四级写作常见题型： 一、问题解决型 三、对比选择型
二、现象解释型 四、观点论证型
2009 年 12 月真题
1）建设绿色校园十分重要 2）绿色校园不仅指绿环境
3）为了建设绿色校园，我们应该⋯ 2008 年 12 月真题
1）
一次性塑料袋曾广为使用 由此带来的问题
限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义
2）
3）
名校校园正成为旅游新热点
1）
校园是否应对游客开放，人们看法不同 我认为⋯
2）
a) 社会上存在许多不诚实现象 b) 诚实利人利己，做人应该诚实
一、问题解决型：
It is generally accepted that +
问题 is worth paying more attention to.
问题。 Therefore, how to +
Some effective measures have been taken to + First/Above all+ addition+ 方法 3
方法 1。Secondly/Moreover+ 方法
解决该问题 .
2Thirdly/In
As far as I amconcerned+ 对问题做出总体评价。 However, it ’s worth noting that + 全文
应该注意事项。 Therefore,
点名主题，总结
模版例文
Create a Green Campus
It is generally accepted that “Green campus” is, to some extent, a relatively new concept to us. Therefore, how to create a green
campus is worth paying more attention to.
Some effective
measures have been taken to create a “green
campus”. Firstly, as university students, we should take part
in environmental protection activities. Secondly, we should abide rules of saving natural resources, such as water and electricity.
Thirdly, we
might as well attend lectures
on
“sustainable development ” so as to raise the awareness of environmental protection.
As far as I am concerned,“green campus” will do good to
both the campus and the whole society. However, it is worth
noting that some people still haven Therefore, we should give publicity
’t realized this point.
to the importance of
creating a “green campus ” and try our best to solve these problems.
二、 现象解释型
In modern society,
总述现象。 The main reason for
该现象
is
原因 1. Moreover, 原因 2 is also an important
factor for 该
现象。
As everyone sees,
该现象 can bring great effect to
⋯ For
example, 影响 1. What ’ s more,
影响 2. In addition, 影响 3.
From my point of view,
对该想象做出评价：评价 1，评价 2. In
a word 总结全文。
模版例文
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags In
modern societies,
disposable
plastic
bags have been
widely used in our daily life. When we go shopping, in big supermarkets, we will always be provided with plastic
bags for
free. Moreover, most people have been used to using disposable plastic bags as containers for almost everything. As everyone sees, disposable
plastic bags have brought great
negative effects on our environment. For example,
these
’s
plastic bags are the main source of white pollution. What more, plastic
bags can not disappear by natural
decomposition,
so they will exist for a long time. Besides, some people throw
them away casually after use because they are very cheap. From my point of view, limiting the use of
disposable plastic
bags is of great significance. For one thing, the ban on free plastic bags encourages people to use paper or cloth bags, which is favorable to the reduction For another,
it
can help
of environmental
the whole
pollution. nation ’s
increase
consciousness of the importance of environmental protection. To conclude, by limiting the use of disposable plastic bags, everyone can contribute
some effort to the improvement of our
environment.
三、对比选择型
When it comes to
谈论主题 , there is no complete agreement
among people. Some people take for granted that
⋯, however,
others maintain that
⋯.
Those people who hold the first opinion believe that +
观
点 1. In addition,
they insist
that +观点 1 理由。However, still
others think differently. In their opinion+
观点 2. Besides,
they argue that +
观点 2 理由。
Weighing up these two arguments, one. For one thing+ these, I may conclude 模版例文：
I prefer the former/ latter
理由 1. For another+
⋯
理由 2. Considering
Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourists? When it comes to whether the university to tourists,
campus should be open
Some
there is no complete agreement among people.
granted that
university
people take it for embrace tourists
campus should
across the country. However, others maintain
that the university campus should be closed to tourists. Those people who hold the first tourists is contradicting universitie
opinion believe that refusing
s’ openness of spirit.
In addition, they insist that no university has the right to reject tourists However, still many tourists university.
to enter its grounds because it is public others think will
differently.
In their opinion,
land.
too the will
add a burden to the security
argue that
of
Besides, they these tourists
destroy the quiet environment and influence study.
student s’ normal
Weighing up these two arguments, I prefer
by visiting
the university,
the former opinion.
