第2次作业
一、阅读理解（本大题共100分，共 5 小题，每小题 20 分） 1.
There is a widespread belief that people who get on in life may be successful not because they deserve it, but because of influential friends or the right background. Sometimes it may just be a
comforting and harmless belief, while at the other extreme it can be very destructive. I once met a brilliant young engineer who worked in a chemical plant. Because of her knowledge and experience, she should have been promoted to Production Manager. Instead, the job went to a man who was totally unsuited for the post. Everyone knew that he only got it because he was politically acceptable to his superiors. This injustice demoralized the young engineer and many of her colleagues. It also meant that the factory was much less efficient than it could have been.
All the same, we should not be pessimistic. More and more, the modern world depends on having people who are in the job because they are good enough, not just because their face fits. There is a story of a factory owner who sent for an engineer to see to a machine, which would not go. He examined it, then took out a hammer and tapped it, once. The machine started up immediately. When he presented his bill, the owner protested, \"This can't be right! $100 just for tapping a machine with a hammer?\" The engineer wrote out a new bill: \"For tapping a machine, $1; for knowing where to tap it, $99.\" (1).
It is believed that some people have succeeded in life because____. A.
they feel superior to others B.
they are both influential and powerful C.
they have some special advantages
D.
they have a poor background
(2).
The engineer at the chemical plant was not promoted because____. A.
it is more difficult for a woman to get a promotion than for her male colleagues B.
her boss did not think she had the right qualifications for the job C.
the man who got his promotion was more experienced than she was D.
her bosses did not approve of her political views and opinions
(3).
The engineer who repaired the machine was right to charge $100 because____. A.
he was the only person who could find out what was wrong with it B.
the factory owner could not have repaired it himself
C.
he hit the machine to get it started again D.
he was charging for his knowledge and expert skills
(4).
The author's attitude toward the widespread belief is____. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D.
sympathetic
(5).
According to the passage, which of the following is NOT TRUE?____ A.
Having influential friends or right background seems helpful sometimes.
B.
The engineer had good reason to overcharge the factory owner. C.
Not all those who are good in their jobs have the chance to be promoted. D.
Those who are good in their job are still largely needed by the modern society. 2.
In the 1940s, urban Americans began a mass move to the suburbs in search of fresh air, elbow room and privacy. Suburbs began to sprawl out across the countryside, since most of those making the move were middle-class, they took with them the tax money the cities needed to maintain the neighborhood, in which they had lived. The people left in the cities were often those who were too old or too poor to move. Thus, many cities began to fall into disrepair. Crime began to soar, and public transportation was neglected. (In the past sixty years, San Francisco is the only city in the United States to have completed a new mass transit system.) Meanwhile, housing construction costs
continued to rise higher and higher. Middle-class housing was allowed to decay, and little new housing was constructed.
Eventually, many downtown areas existed for business only. During the day they would be filled with people working in the offices and at night they would be deserted. Given these circumstances, some
business executives began asking, \"Why bother with going downtown at all? Why not move the offices to the suburbs so that we can live and work in the same area?\" Gradually some of the larger companies began moving out of the cities, with the result that urban centers declined even further and the suburbs expanded still more. This movement of businesses to the suburbs is not confined to the United States.
Businesses have also been moving to the suburbs in Stockholm, Sweden, in Bonn, Germany, and in Brussels, Belgium as well
(1).
What did the city lose when those people moved out to the suburbs?____ A. houses B. cars C. jobs D. tax money
(2).
What are not the resulting effects on cities when those people moved out?____ A.
There were more crimes. B.
Cities were in a bad condition. C.
Only one mass transit system was completed.
D.
Some small companies moved in while larger ones moved out.
(3).
According to the passage, the suburbs____. A.
were deserted at night B.
were deserted at night C.
had a high construction cost D.
had some declined business center
(4).
Which of the following statements are True according to the passage?____ A.
Some companies in the United States moved to Sweden, Germany and Belgium. B.
Fresh air, spacious room and being away from others attract people to move to the suburbs. C.
People wouldn't pay tax when they moved out of cities. D.
The neighborhood should be maintained by old and poor people.
(5).
What is the best title for this passage?____ A.
Urban Renewal B.
Suburban Sprawl C.
Effects of the move to the suburbs D.
Development of the Suburbs 3.
Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mount Everest（珠穆朗玛峰）. It is the highest mountain in the world. But many
people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.
A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mount Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.
The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty
Sherpas of Nepal（尼泊尔夏尔巴人）. Their goal is to remove all the trash（废物，垃圾）they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.
Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the
effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home.
Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along newly developed equipment to collect and treat human waste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has become more popular. (1).
What are those Americans concerned about when they are planning the trip up Mount Everest?____ A.
The environment pollution of the mountain. B.
The success in climbing up the mountain. C.
The equipment for their trip to the mountain. D.
The risks facing the climbers of the mountain.
(2).
From the passage we can learn that the clean-up effort ____. A.
is opposed by the local people B.
is the largest one supported by Nepal C.
is encouraged by the American government D.
is the greatest one ever made on Mount Everest
(3).
What does the American team plan to do on the trip up the mountain? ____ A.
To make Everest even cleaner than it was. B.
To tell climbers not to leave waste materials. C.
To take away all the trash they could find there. D.
To collect and treat human waste before the ice melted.
(4).
Team leader Mr. Hoffman hopes to turn Mount Everest into ____. A.
its former state a few years ago B.
its original condition half a century ago C.
a place with no pollution at all D.
the cleanest mountain in the world
(5).
