提问用what 对地点提问用where 对关系提问用who
对价格进行提问用how much。 对数量进行提问用How many * 对几点几分进行提问用what time。
对不是表示几点几分的时间状语进行提问用when。 对年龄进行提问用how old。 对颜色进行提问用what color。 对身体状况进行提问用 how 。
对人进行提问用who（主格）或whom（宾格）。 对出行方式状语提问用how。 对星期提问用。what day。 对日期提问用what date。
对天气提问用what is the weather like---？或how 对相貌特征提问用what-be----like？ 对四季提问用which weather。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容