The paths of glory lead but to the grave.\" Questions:
1)Identify the author and the works; 2)What does\"the inevitable hour\"? 3)Explain the first stanza;
4)What does the whole passage imply. 参考答案：
1)This is Thomas Gray’s\"Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard\".
托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》
2)\"The inevitable hour\"means time of death.
3)The first stanza means:The men with ambition and high position shouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work. 4)In the passage,the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy, or how important and humble,every is equal before death,the author gives much sympathy to the poor and unknown
Please cite examples from\\\"Gulliver’s Travels\\\"to explain briefly
how did Swift criticized and allude to the government and the society. 1)In the first part of the\\\"Gulliver’s Travels\\\
Swift described the tricks and practices in the competition held before royal members to allude to the fact that the success of the officials was not for their wisdom and excellence but for their skills in the games;
2)In the part 4 of the book,Swift made horses with reason and good qualities. The citizens who are\\\"hairy,wild,low and despicable brutes,
who resemble human beings not only in appearance but also in almost every way\\\"to criticize/satirize all respects of the English and European life, and urge people to consider the nature of the human and life.
Read not to contract and confuse,not to believe and take for granted,nor to find talk and discourse,but to weigh and consider‖
3.―Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st; Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st: So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see, So long lives this,and this gives life to thee. 1)Where does the poem comes from?Who wrote it? What does―eternal lines‖mean? Interpret it briefly. 参考答案：
1)The poem is―Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”,by Shakespeare.(P38)
2)Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets.(P38)
3)It means:you will not lose your beauty,and death will not threaten you with darkness,either.As long as man can live in the world,they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem,which has given you eternal life.(Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient,but the beauty in poetry can last for ever.(P37)
4.―…All is no lost:the unconquerable will, And study of revenge,immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome?…… Irreconcilable to our grand Foe‖ 1)Please identify the poem and the poet. 2)Interpret―all is not lost‖.
3)What does the whole passage mean? 参考答案：
1)It is taken from John Milton’s“Paradise Lost‖.(P74)
2)―all is not lost‖is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God,but they are driven from Heaven into hell.In the fire of the hell,Satan is determined to fight back,just like what he says:not all is lost,the unconquerable will,the deep hatred,and the courage to fight till death still remain.(P71)
3)This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit(服从),and the desire to long for freedom;to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71)
5.―If he be not apt to beat over matters,let him study the lawyer’s cases.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.‖ Questions:
3)What does―beat over matters‖mean? 4)What does―receipt’refer to?
5)From which essay does the above sentences come,what is the essay mainly about? 参考答案：
1)It means:make through examinations of things.(P63) 2)―Receipt‖refers to cure,prescription.(P63)
3)The sentences are from―Of Studies”(Francis Bacon).It is the most popular of bacon’s essays.It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for,the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies,and how studies exert influence over human character.(P60—61)
6.―What,is great Mephistophilis to passionate 6.For being deprived of the joys of heaven? Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude
And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.…… Say he will spare him Four and twenty years Letting him live in all voluptuousness Having thee ever to attend on me… Questions:
1)Identify the passage and author;
2)―Say he surrenders up to him his soul‖,who will surrender his soul?What for? 3)Who are thee?What will he do? 参考答案：
1)The passage comes from―Dr.Faustus”written by Christopher Marlowe.(P25—26) 2)Dr.Faustus will surrender his soul to devil.Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to’get knowledge’in vain,finally he’made a bond’to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires.(P22) 3)The―thee‖,refers to―Mephistophilis‖,the Devil’s servant. He helped Dr.Faustus to do anything he wants.(P22)
7.“Busy old fool,unruly sun, Why does thou thus,
Through windows and through curtains call on us?‖ Questions:
6)Identify the work and author.
7)What idea does the passage express? 参考答案:
1)The passage comes from―The Sun Rising”,written by’John Donne’.(P66) 2)The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly,placing the sun in the status of a subordinate.In the lover’s kingdom,the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons.His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.
