解析）新人教版必修5
李仕才
一、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England糊状物) and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms’ stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study, says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. ＂＂she explains, ＂The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. ＂
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂
1. What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A. They take plastics as their everyday food.
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B. They are newly evolved creatures.
C. They can consume plastics.
D. They wind up in landfills.
2. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to .
A. identify other means of the breakdown
B. find out the source of the enzyme
C. confirm the research findings
D. increase the breakdown speed
3. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A. help to raise worms
B. help make plastic bags
C. be used to clean the oceans
D. be produced in factories in future
4. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To explain a study method on worms.
B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C. To present a way to break down plastics.
D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
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【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。
1.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段Federica Bertocchini, co-author of the study,
says the worms’ ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic. 可知，研究结果发现，蠕虫分解日常食物的能力让它们可以分解塑料，也就是说它们可以消费塑料。故选C。
3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in some
kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。
4.C 【解析】写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way
to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ＂millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. ＂可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。
二、教材与语法填空
根据教材课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I went into the future because I 1. (win) a prize that gave me 2. tour. I suffered from “time lag” when I left my own time. Wang Ping gave me some green
tablets 3. could help me feel 4. (little) nervous and uncertain. 5. 6. (call) “Future Tours”， transported me 7. (safe) into the future in
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a time capsule. The first thing I noticed was the poor quality of the air, so my head ached. And I found several things 8. (differently): a mask to give me enough oxygen; (belong) to Wang Ping’s parents. There the trees acted as walls and provided oxygen 10. the room; a table, some chairs and a bed rose from under the floor as if by magic.
答案：1.had won 2.a 3.which/that 4.less 5.His
6．called 7.safely 8.different 9.belonging 10.for
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。
A Letter to My Dad
Four years ago we found out about the cancer growing inside you.You told me the news that it had already spread and that you didn't know how long you had __1__.
I was still at university.A parent dying was something that happened to __2__ people—people older than me.I spent the first few months in__3__.For the first time I felt__4__.I wished I could just __5__ you and take the cancer out.But there was nothing I could do.
We've been__6__.You reacted well to treatment and you're still here，though we don't know for how much __7__.
I've always wanted to say that I love you，and that I'm__8__ for everything you've given me.But I can't.It feels like it is this unwritten__9__ in our fatherson relationship that__10__ it.You're a man conservative and guarded with your __11__.You keep them to yourself and __12__ others to do the same.
But I know you __13__.I've seen your proud looks when I've told you about my __14__ at work and school over the years.I've seen your__15__ when things haven't gone well.I remember all the offers of help.
I wish we could talk about what we __16__ to each other.I wish you could tell me you're __17__ and I could tell you I love you.I wish these __18__ concepts of masculinity(男子气概)weren't so deeply __19__ in both of us.Maybe we will still see our way to that __20__ before you go.But whatever the case，I just need to say it—I love you，and thank you.
1．A.waited B．left C．suffered D．stayed 2．A.any B．few C．other D．all
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3．A.doubt B．anger C．vain D．shock 4．A.powerless B．nervous C．lost D．bored 5．A.reach into B．turn to C．stand by D．look into 6．A.confused B．lucky C．active D7．A.better BC．longer D8．A.eager BC．regretful D9．A.letter BC．idea D10．A.prevents BC．destroys D11．A.illnesses BC．belongings D12．A.require BC．allow D13．A.lie BC．care D14．A.achievements BC．goals D15．A.power BC．curiosity D16．A.have BC．leave D17．A.conservative BC．proud D18．A.absurd BC．useful D19．A.lost BC．rooted D．hopeless ．deeper ．further ．grateful ．desperate ．word ．rule ．changes
