前言：动词除了主要在句子中当谓语 之外，还可以当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语(用于补充说明宾语的，全称宾语补足语)，此时的动词统统称为非谓语形式。动词在句子中当谓语时，须详细考虑时态上的问题(过去、现在、将来)、状态问题(一般、进行、完成)、语态问题(主动、被动)等。动词在句子中当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语时，——虽然有时候也得考虑上述项目，但那是高中一级的知识，目前初中阶段只涉及——考虑三种形式：to do (或do,即省略to了的不定式)、 doing、 done，即不定式、动名词、过去分词。
下面只举例常见用法:
当主语：e.g:1. To buy this book took me 100 yuan. 2. Running is good for your health.
★注：不定式当主语时常放到句子后面去，而在原来的位置以形式主语 it 来代替。
e.g:To buy this bike took me 100 yuan.——→It took me 100 yuan to buy this book .
当宾语(常考)：e.g: 3. They decided to buy a new TV. 4.We enjoy talking in English. 当表语：e.g: 5. My work is to feed the animals . 当定语：e.g: 6. Have you got something to eat ?
7. Do you know the crying boy ?( 动名词当定语)
当状语：e.g: 8. I must go home to get some more money .（目的状语）
9. The man's cutting the big tree (by) using a long knife（方式状语） (by常省略)
当补语(常考)：e.g: 10.Mr Wei asked me to go with him . 11. Did you make the boy laugh ?
12. We saw a woman running along the road . 13. We had our pictures taken .
常考点归纳：
一．分词作表语
分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有：
interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的 delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的 encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的 puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的 satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的 surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的
Travelling is interesting but tiring．旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much．如果要学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing．他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news．听到这个消息，他们非常激动。
二. to + do
（否定式——not +to +do）
1、只能接to + do的动词有：
decide, agree, hope, want, refuse, plan, need, wish + to do 2、有些动词加 to do 作宾语补足语，常见的有： ask, tell, want, teach + sb. + to do + sth. 3、加 to + do 的重点句型有：
① It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱 ② It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 做某事怎样 ③ Would you like to…? ④ It is time + to do sth.
4、后接省略to的动词不定式的动词有：
一感（feel）二听（hear, listen to）三让（have, make, let）四看（watch, see, observe, notice）半个帮助（help可以带to，也可以省略）
★注(考点)：1以上的谓语动词若改为被动语态时，其后面当补语(宾补)的不定式则必须还给to：
e.g.：1. The man let me leave .——→I was let to leave by the man.
2.We often see the player run ——→The player is often seen to run by us.
3.They usually hear the boy talk in dream.—→The boy is usually heard to talk in dream by them. 5、省略to 的情况有： ① 情态动词后
② why not/why don’t you… ③ would rather… than… ④ had better …
★注：want、need、require两词后若跟动名词则可表达被动之意： e.g： The trees want watering in time. 这些树得按时浇水(被浇水)。 The house needs repairing .这房子得修补了(被修补了)。 (可用to be repaired代替)
三．doing （否定式——not doing）
1、加 doing做非谓语的动词常考的有：
enjoy，finish，mind，suggest，miss，admit, deny, keep, imagine，practice + doing sth.
2、加doing的情况有：
（1）介词后 + doing 例如：give up doing sth.，be interested in doing sth.等
（2）一些动词词组+ doing 例如: feel like + doing （喜欢做某事）/ prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(更喜欢……)/be busy + doing / give up + doing /put off + doing/ can’t help + doing/ take part in + doing / be worth doing （3）to作介词时的几个常用短语：
look forward to/be used to/ pay attention to / make a contribution to 等 + doing
四．有些动词的后面既可跟不定式又能跟动名词作宾语，（作补语的比较少见）。
1)后面 既能跟不定式又能跟动名词作宾语，且意思基本上一样的，有下
列动词： begin、start、continue e.g： Let's begin to run/ running ,OK?
When shall we continue to go /going on a field trip ?