For one thing, high school students
can experience the campus atmosphere and be stimulated to make
a better preparation for the college entrance exam. For another, a university is a public place and should impart the spirit of openness. Considering
these, I may reasonably conclude that
the university campus should welcome all tourists.
四、观点论证型
Nowadays, there still exists +
与论点相冲突想象 . However+
文章论点 . The following reasons can support the argument.
Undoubtedly,
论据 1, 进一步说明论据 1. Furthermore,
论据 2.
For example,
支持论据 2 的事例 . In addition,
论据 3.
All mentioned above tell us that
重申观点 . Therefore, we
should 正确态度或做法 . 模版例文：
It Pays to Be Honest
Nowadays, there still exist many dishonest phenomena, such as cheating, overcharging, producing or selling fake commodities. However, in the long run, dishonesty can bring
many disadvantages while it pays to be honest. The following reasons can support the argument.
Undoubtedly, being honest is not only beneficial to others but also to ourselves. If you are honest, those who associate
with you will certainly profit from you and in turn you will win trust
and respect
from them. Furthermore, honesty can help
build up a more stable and harmonious society. For example, Singapore,
which is a society
low criminal
of trust
whothiness,
has a
is
comparatively essential
rate. In addition, being honest in the modern world,
for a country ’s survival since other
only an honest country countries if it were in trouble.
would have won support from
All mentioned above tell us that it pays to be honest. Only
in an honest society can people fully enjoy their life. Therefore, we should foster the spirit of honesty and let dishonesty have no place to stay in our society.
写作模板
提纲式作文
1． 对立观点式 a. 有人认为 x 是好事，赞成 x， 为什么？ b. 有人认为 x 是坏事， 反对 x，为什么？ c. 我的看法 。 some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that 支持 x 的第一个原因。 they also argue that 支持 x 的另一个原因。 however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that
反对 x 的第一个理由。 an
example can give the details of this argument: there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above －mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式 a．一个错误观点。 错误观点。 by saying that, they mean they have presented is that
b． 我不同意。 many people argue that 对这个观点的进一步解释。 an example
一个例子。 (according to a survey performed by x
on a group of y, almost 80 ％ of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观 点的影响 )。 there might be some element of truth in these people ’s belief. but 与错误观 if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 点相反的观点。 there are a number of reasons behind my belief. ( 以下参照辩论 文的议论文写法 )。 3． 社会问题 (现象 )式 a．一个社会问题或者现象
b． 产生的原因
c．对社会
和我们生活的影响 d ． 如何杜绝。 ( 如果是问题的话 )e ． 前景的预测。 nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public). according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。 (或者是一个例子 )。 there
下面参照辩论式议 are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.
论文写法。 x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life,
参照辩论式议论文的写法。 which has been articulated in the following aspects.
a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more
harm. 同上 based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will ⋯⋯ ..
辩论式议论文
模版 1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think)that 观点 1. but other
people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 观点 2. as for me, i agree
to the former/latter idea. there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 论据 1. more importantly, 论据 2. most important of all, 论据 3. in summary, 总结观点 . as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心 .或:from above, we can predict that 预测 .
模版 2 people hold different views about x. some people are of the opinion that
观点 1, while others point out that 观点 2. as far as I am concerned, the 论据 1.for another, 论据 former/latter opinion holds more weight. for one thing,
2. last but not the least, 论据 3. to conclude, 总结观点 . as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心 . 或 from above, we can predict that 预测 . 模版 3 there is no consensus of opinions among people about x( 争论的焦点 )。
观点 1，while others take an opposite side, some people are of the view that
firmly believing that 观点 2。as far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion is are obvious. first of all, 论据 1。 preferable in many senses. the reasons
furthermore, 论据 2 。 among all of the supporting evidences, one is the
论据 3。 a natural conclusion from the above discussion is strongest. that is,
that 总结观点。 as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心 . 或 from above, we can predict that 预测 .