．transforms ．feelings
．opinions ．expect
．persuade ．understand
．fear
．difficulties
．experiences ．anger
．concern ．give
．mean ．brave
．helpful ．important
．popular ．trapped
．covered
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20．A.situation B．solution
C．achievement D．conversation
【解题导语】你以为你对他的爱很深沉，这是你了解的；你不了解的是，他对你的爱比你的深沉一万倍。对父母的爱，要怎么才说得出口？别太晚。如果没有勇气当面表达，就写封信来告诉他。
1．B 四年前作者发现父亲身患癌症，癌细胞已经扩散，因此，此处指不知道还能活多久。how long you had left是“你还剩下多长时间”的意思，left用作后置定语。故选B项。
2．C 根据该空后的people older than me可判断，作者以为父(母)亲垂死这件事只会发生在比他年龄更大的人身上。故选C项。
3．D in doubt意为“怀疑”；in anger意为“生气地”；in vain 意为“徒劳无益地”；in shock意为“震惊地；吃惊地”。听到父亲患癌这件事，作者当然是长时间地感到震惊。故选D项。
刷有所得·方法：做完形填空题时，有些题要注意该空前后的介词、副词等。有时需要分别把选项与前后的介词、副词相搭配，再判断它们搭配后哪个短语的意思更符合上下文的逻辑。
4．A 根据下文But there was nothing I could do.可知，作者什么都做不了，由此可推测，此处指作者感到无能为力。powerless意为“无能为力的”；nervous意为“紧张不安的；焦虑的”；lost意为“迷路的；不知所措的”；bored意为“厌烦的；烦闷的”。根据语境可知选A项。
5．A 根据下文and take the cancer out可知，此处指作者希望可以进入父亲的身体拿走癌细胞。reach into意为“伸进；伸入”；turn to意为“转向；求助于”；stand by意为“袖手旁观；支持”；look into意为“调查”。故选A项。
6．B 根据该空后面的You reacted well to treatment and you're still here可知，作者的父亲对治疗反应很好并且依然还活着，所以作者一家感觉是幸运的(lucky)。故选B项。confused意为“困惑的；混乱的”；active意为“积极的”；hopeless意为“没有希望的”。
7．C 父亲的治疗效果很好，“我们”很幸运，虽然不知道父亲还能坚持多久，但是他还活着。better意为“更好”；deeper意为“更深”；longer意为“更长久”；further意为“更远”。故选C项。
8．B 根据设空后的everything you've given me可知，作者在此表达对父亲的感激之情。eager意为“渴望的；热切的”；grateful意为“感激的”；regretful意为“遗憾的；后悔的”；desperate意为“绝望的”。故选B项。
9．D 句意为：好像在我们的父子关系上就是这不成文的规则阻止了这句话被说出口。
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unwritten rule意为“不成文的规则”，符合语境。故选D项。
10．A 根据下文的You're a man conservative和You keep them to yourself可知，父亲很保守，所以这一不成文的规则阻止了父爱的表达。prevent意为“阻止；防止”；change意为“改变”；destroy 意为“破坏；摧毁”；transform意为“使改观；使转化”。故选A项。
11．B guarded意为“谨慎的”，结合下文的You keep them to yourself可知，此处指父亲是一个保守的、对情感(feelings)谨慎的人。conservative and guarded with your feelings作后置定语，修饰前面的a man。故选B项。illness意为“疾病”；belongings意为“所有物”；opinion意为“观点”。
12．B 根据前文对父亲的描述conservative, guarded with your ________可知，父亲收敛自己的感情，希望别人也这样做。require意为“要求”；expect意为“期望；盼望”；allow意为“允许”；persuade意为“劝说；说服”。故选B项。
13．C 根据下文的I've seen your proud looks可知，父亲是很在意儿子的。lie意为“撒谎”；understand意为“理解”；care意为“在意；在乎”；fear意为“害怕”。故选C项。
14．A 根据前面的your proud looks可知，父亲自豪的应该是作者取得的成就(achievements)。故选A项。difficulty意为“困难”；goal意为“目标”；experience意为“经历”。
15．D 根据设空后的when things haven't gone well及I remember all the offers of help.可知，当事情进展不顺利时，父亲会主动提供帮助，因此可知，父亲是关心儿子的。power意为“力量；权力”；anger意为“愤怒；生气”；curiosity意为“好奇心”；concern意为“担心；忧虑”。故选D项。
16．D 结合下文I wish you could tell me you're ________ and I could tell you I love you.可知，作者希望父亲能够告诉他父亲是如何想的，作者也能告诉父亲作者爱他。由此可推测，此处指作者希望能够与父亲谈论他们对彼此意味着(mean)什么。故选D项。
17．C 根据上文的your proud looks可知，此处指作者希望父亲能够告诉他父亲为他而自豪。conservative意为“守旧的；保守的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；proud 意为“骄傲的；自豪的”；helpful 意为“有帮助的”。故选C项。
18．A 根据上一题解析及空后的masculinity可知，此处指作者希望这些荒谬的大男子观念不会在他和父亲的心中根深蒂固。absurd意为“荒唐的；可笑的”，符合语境。故选A项。important意为“重要的”；useful意为“有用的”；popular意为“流行的”。
19．C 根据语境可知，此处指作者希望这样的大男子观念不要根深蒂固。lost in意为“迷失在……”；trapped in意为“陷入”；rooted in意为“植根于；深植于”；covered in意为“被……覆盖”故选C项。
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20．D 根据上文的talk about可知，此处指作者与父亲的谈话(conversation)。故选D项。
四、教材与话题写作
(Ⅰ)用本单元所学知识完成下列句子。
1．随着科技的发展， 我对未来生活持乐观态度。(be optimistic about)
答案：With the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future.
2．到那时我们生活的环境更舒适、 美丽。 (surroundings) 答案：By that time,
3．太阳能、 风能将会被充分利用， 海水也会转变成能源， 人们再也不用担心缺乏能源。 (be switched into; lack of energy)
答案：People will not worry about lack of energy any longer because solar energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well. 4．我们不但被提供丰富的衣食， 而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(not only...but also; provide...with)
答案：We will not only be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travelling around the world. 5．正是因为工作效率更高了， 我们在工作学习上的压力将会更小。 (efficiently; stress)
答案：We will have less stress either from our study or work because we can work more efficiently.
(Ⅱ)将以上句子连成短文，要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。
五、下面是李华的一篇作文，文中有五处错误，改正错误并背诵该文。
As the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in the future. By that time, the surroundings which
Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend more time travel around the world. Furthermore, it is because of we can work more efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work. 答案：
As
the development of science and technology, I am optimistic about life in With
which∧
the future. By that time, the surroundingsof energy any longer because solar
where 8 / 9
energy and wind energy will have been made full use of and sea water will be switched into energy as well.
Not only will we be provided with enough food and clothing, but we can also spend travelmore time around the world. Furthermore, it is because of we can work
travellingmore efficiently that we will have less stress either from our study or work.
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