2.Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s“To be or not to be”soliloquy(独白).
参考答案:
―To be or not to be‖is’a philosophical exploration of life and death’.The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world,and revealed the character of Hamlet---so’speculative,questioning,contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’.It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge,but because of his’hesitative/hesitant character’,when the chance for action came,it seemed defeat.
It can be interpreted as:Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death,he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction,language and action.He considers that it would be better to’commit suicide’,but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife.So he put off the thing because of the sin.He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out.The soliloquy conveys’the sense of world-weariness(厌世)’.(P33-34)
3.What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works?(No more than 150 words)
参考答案:
The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.
1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition,facing bravely the challenge from god and men.They had human dignity and capacity,trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.
2)For example:Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe.By depicting a great
hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering,Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/limitless power and authority.In Dr.Faustus,Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge,power and happiness.
3)Tamburlaine and Dr.Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit,Tamburlaine,being a cruel conquer,found happiness in conquering other kingdom.Only death could defeat him.While Dr.Faustus,a more introspective and philosophical figure,had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil.(P20—22)
4.What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays? 参考答案：
Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types:comedies,tragedies and historical plays.
1)His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.
2)In his romantic comedies,he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.
3)In his tragedies,Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes,who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation.Each hero has his weakness of nature.We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society.And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.
5.Please comment on the character of Satan in“Paradise Lost.‖ 参考答案：
Satan is a rebellious(叛逆的)figure against God in literature,defeated,he and his rebel angels were cast into hell.However,Satan refused to accept his failure,swearing that―all was not lost‖and that he would revenge for his downfall.The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character,which was the important spirit of the rising middle class.While he tempted Adam and Eve,which proved his evilness.
the tyger老虎（历年考题长考这首）
suggests fear,represents energy,symbolizes the French Revolution in 1789;\\'the forest of the night\\'symbolizes the world of experience;\\'fearful symmetry\\'suggests the harmony of the two opposite aspects of God\\'s creation.
第四节诗人把老虎的创造过程同铁匠造物结合起来，进一步加强感叹的效果。 第五节中诗人暗示：创造和平纯洁的也可以制造出恐怖的力量，制造出暴力以及可怕的东西。
Read the quoted part and answer the questions: 1.\\\"A little black thing among the snow Crying\\\"’weep!’weep!In notes of woe \\\"where are thy father&mother?Say?\\\"
\\\"They are both gone up to the church to prey.\\\"
(1)Identify the poem and poet. (2)Explain\\\"notes of woe\\\".
(3)What does the sentence mean\\\"they ate both gone up to the church to prey.\\\" Answer:
(1)It is from\\\"The Chimney Sweeper(from songs of experience)by Blake.(P172)
(2)\\\"notes of woe\\\"means the songs/notes of sadness. (3)It implies:religion is the instrument of their repression/ oppression,its nature is to help bring misery to the poor children.(P169)
2\\\"Then naked&white,all their bags left behind, They rise upon clouds,and sport in the wind, And the angle told Tom,if he’d be a good bye, He’d have God for his father,and never want joy.\\\" (1)Identify the poem and its poet; (2)What does the poem implies? Answer:
(1)The poem is take from\\\"The Chimney Sweeper(from Songs of Innocence)\\\ (2)This is a lovely poem presenting a happy and innocent world,though the wretched child are exploited and orphaned,
they had nice dream for life and the world,which implies religion make people obedient to exploitation,and from religion,they can get consolation and an\\\"illusory happiness\\
Byron’s greatest contribution is his creation of the \\\"Byronic hero\\\" What kind of the hero he is? Give comment on him. Answer:
(1) \\\"Don Juan\\\" is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic, in which Byron described a hero named Don Juan. He was a great lover and seducer of women. In the conventional sense,al positives like courage, generosity, and frankness… In a word, Don was proud Juan was immoral, but Juan had his own mor, mysterious, and a noble rebel figure. He was a young man with unconquerable wills and inexhaustible energies, one of rebellious individuals against outworn/outdated social systems and conventions.