What is probably the best title for this passage? ____ A.
A Risky Trip Up Mount Everest B.
Pollution on Mount Everest
C.
Mount Everest — Clean-up Effort D.
Robert Hoffman and His Clean-up Team 4.
Since founding his Microsoft computer software company in 1975, Bill Gates, this pale-skinned, soft-handed little genius has turned the company into a transnational monster with a market capitalization of $ US38 billion value that makes it bigger than Ford, General Motors or Boeing. Bill Gates’s own 30 percent share of the company has made him, at 38, the second richest individual in the US, worth somewhere about $ 9 billion.
Forbes magazine recently estimated that, if you converted his
personal wealth into Rolls Royces, they would stretch nose-to-tail from Seattle, Microsoft’s hometown, to Vancouver in Canada, a
distance of 500 kilometers. Gates and his wife will be moving into a $ US25 million house on the shore of Lake Washington.
Microsoft empire, which was founded on the motto \"A computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft Software\". \"Sometimes we’d drop the ‘in every home’ bit,\" Gates says, \"and sometimes we’d drop the ‘running Microsoft’ bit, depending on who we were talking to.\" In the 18 years since he first suspected that the microprocessor chip was going to change the world, Gates’s vision has proved
remarkably prescient. As well as business undergoing computerization, a quarter of American homes now contain a personal computer or PC, with as many again planning to buy one in the next two years. They may not all be running Microsoft programs, but about 90 percent of them are.
Even so Gates admits it has been a longer wait than he originally anticipated. He thought that computer developments would happen much faster. But he hopes for too much too quickly. He says \"I had a far too optimistic time-frame for most of the things I thought would come tree the prevalence of the PC, the effect of the microprocessor, the success of graphical user interface, the success of CD-based
software\". This last development, only now beginning to take hold, which allows the storage of all kinds of sound and visual information with greatly increased memory capacity, has been eight years in the development. (1).
Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage? ____ A.
Bill Gates, at 38, has been the second richest individual in the US. B.
Bill Gates has Rolls-Royces stretch nose-to-tail from Seattle to Vancouver. C.
25 percent of American families now contain a PC. D.
Microsoft programs are nm on the PCs of about 90 percent of the families owning a PC.
(2).
Which of the following can best replace the underlined word? ____ A.
Progressive. B. Prior.
C. Primary. D.
Far-sighted.
(3).
From the above passage, what can we know about Bill Gates? ____ A.
He founded Microsoft computer software company in 1975. B.
The motto of Microsoft is \"A computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft Software\". C.
It would take longer than he expected to realize his dreams about his Microsoft empire. D.
All of the above.
(4).
Bill Gates was too optimistic about the following except ____. A.
the prevalence of the PC.
B.
the effect of the microprocessor. C.
the success of VCD-based software. D.
the success of graphical user interface.
(5).
Which of the following is the best title for the above passage? ____ A.
The Wealth of Bill Gates. B.
The Future of Microsoft. C.
The Road of Microsoft. D.
The Foresight of Bill Gates. 5.
Accidents are caused: they don't just happen. The reason may be easy to see: an overloaded tray, a shelf out of reach, a patch of ice on the road. But more often than not there is a chain of events leading
up to the misfortune—frustration, tiredness or just bad temper—that show what the accident really is, a sort of attack on oneself.
Road accidents, for example, happen frequently after a family quarrel, and we all know people who are accident-prone (易发生的), so often at odds with (和……争执) themselves and the world that they seem to cause accidents for themselves and others.
By definition, an accident is something you cannot predict or avoid, and the idea which used to be current, that the majority of road
accidents are caused by a minority of criminally (不道德的) careless drivers, is not supported by insurance statistics. These show that most accidents involve ordinary motorists in a moment of carelessness or thoughtlessness.
It is not always clear, either, what sort of conditions make people more likely to have an accident. For instance, the law requires all factories to take safety precautions (预防措施) and most companies have safety committees to make sure the regulations are observed, but still, every day in Britain, some fifty thousand men and women are absent from work due to an accident. These accidents are largely the result of human error or misjudgment——noise and fatigue, boredom or worry are possible factors which contribute to this. Doctors who work in factories have found that those who drink too much, usually people who have a high anxiety level, run three times the normal risk of accidents at work. (1).
This passage might be taken from____. A.
a text book B.
a science fiction C.
a popular magazine
D.
an annual report of a company
(2).
The writer indicates that____. A.
British people are often absent-minded B.
doctors should work in factories to avoid accidents C.
drivers are the only factor leading to road accidents D.
there are always some people who fail to observe regulations
(3).
Which of the following is not mentioned as a factor of accidents?____ A. anxiety B. tiredness
C.
bad weather D.
carelessness
(4).
\"Accident-prone\" (Para. 2) probably means \"____\". A.
liable to have accidents B.
likely to be killed in accidents C.
responsible for road accidents D.
possible to avoid accidents
(5).
Which of the following could serve as the best title for this passage?____ A.
Prevention of Accidents
B.
Causes of Accidents C.
Results of Accidents D.
Accidents and Anxiety
答案：
一、阅读理解（100分，共 5 题，每小题 20 分） 1.
(1). C (2). D (3). D (4). B (5). B 2.
(1). D (2). D (3). B (4). B (5). C 3.
(1). A (2). D (3). C (4). B (5). C 4.
(1). B (2). D (3). D (4). C (5). A 5.
(1). C (2). D (3). C (4). A (5). B
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