2）既可加to do 也可以加doing，但意思不同的动词有：
forget to do 忘记去做某事（事情还没有做）
forget doing 忘记做过某事（事情已经做了，但是忘了） remember to do 记得去做某事（事情还没有做） remember doing 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了) regret to do （对将要做的事）遗憾 regret doing (对已经做过的事)遗憾
stop to do 停下来去做某事（去做另外一件事情） stop doing 停止做某事 （停止正在做的事情） 归纳记忆：stop...from + doing = prevent...from doing
try to do 尽力去做某事 （区分：manage to do 设法做某事） try doing 尝试去做某事
keep/go on to do 继续去做某事（停止原来做的事情而继续另一件事情） keep/go on doing 继续做同一件事情 mean to do = plan to do 打算/计划去做某事 mean doing 意味着做某事 propose to do 打算（要做某事） propose doing建议（做某事） like /hate to do（表示当时某一次的选择) like/hate doing (一向以来的爱好或习惯) eg：
I like swimming a lot. 我非常喜欢游泳。
I like to swim with you this afternoon.我愿意与你今下午去游泳。
3）感官动词类：see、watch、notice(注意)、look at、listen to 、hear、feel补语也可采用动名词doing形式，但意思与有些差别： 重点区分下列搭配：
do sth. 看到/看着某人做某事（全过程） see/watch sb. doing sth. 看到/看着某人正在做某事（某一片段）
do sth. 听到/注意到某人做某事（全过程/经常看见）
hear/notice sb. doing sth. 听到/注意到某人正在做某事（某一片段）
五．以过去分词 当补语 的动词——have(使). 既have sth done ，意思是“请人做某事”，(使sth 被做，注：译成英语时并无\"请人\"这些单词)。
We had our pictures taken in the middle of the square.
我们请人(帮)在广场中心拍了照片。(我们使照片被别人拍 于广场中心，这别人是我们 请的)
e.g: I will have my hair cut this afternoon. 今下午我要给人剪我的头发。
单项选择。
( )1.Our teacher told us _____ with our mobile phones in class.
A. to not play B not playing C not to play D to playing
( )2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do ( )3. Nick, would you mind ______ those old jeans? They look terrible. A. not to wear B. not wear C. wearing not D. not wearing ( )4.It 's too cold today! Would you mind ____the door and the windows?
A me close B me to close C my closing D my closed ( )5.This book is worth _____. I planned ____ one.
A read, to buy B reading, buying C reading , to buy D read , buying
( )6.Tom likes cars. He enjoys ____model cars of all kinds.
A collects B collected C to collect D collecting ( )7.We agreed _______ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. met ( )8.Remember _____ the book to the library when you finish ___it.
A to return, to read B returning, reading C to return, reading D returning, to read
( )9. Paul doesn’t have to be made _______. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
( )10. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
( )11. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen. A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked ( )12. I can’t help ____ when I hear that noise. A. laughing B. laughed
C. laugh D. being laughed
( )13. If we want to learn English well, we should always keep _____English.
A practising speaking B practising to speak C to practise speaking D practise speak
( )14. I spent a lot of time ______ English last weekend.
A. to practice speaking B. practicing to speak C. practicing speaking D. practice to speak
( )15. We can't work out the physics problem. Can you tell us ? A. how to do B. what to do it
C. how to do it D. what should to do ( )16. —I feel tired and sleepy.
—Why not stop ______ for a while? A. rest B. to rest C. resting D. rested ( )17. Please tell the students ________ too much noise in class.
A. to make B. to take C. not to take D. not to make ( )18. We can make a fire ______ the room warm so that we can chat for a while. A. to keep B. keeping C. keep D. kept
( )19. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to
change it.
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
( ) 20. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything
________ ?
A. to be buying B. to buy C. for buying D. bought
( ) 21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ________ as the plane
was making a landing.
A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating ( )22.. -You aren’t a stranger, are you?
-_______, don’t you remember _______ me at the school gate ten minutes
ago?
A. Yes; to see B. No; seeing C. No; saw D. Yes; seeing ( )23. If you feel tired, you may stop ________.
A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest D.to having a rest
( )24. -What about hiking this Sunday? -Great. I’d like with you. A. to go, going B. going, going
C. going, to go D. to go, to go
( )25.Why not _________ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________ it
by yourself? A. ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D. asking; write ( )26. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure .
A. why to start B. when to start C. what to start D. which to start
( )27. I like the actor very much because his movies are always very funny and
they make me . A. to laugh B. laughing C. laugh D. laughed ( ) 28. It usually takes Li Qing an hour her hair. A. washes B. wash C. to wash D. washing ( ) 29. We are looking forward to _______ our new teacher soon. A. meeting B. meet C. met D. meets ( ) 30. --- What about going swimming this afternoon, Simon? --- I prefer _______ to _______. It’s too hot outside.
A. going swimming, staying at home B. to stay at home, swim C. to go swimming, stay at home D. staying at home, going swimming ( ) 31.My bike was broken. I must have it _______.