(2) Comment: The poet’s true intention is to present a panoramic view of different types of society,the main theme of the works the basic ironic theme of appearance and reality,during which the poet also presented various materials and the clash of emotions. (P194-196) 二。
\\\"Place me on Sunium’s marbles steep, Where nothing, save the waves and I, May her our mutual murmurs sweep;
There, swan like, let me sing and die: A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine--- Dash down you cup of Samian wine!\\\" (1)Identify the poem and its author. (P203) (2)Explain \\\"swan like, let me sing and die\\\" (P199) Interpret the passage and spot its implication. Answer:
(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from \\\"The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)\\\" (P203)
(2)Swan is famous for its faith to its lover, one of them die, the other will refuse to eat and drink, it will cry till death. Here the author used a simile to show his strong desire to fight with the invaders till death, and appeal to the suppressed Greek people to struggle for their freedom and liberation. 三、
\\\"The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Where grew the arts of war and peace, Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung! Eternal summer gilds them all, But all, except their sun, is set.\\\" (1)Identify the poem and its author;
(2)What does it mean \\\"But all, except their sun, is set.\\\" (3)What does the passage imply?
Answer:
(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from \\\"The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)\\\" (P199)
(2)The sentence means: The sun is still on the rise, but the rest things all set. (3)The passage implied: The author lamented over the fallen Greece:
In the past, Greece nurtured/ cultivated great poets and heroes,who enjoyed freedom and civilization, but now Greece had been enslaved,the past honorable history couldn’t be found again.
雪莱的西风颂Shelley and his “Ode to the West Wind” （第一、四、五节年年都要考）
In the poem, Shelley eulogizes the west wind as a powerful phenomenon of nature that is both destroyer and preserver. The wind enjoys boundless freedom and has the power to spread messages far and wide. The keynote in the poem is Shelley’s ever-present wish for himself and his fellow men to share the freedom of the west wind, remembering meanwhile his own and common human miseries. And the dominant mood is that of hope rather than despair, as the poet is hoping for the realization of the freedom and joy. The optimism expressed in the last two lines show the poet’s critical attitude toward the ugly social reality and his faith in a bright future for humanity.
被解放的普罗米修斯大意：（必会）
According to the Greek mythology, Prometheus, the champion of humanity, who has stolen the fire from Heaven, is punished by Zeus to be chained栓缚 on Mount
Caucasus and suffers the vulture's feeding on his liver. Shelley based his drama on Promethus Bound by Aeschylus, in which Prometheus reconciles with the tyrant Zeus. Radical and revolutionary as Shelley, he wrote in the preface: \"In truth, I was averse from a catastrophe so feeble as that reconciling the Champion with the Oppressor of Mankind.\"So he gave a totally different interpretation, transforming the compromise into a liberation. With the strong support of Earth, his mother ; Asia, his bride and the help from Demogorgon and Hercules, Zeus is driven from the throne, Prometheus is unbound. 主题是通过宙斯与普的斗争表现了法国大革命失败后，英国与欧洲资产阶级革命家对封建反动势力的不满和反抗情绪。
Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness, Thou foster-child of silence and slow time, Sylvan historian, who canst thus express A flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:\" (1)Who is the poet? The name? (2)Explain the sentence.
(3)What was the theme of the poem? Answer:
(1)This is the \"ode on a Grecian Um\. (P219)
(2)The sentence means: though time has passed, the urn , the works of the art still remains, and it tells a pastoral/lyrical tale to us, and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human. (P218)
(3)The theme is: Human life is transient, but the art is immortal. (P218)
Analyze the style of Charles Dickens.