（三）作文模板
1．以利与弊为重心的写作模板
1）三段式
Para 1 Introduction ( 对题目内容的说明 ) e.g. With the rapid development of
⋯ (e.g. information technology/ economy/
people ’s living standard), ⋯
Para 2 Advantages and disadvantages and support evidence e.g. As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides/ However
， everything
divides into two. This is not an exception. It also has its advantages and disadvantages. On the one hand, it has advantages. Firstly, ⋯ (Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, ⋯(Argument+ support evidence). On the other hand, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, ⋯(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, ⋯ (Argument+ support evidence)
Para 3 Conclusion (可以直接重复前文所阐述过的东西 ; 也可以加上自己的观点 ) e.g. In short, ⋯ has both its advantages and disadvantages. But I think ⋯ 2）四段式 Para 1
Introduction ( 对题目内容的说明 )
e.g. With the rapid development of ⋯ (e.g. information technology/ economy/ people ’s living standard), ⋯ As the old saying goes, every coin has two sides/ However ， everything divides into two. This is not an exception. It also has its advantages and disadvantages.
Para 2 Advantages and support evidence
e.g. On the one hand, it has advantages. Firstly, ⋯ (Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, ⋯(Argument+ support evidence). Para 3 Disadvantages and support evidence
e.g. On the other hand, it also has disadvantages. Firstly, ⋯ (Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, ⋯(Argument+ support evidence).
Para 4 Conclusion (可以直接重复前文所阐述过的东西 ; 也可以加上自己的观点 ) e.g. In short, ⋯ has both its advantages and disadvantages. But I think
⋯
2. 以我的观点为重心的写作模板 (主要是三段式 ) Para 1
Introduction ( 对题目内容的说明 )
e.g. With the rapid development of ⋯ (e.g. information technology/ economy/ people ’s living standard), ⋯
e.g. There is a (public/ general/ heated/ impassioned) debate/ discussion/ controversy nowadays over/ on / concerning the issue/ problem of
⋯ Those
who criticize/ oppose/ object to ⋯ contend/ argue that ⋯ They believe that ⋯ But people who advocate/ favor/ are for ⋯ , on the other hand, maintain/ assert that ⋯
e.g. Now it is commonly/ generally/ widely believed/ held/ accepted/ recognized that ⋯Some people are of the opinion that
⋯/Some people hold
the belief/ view that ⋯/Many people have the idea that ⋯ However, many others disagree that ⋯ Both sides of the question of whether ⋯ are well supported by sound reasons.
Para 2 State your standpoint (for or against); explanation to your standpoint and support evidence
可以在第一段末就表明自己的观点， 也可以在第二段开头表明自己的观点。 可以采用如下套句： 1. 2. 3. 4.
Personally, I side with the former/ latter opinion. Personally, I stand on the side of ⋯
As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the opinion that For my part, I completely agree with the former/ latter.
⋯
5. I fully agree with the statement that ⋯
There are three reasons for this. /The reasons for this are as follows. / The reason for this is obvious. / The reason for this is that... /We have good reason to believe that... / The reasons are chiefly as follows.
⋯(Argument+ support evidence). Secondly, ⋯ (Argument+ support Firstly,
evidence). Last but not the least, ⋯(Argument+ support evidence). Para 3 Conclusion 注：在阐述利与弊或自己的观点时要注意观点（论点）与论据相结合。论据最 好是 statistics 与 your experiences, examples, etc 相结合，交换使用。 1） 使用 statistics: e.g.
1. According to a(n) survey/ investigation/ analysis/ statistics/ report released/
conducted/ made by ⋯, there is a growing/ increasing/ declining number of ⋯ who/ which ⋯
2. Once in a newspaper/ magazine, I hit upon ( came across) a/ the report that ⋯
2）使用 experiences & examples:
e.g. Firstly, shopping on the internet can save much time. According to a report released by the central government, shopping on the internet can save 56% time.(statistics) Secondly, shopping on the internet can save a lot of money. For instance, last week I bought a book on the internet. It costs me only 12 yuan. But if I buy it in a bookstore, I will have to spend 43 yuan.(experiences and examples)
图画作文模板
1．现象型―――现象～现象
现象～意义 现象～观点
2．观点型―――观点～观点
审题目－看图－选择模板－打第一段草稿
阐述意义
现象趋势
描述图画
原因分析
建议措施
举例说明
有 些 词
汇 要 有
变化，比如少用 picture 而用 drawing
观点型
Indicated above is a vivid cartoon/caricature/graph/bar chart/photo that depicts _____________. Obviously ,__________________.But this is the key message conveyed by the drawing .The most striking feature of drawing is that
____________is marked as both 名词 ’‘ and名词‘’ , which indicates that ____________.
The sense of ______,God ’ s greatest gift to mankind ,is universallyconsidered the most valuable personality a man can possess. Everybody not only do sth ,but also should _________. ⋯⋯⋯
Numerous cases exist to illustrate how
important________is.When___________,sb will___________. Or when
_________,sb will_____________. By doing so ,sb have done sth which is like______.
现象型
Indicated above is a vivid cartoon/caricature/graph/bar chart/photo that_____________.In the picture presented to us,_____________;on the contrary/ unexpectedly/ ironically/as a comparison, _________________.