A. repaired B. to repair C. repair D. repairing ( ) 32. It is very careless of you ______so many mistakes in your paper. A. to make B. make C. making D. made ( ) 33. He forgot _________ his door before he went to work. A. to lock B. locked C. locking D. lock 解析：
1.C tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事
2. A 根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to。 3. D mind的用法。mind后面跟动词－ing，否定形式为mind not doing。故选D。 4.C mind doing sth. 介意做某事
5.C be worth doing sth. 值得做某事 plan to do sth. 计划干某事 6.D enjoy doing sth. 喜欢干某事
7. C agree 只能接不定式。
8. .C remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 9. B make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。 10. C do with 与 what 连用是一个很有用的结构，可以表示“处置”、“利用”等。 11. B find 后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he 与 smoke 是主动关系，用 -ing 形式作补语，故选 B。 12. A can’t help doing忍不住。
13 A keep doing sth. 不停地做某事 practise doing sth. 练习做某事
14.C 考查spend的用法。spend + doing形式；practice+动词的ing形式。故选C。 15.C 疑问词后接动词不定式。句意“我们不能算出这个物理难题，你能告诉我们怎样算出来”，what可作为do的宾语，how不可作为do的宾语，因此后需加代词it，因此选C。
16.B 动词的用法。stop to do表示停下来干另一件事；stop doing表示停下正在进行的动作。根据句意，你为什么不停下（工作）来休息一会呢？
17.C 考查不定式的用法。其句式结构肯定形式为：tell sb. to do sth.;否定形式为： tell sb not to do sth.句意为“请告诉学生们在课上不要发出太多噪声”。可知为否定结构，故选C。
18.A 考查动词不定式。根据句意：我们生火（目的是）使房子暖和。动词不定式做目的状语。
19.D “连词+分词”作状语时，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。句子主语与分词的之间
是主动关系时用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research与begin是被动关系，因此用过去分词begun。
20.B 考查不定式作定语。不定式作后置定语，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
句意为“今下午我要去超级市场，你有东西要买吗？”
21.C 考查过去分词作表语。句意为“飞机登陆时，飞行员要求所有飞机上的乘客
坐着不动”。remain是系动词，seated作表语，表示状态。
22.B remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”，remember to do sth.表示“记得将要做某事”，结合关键信息don’t you remember和ten minutes ago可确定答案为B。 23.B stop doing sth.表示“停止做正在做的事情”，而stop to do sth.表示“停止做正在做的事情开始做另外一件事”。
24.C what about后面接动词时要用动词-ing形式，I’d like to do sth.表示“我想要做某事”。 故正确答案为C。
25. C why not + 动词原形，先排除B、D二项；另finish后面接动词时要接动词 -ing形式,故舍A选C。
26. B通过语境可知，询问什么时候出发，选B，相当于when we start。不定式可以和疑问代词(what, which, who)、疑问副词(when，where，how，why)连用，构成不定式复合结构，常跟在know，tell，show，teach，learn，explain，remember，find out，make sure等后作宾语，也可以作主语、表语等。
27. C make sb do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，make后接省略to的动词不定式作宾补。
28. C 固定表达句型It takes sb …to do sth.某人花时间做某事. 29. A 固定短语look forward to doing,注意短语中的to是介词. 30. D 固定短语prefer doing to doing.喜欢做…胜过做… 31. A 固定短语have sth done让他人为你做某事
32. A 固定表达句型It is +adj. +of sb+to do sth.某人做某事是….的
33. A 注意区别: forgot to do sth忘记要去做某事(事情未发生); forgot doing sth忘记做过了某事(事情已经发生) ;
非谓语动词-中考链接
( )1、As we know, some people are good at but bad at giving back. （09广州）
A. lending B. keeping C. borrowing D. using ( )2、—Hi, Tom! Can you tell me when for London? （09广州） —Yes, tomorrow afternoon.
A. leaving B. leaves C. to leave D. are you leaving ( )3. The teacher told the students any food into the computer room. （2010 广州）
A. not to bring B. not bring C. don’t bring D. bring not
( )4. —We don’t have much homework this weekend. Shall we go out together? （2010 广州）
—OK. What about a movie?
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees
( )5.From that time on Mary practised_________the piano every day. （2009 广州） A. plays B. playing C. played D. to play
( )6. She cleaned her home and thought about some flowers, but there wasn't time. （2009 广州）
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. buying
( )7.---Would you mind _______me a sweater? I feel a little cold. （2006 广州） ---Of course not. I’ll go and get it right now.
A. to get B. get C. getting D. will get
( )8. My grandfather wants __________ around the world because he enjoys __________ new places. （2005 广州）
A. traveling; seeing C. to travel; seeing
答案: CCABB DCC
B. to travel; to see D. traveling; to see
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