Adeptness/skilfulness with the vernacular本土的 and large vocabulary; The most distinguishing/remarkable character-portrayal;
The best writing from the child’s point of view; (His best depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted, helpless children)
The depiction描写 of those horrible and grotesque奇异的 characters; The mingling/mixing features of humor and pathos/sorrow. (P241)
―In pursuance of this determination, little Oliver, to his excessive astonishment, was released from bondage, and ordered to put himself into a clean shirt. He had hardly achieved this very unusual gymnastic performance when Mr. Bumble brought him, with his own hands, a basin of gruel and the holiday allowance of two ounces and a quarter of bread. A very tremendous sight, Oliver begins to cry very piteously. Thinking, not unnaturally, that the board must have decided to kill him for some useful purpose, or they never would have begun to fatten him up in this way.‖
Identify the title and the writer.
Why Oliver was released from the bondage? Why had he been punished? Interpret ―A very tremendous sight‖. Answer:
This is an excerpt from ―Oliver Twist” by Charles Dickens. (P249)
Because he would be sold to a notorious chimney-sweeper (at 3 pound ten) and
became his apprentice. (P243)
Oliver was punished for that ―impious and profane offence of asking for more gruel.‖ (P242)] Jane Eyre简爱
Mr Rochester and Jane Eyre
Rochester:a grim-looking,energetic,quick-tempered,but an understand middle-age d man;has a burning spirit and a longing to love and be loved.
Jane:struggles for recognition of her basic rights and equality as a woman.it's an individual conscious struggle towards self-realization.she gets joy through the sacrifice of herself or her weakness overcome.[/BGCOLOR]
Jane Eyre is the greatest governess女家庭教师 image in the literature history; can you analyze the character of her?
Jane Eyre was a little plain governess with quick wit, honesty, frankness, loving heart and the spirit of independence and self-dignity.
In literature, she is an individual conscious to self-realization. She was lonely and neglected young woman with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full, happy life.
In author’s mind, man’s life is composed of perpetual struggle between sin and virtue, good and evil. The heroines’ joy, comes from the sacrifice of self and the overcome of some weakness.
By Jane’s experience, we can see the cruelty, hypocrisy, and other evils of the upper classes and the misery and the suffering of the poor, and the false social convention on love and marriage. (P256—259)
You teach me now how cruel you’ve ---cruel and false. Why did you despise me? Why did you betray your own heart, Cathy? I have not one word of comfort---you deserve this…‖ Who is the speaker?
What does it refer to ―you despise me, you break your own heart‖? What was the meaning of the story from the social point of view? What is the main device of the story in description? Answer:
The speaker was Heathcliff.(P270—271)
It refers to Cathy married her husband (Linton) and deserted him and her own love.
From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man –Heathcliff abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters/by the people with higher social position, because he is a poor nobody. (P266) Flashback. (P267)
历届的都是选段的背景介绍和人物性感分析。下面这段把里面的人名字记清楚了。
Wuthering Heights is the story about two families and an intruding stranger.
The Earnshaw family ---- Mr. Earnshaw, a bluff prosperous Yorkshire farmer, his wife, their son Hindley and their daughter Catherine ---- live in their handsome farmhouse Wuthering Heights up in the folds of the moors (Wuthering is Yorkshire dialect for \"weathering\which is
indicative of \"the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather\")
The Linton family ---- Mr. Linton, his wife, their son Edgar and their daughter Isabella ----, a richer and more civilized landed gentry family, live down in the flat valley at
Thrushcross Grange. One day, Mr. Earnshaw brings home a sallow, rugged foundling he has picked up in the streets of a city. He calls the boy Heathcliff while Hindley hates him out of jealousy of his father's fondness for the waif. When the parents die, Hindley degrades Heathcliff in every day he can, and the lad grows brutal and sullen. What's more, Heathcliff one day overhears part of the speech by Catherine that she intends to marry the handsome and mild Edgar. He runs away. Five years later, he returns to take his revenge on Hindley. But now, Catherine has become Mrs Linton. Tormented by her love for her husband and her overwhelming passion for Heathcliff, Catherine grows sick and dies in giving birth to a daughter, Cathy. Heathcliff, driven mad at her death, hates his revenge on people of both houses who he thinks have hindered his union with Catherine. First, he reduces Hindley to a gambler and a drunkard and takes possession of Wuthering Heights. Then he takes possession of Thrushcross Grange by marrying Edgar's sister Isabella and later by marrying little Cathy to his sickly son Linton. In due time, he drives Hindley, Isabella and Edgar to death and has Hindley and has Hindley's son Hareton and Cathy at his mercy.But at this time, events take another turn. Now 18 years after
Catherine's death , Heathcliff's death, the young couple retire to Thrushcross Grange, leaving the spirits of Headcliff and the first Catherine, united at last, in possession of Wuthering Heights.