Consequently/Accordingly ,___________.Obviously ,①（好的 现象）this is no flash
in the pan /②(坏的现象)this is a mirror of that society.In that mirror ,we can see
that ,over the past couple of years, certain common and disturbing/alarming/exciting changes/phenomena have taken placed in the society and created serious concerns over the role of sth.
Simple as the drawing is ,the author tends to convey a more profound meaning
that has to be taken seriously事.物 1 in the picture naturally reminds people of
___________,while 事物 2 is usually associated with _________.Thanks to/Due to
原因 1 and 原因 2, 图画结果 . Should this situation go unleashed/continues ,as a
famous professor says 趋,势一
By the time,趋势二
(1) It is imperative for us to take positive measures to put it on hold. For one thing,措施一 ;for another,措施二； still, 措施三 .Only in this way can we have a
brigter future.
(2) On the basis of analysis ,we can confidently predict that great changes have taken place. This tendency ,will be going on in a exiting direction.
(3) On the basis of analysis ,we can confidently conclude that _______have posed tremendous threat to our life. This tendency will be going on in a disturbing direction.
(4) Therefor ,it is high time that we took broad actions to put it on hold .As an old saying goes , ” Don ’ t fix your roof on a rainy day. ”
第一句：说 ⋯ that depicts + 题目或题中名词
⋯ that aim at revealing a serious problem: how to⋯⋯
题目 第二句：说 图画的正
--------
On the contrary ， --------------
第一段
--------
As a comparison，--------------
反面
第三句：说 ⋯ that ____is a virtue that everyone should value highly and expect from both their
friends and children.
好坏 两个象征
图画作文要有象征意义。
好
的 原 因
⋯the policy of opening to the outside world.
⋯current economic prosperity and social progress.
⋯scientific upgrading ,especially the improvement on communciation and
transportation.
⋯historically developed cultural/enlightened tradition.
两个原因
第
⋯lack of social consciousness
⋯lack adequate parental supervision which was common in the tradition.
坏 ⋯the rapid increase of the population in the world 的 ⋯the lower of moral level
原 ⋯people’s short sight activities.
因 ⋯the changes in the social and family structure.
⋯frustration or failure to rise above their social status. ⋯poverty
二
段
两个趋势
趋
势 一
⋯,we will have a second-rate country.We will have a less civil society. ⋯,we will realize the social harmony ,we will have a more civil society.
⋯,there is a possibility that an unenlightened citizenry will extinguish the preciou embers of the virtue of _____.
⋯,________doesharm to the development of our society and civilization than to these people themselves.
If we donot confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts ,if we protect ourselves too much,then we ceaseto grow.We become trapped inside a shell of ou own making,
⋯ ,people will ineviably fall victims ti short sight activies of their own
⋯ ,the real lesson to be learnt is that _______is a virtue that everyone should valu highly and expect from both their chilren and friends. 趋 ⋯,I believe the relationship between people will be harmonious and our society 势 will be a better place for us to live in. 二
Self-centerednessand aritrainess have become a trait of the young generation.
Once leaving their parents,they cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot any hardships and difficulties.
情况趋势
从 政
府
We should appeal to authorities to layaside sufficient fund to develop plans. We should appeal to authorities to make severe laws/policy to control this situatio
第
角 度
从
社
We are obliged to progress the sustainable social and economic development whi
三
建议
会
is the key factor in dealing with _______.
We are obliged to enhance people’s awareness that ____is vital for us.
角
度
We are obliged to work together to counter this threat to our life.
段
从 自 We must not give up efforts in the face of difficulty. 身 We must be aggressive if one wants to succeed. 角 We must harness one’s energy and courage. 度
举例子
。
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