The novel is a riddle which means different things to different people. From the social point of view, it is a story about a poor man abused, betrayed and distorted by his social betters because he is a poor nobody. As a love story, this is one of the most moving: the passion between Heathcliff and Catherine proves the most intense, the most beautiful and at the same time the most horrible passion ever to be found possible in human beings.
The story is told mainly by Nelly, Catherine's old nurse, to Mr. Lockwood, a temporary tenant at Grange. The latter too gives an account of what he sees at Wuthering Heights. And part of the story is told through Isabella's letters to Nelley. While the central interest is maintained, the squence of its development is constantly disordered by flashbacks. This makes the story all the more enticing and genuine.
1. Break, Break, Break Break, Break, Break,
On thy cold grey stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter
The thoughts that arise in me. 拍吧，拍吧，拍吧， 拍在你冷灰的石头上，啊海！ 我愿我的舌也能诉说 涌上我心头的情怀。
O, well for the fisherman's boy, That he shouts with his sister at play! O, well for the sailor lad,
That he sings in his boat on the bay! 我羡慕渔人的孩子， 他和他妹妹一起玩耍叫嚷， 我羡慕那年轻的水手， 他在他港中的船上歌唱！ And the stately ships go on To their haven under the hill;
But O for the touch of a vanished hand, And the sound of a voice that is still! 一艘艘的大船驶去， 向他们山下港湾驶进； 我想再摸一下那逝去的手， 再听一次那沉寂了的声音！ Break, Break, Break,
At the foot of thy crags, O Sea!
But the tender grace of a day that is dead
Will never come back to me. 拍吧，拍吧，拍吧， 拍在你的岩石的脚下，啊海！ 但是往日的柔顺优美 永不会再到我身边来。
诗歌分析：
This short lyric is written in memory of Tennyson's best friend, Arthur Hallam, whose death has a lifelong influence on the poet. Here, the poet's own feelings of sadness are contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves. The beauty of the lyric is to be found in the musical language and in the association of sound and images with feelings and emotions. The poem contains four quatrains(四行诗), with combined iambic(抑扬格) and anapaestic(抑抑扬格) feet. Most lines have three feet and some four. The rhyme scheme is a b c b.
这首抒情短诗纪念他的挚友Arthur Hallam，他的去世对诗人有着终生的影响。诗中诗人失友的悲痛与儿童们的天真愉快和海浪轮船无声无息的移动形成了鲜明的对比。本诗的魅力在于音乐般的语言，及形象声音与情感完美的结合。全诗包含四个四行诗节，有抑扬格与抑抑扬格，多数诗行是三音步，有些是四音步，押韵格式为 abcb。
2. Crossing the Bar 过沙洲 Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar,
When I put out to sea, 夕阳西下，金星闪闪， 有清晰的声音对我呼唤！ 但愿，当我驶入海洋， 沙洲上不发出哽咽的声响。
But such a tide as moving seems asleep, Too full for sound and foam,
When that which drew from out the boundless deep Turns again home.
这滚动的潮水像睡一般静寂， 涨得太满，故无声音泡沫， 从天涯大海里来的 现在又要回到原来的处所。 Twilight and evening bell, And after that the dark!
And may there be no sadness of farewell, When I embark; 黄昏时分，晚钟响起， 此后是一片漆黑！ 但愿在我启航之际， 没有诀别的伤悲；
For though from out our bourne of Time an Place The flood may bear me far, I hope to see my Pilot face to face
When I have crossed the bar. 因为虽然海潮要带我去远方， 远离我们的时与空的界限， 我希望度过沙洲之后 能见到我的领航人，面对面。
分析：This poem was written in the later years of Tennyson's life. We can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. Bar: a bank of sand or stones under the water as in a river, parallel to the shore, at the entrance to a harbor. \"Crossing the bar\" means leaving this world and entering the next world. 这首诗是丁尼生晚年的作品，我们可以深切感受到诗人对死亡的无畏以及他对上帝与来世的深信不已。诗的标题含义是离开今生，度往来世。 Sunset and evening star, And one clear call for me!
And may there be no moaning of the bar, When I put out to sea.‖
Explain the implications of the ―sunset, evening star, sea‖. Name the title of the poem and interpret it. Can you say some comment on the poem? Answer:
Sunset, evening star: the images of the death; sea symbolizes life. (P277—278)
The title is ―Crossing the Bar‖. It means leaving this world and entering the next world –the world of the spirit
The poem expresses the fearlessness to death of the poet and his faith
in God and an afterlife.
(The poem is musical in language, rich in poetic images, elaborate in texture and melancholy in air –the characters of Tennyson.) (P273/P278) “Break, break, break,
On thy cold grey stones, O Sea! And I would that my tongue could utter The thought that arise in me.‖ Name the poet and the poem.
Name the main tone of the whole poem, the device and the rhyme. Interpret the passage. Answer:
Alfred Tennyson. ―Break, Break, Break‖. (P276)
The main tone is Sadness. The device is contract. The rhyme scheme is ―a b c d‖. (P277)
The poem expressed the poet’s feeling of sadness in memory of his best friend. (P276)
I will drink Life to the lees: all times I have enjoy’d
Greatly, have suffer’d greatly, both with those
That loved me, and alone; on shore, and when
Thro’ scudding drifts the rainy Hyades Vext the dim sea: …… ……but honour’d of them all‖
Identify the name of the poem. Explain ―drink life to the lees‖. What is the theme of the poem? In what form is the poem written? Answer:
The name of the poem is ―Ulysses‖. (P278)
The sentence means: I will keep traveling and exploring till the end of my life. (P281)
The theme is Ulysses can’t endure the peaceful commonplace everyday life. Old as he is, he persuaded his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge. (the poem also expresses Tennyson’s own determination and courage to brave the struggle of life but also reflects the restlessness and aspiration/anxiety of the age.) (P281) The literary form is ―dramatic monologue‖. (P281) ―My favo错误！未指定书签。r at her breast, The dropping of the daylight in the west, The bough of cherries some officious fool Broke in the orchard of her, the white mule She rode with round the terrace –all and each Would draw from her alike the approving speech,
Or blush, at least. She thanked men –good! But thanked
Somehow –I know not how –as if she ranked My gift of a nine-hundred-years-old name With anybody’s gift‖
Name the author and the title of the works.
What does it mean ―a nine-hundred-years-old name‖, and to whom the word was spoken?
Interpret the passage and analyze the character of the speaker. What is the literary form? Answer:
This is the ―My last Duchess” written by Robert Browning. (P286) It means the title of the Duchess (of Ferrara) the Duck gave her through marriage has a family history of over 900 years. (P288) Interpret: My favor –the title of the Duchess is better and more proud than any gifts of the world, but my last duchess was ready to be grateful to others’ flatter and
The Duck was a self-conceited, cruel, possessive, and tyrannical person.
The word was spoken to the agent who comes to negotiate the marriage of the Duck. (P287)
The literary form is ―dramatic monologue‖. (the Duck’s own defensive words betrays and condemns himself) (P287)
Come, Tess, Tell me in confidence.‖ …
―The trees have inquisitive eyes, haven’t they? … and drive all such horrid fancies away!‖
1) Interpret the passage. Answer:
Tess, as pure woman brought up with the traditional ideas, is abused and destroyed by the destructive force, and the misery made her frightened to the future, which implied the naturalistic viewpoint of Hardy. (P303) 1．Bunyan的《天路历程》是一部寓言(allegory)，其主题及《名利场》的寓意 The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to abide by Christian doctrines and seek salvation through constant struggle with their own weakness and all kinds of social evils. Its predominant metaphor — life as a journey — is simple and familiar. The objects that Christian meets are homely and commonplace, and the scence presented a typical English ones, but throughout the allegory a spiritual signifiance is added to the commonplace details. The Vanity Fair symbolizes human world, for ―All that cometh is vanity.‖ Everything and anything in this world is ―vanity‖, having no value and no meaning. The Vanity 12.21 Fair, a ―marcket selling nothingness‖ of all sorts, is a dirty place originally built up by devils, but, this town ―lay‖ in the way to the Celestial City, meaning pilgrims had to resist the tempatations there way through. So, the depiction of the ―Fair‖ in selling things worldly and in attracting people bad, represents John Bunyan’s rejection of the worldly seekings and pious longing for the pure and charming ―Celestial City‖ his Christian ideal.
2．鲁宾逊的意义
Robinson is here a real hero: a typical eighteenth-century Enlish middle-class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in stuggling against the hostile natural environment. He is the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.
3．Gulliver’s Travel的四个部分 The book contains four parts. The first part —— Lilliput
The second part —— Brobdingnag The third part —— flying Island
The fourth part —— Houyhnhnm land, Yahoo
As a whole, the book is one of the most effcetive and devastating criticisms and satires of all aspects in then English and European life — socially, politically, religiously, philosophically, scientifically, and morally.
4．Fielding的贡献
Fielding has been regarded by some as ―Father of the English Novel‖.
He was first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a ―comic epic in prose,‖ the first to give the modern novel its structure and syle. Before him, the relating of a story in a novel was either the Episolary form or the picaresque form, but fielding adopted ―the third-person narration,‖ in which the author become the ―all-knowing God
ead the quoted part and answer the questions:
1. Analyze the poem of T. S. Eliot -\"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock\"
1) \"In the room the women come and go Talking of Michelangelo\"
<1> Why does the sentence repeat in the poem for several times? Answer:
The sentence symbolizes the remote and faraway things, it implies the inability to face up with the reality and the life of the hero. (P363) 2) \"And indeed there will be time
For the yellow smoke that slides along the street, ... There will be time, there will be time ....\"
<1> What deep implication can you get from the passage? Answer:
The hero was unable to face up with the life and reality bravely, but he was anxious to find time passing so quickly that he was very depressed. The passage shows the tragic character of the indecision of the young man. (P363)
3) \"I have measured out my life with coffee spoons; I know the voices dying with a dying fall Beneath the music from the father room. So how should I presume?
<1> What did the speaker presume? <2> Interpret the excerpt. Answer:
<1> He will propose marriage to a girl, but he dare not.
<2> The Excerpt shows the futile and boring life of the upper class. (Every day, they drink coffee, listen to music, but they can’t really enjoy the pleasure of life, leading a boring life.) 4) \"I should have been a pair of ragged claws Scuttling across the floor of silent seas.\" <1> Interpret it. Answer:
If he had been a crab on the ocean bed, maybe he would have been better. The motion of the crab suggests futility and growing old. (P368 注释5)
5) \"But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen: Would it have been worthwhile\" (此节选部分在P367) <1> Interpretit. Answer:
The sentence implies the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life. He is always fearful that others will see through his ideas and
truth of falling love, which makes himself live in frightening and restlessness. (P363)
2. \"I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,
And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made: Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee, And live alone in the bee-loud glade\" 1) Identify the poem and poet; 2) Interpret the poem. Answer:
1) The poem is \"The Lake Isle of Innisfree\which was written by William Butler Yeats. (P355)
2) In the poem, the poet imagined a place where he could live like a hermit, implying that he was tired of the life of his day, he sought to escape into and ideal \"fairyland\" where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoyed the beauty of the nature.
3. \"North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’ school set the boys free ..., gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces.\"
1) Comment the main tone of the story with the concrete images of the passage.
2) Analyze the theme of the story.
3) Explain the devices of symbols with the examples of the article.
Answer:
1) The tone of the story is a fine tuned melancholy.
The scene is drab, lifeless. The Christian School sounds like prison -it sets the boys free. The brown color also showed the tone of the story. (节选部分在P390)
2) The story introduced a little boy’s love experience, expressing his awareness of reality and expectation, and pointing out the drabness and harshness of the adult world. (P385)
3) In this article the author used many images to show the symbols meaning, expressing the frustrated quest for beauty. (P390) For example: The little boy lived with his uncle and aunt -a symbol of the isolation and the lack of proper relationship;
His uncle forgot his arrangement is a symbol of the boy’s failure; The deserted train symbol the indifference relationship, and \"all the stalls were in closed and the greatest part of the hall was in darkness\" and \"the upper part of the hall was now completely dark\" symbol the destined failure of the boy’s quest for the beauty.
4. \"You are not, my son. Battle-battle -and suffer. It’s about all you do, as far as I can see.\"
\"But why not, my dear? I tell you it’s the best ---\" \"It isn’t. And one ought to be happy, one ought.\" By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently ... \"Eh, my dear -say rather you want me to live.\"
1) Name the works and its writer.
2) Who are the two speakers? How do you know her? Answer:
1) The novel is named \"Sons and Lovers\". It’s the works of D. H. Lawrence. (节选部分在P383)
2) The two speakers are Mrs. Morel and her son (Paul).
Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman. Having been disappointed with her husband, a coal miner, she puts all her feeling on her son, hoping to realize her ideas of success, happiness and social esteem. The distorted relationship reflects the inhuman mechanical civilization and the indifference of the men. (P375—376)
III. Questions and answers:
1. What are the characters of Modernism? Answer:
1) Modernism rose out of scepticism and disillusionment of capitalism; 2) The French symbolism heralded modernism;
3) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base;
4) The major theme of Modernism are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and man, man and himself;
5) The Modernists concern about the private, subjective, inner individual and the tone is disillusioned. (P312—313)
2. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary, how do you know his works? Answer:
1) Lawrence’s interest lay in the psychological development of his character;
2) He criticized the dehumanizing effect of the capitalism industrialization on human which turned man into inhuman machines and unhealthy animal;
3) He believes the life impulse -the sexual impulse was man’s most important instinct, any conscious repression would cause distortion of the man’s personality;
4) He explored the relationship of man and woman in psychology; 5) He believed the alienation and the perversion were caused by the desire for power and money. (P317)
3. What philosophical ideas influenced Modernism? Answer:
1) Karl Marx’s scientific socialism;
2) Darwin’s theory evolution -the social Darwinism \"survival of the fittest\";
3) Einstein’s theory of relativity; 4) Freud’s analytical psychology;
5) The irrational philosophy. (P311—P312)
4. Common sense about \"The Waste Land\" Answer:
\"The Waste Land\" is T. S. Eliot’s masterpiece:
1) The poem presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation;
2) It reflects the mood of disillusionment, frustration, and despair of the whole post-war generation;
3) It concerns with the spirit breakup that man has lost his meaning, significance, and purpose of life;
4) The poem derogated/criticized the civilized world for its horror, menace, anguish and futility. (P359—362)
8. List the representative authors of the \"Stream of Consciousness\" and explain the theory.
Answer:
1) Stream of Consciousness is a narrative method to describing the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, but not using objective description or conventional dialogue.
Authors represent the thought, emotions without logical sequence or syntax and make the characters tell the inner movement of consciousness and the thoughts.
2) The representative authors are: James Joyce \"Ulysses\"
Virginia Woolf \"Mrs. Dalloway\" Richardson \"Pilgrimage\" T. S. Eliot Henry James George Eliot (P389)
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