1. 主语：一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、名词化的形容词（the rich）等表示。 简单：由一个动词或动词短语组成 2. 谓语 复合：由情态动词或助动词+动词原形 3. 宾语:位于及物动词和介词后面
4. 表语：一般跟在系动词后面（be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seen、sound、smell、taste、feed、go） 5. 宾语补足语：
6. 定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句
7. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子的成分 8. 同位语：为前面的名词和代词作进一步的解释，在句子中可以看作担当同一个成分 9. 独立成分：与句子没有关系或关系很松，独立于句子之外的成分，例感叹词、呼语、插入语（即使散去也能成为完整的句子）
常用过渡词
时间顺序：first、second、then、finally、at last、to begin、with、immediately、suddenly、soon
空间顺序：here、there、on one side、on the other side、in front of、at the back of、next to 对称关系：for one thing、for the other thing、on one hand、on the other hand
转折关系:but、however、while、though、otherwise、despite、in spite of
条件关系：as long as、so long as、on condition that、if、unless
因果关系：because、since、as、thanks to、as a result of、own to、due to
递进关系：what＇s more、besides、to make matter worse、what＇s worse、in addition、furthermore、moreover
对比关系：unlike、like、similar to、similarly、in the same ways、in contrast、instead
表结果：as a result、therefore、so、consequently、foe the reason
表结论：to sum up、in addition、in summary、at last、finally
让步关系：though、as、even if(though)、whether、who (what、where、when )-ever
插入语：I think、I＇m afraid、you know、as we all know、on one thing is for true(有一点可以确定)
1、虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生的事，而是一种愿望、建议
与事实相反的假设。 条件句 主句 与过去相反 had＋过去分词 与现在相反 动词过去式（be-were） Would/should/could/might＋have done Would/should/could/might＋动词原形 与将来相反 动词过去式 Should ＋动词原形 Were to ＋动词原形 Insist(坚持) Would/should/could/might＋动词原形 Order / command （命令） +(that) sb (should) do sth Suggest/propose/advise（建议） Request /require/demand/ask（要求）
2、倒装句
1) 全部倒装：here/there/then/away/地点/方位/分词+谓语+主语 2) 部分倒装：
No sooner had than+主语 +-ed
Hardly ＋主语＋分词 + when+-ed scarely had when+主语+-ed 否定词+助动词+情态/be主语+动词
Not until＋时间＋助动词/情态动词/be＋主语 Only＋介词短语/副词/状语从句+助动词/情态动词/be＋主语(only修饰主语时不倒装)
apart from +n.除了
expcert for+ n.除了…（不包括后面的） beside 除了…还有…
be absorbed in (doing) sth专心做…/集中精力/全神贯注做
eg： The girl is absorbed in reading the book. be exposed to暴露于
eg: Thousands of people was exposed to cholera. expose…to…暴露
eg：Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight. be enthusiastic for/about/over sth热衷于… eg: They are enthusiastic for making break. be cautions of/about sth在…谨慎
eg: Parents warned us to be cautions of the stranger.
be seated 表示坐的时态 eg：I am seated on the chair. blame sb for doing sth 责备…
eg: the teacher blamed he for being late. blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
eg: They blamed the failure of the action on John.
sb/sth is/was blame for sth 某人应负…责任/某事是某事的起因
eg: John was to blame for the accident. be severe /strict with 对某人严格
eg: The teacher should be severe with students. consist of =be made of=be composed of由…组成 eg: the Unit Kingdom consist of the Great Britian Northern Ireland. consist in 以…为主
cure sb of治疗某人的病/改掉某人的坏习惯 eg： He cured himself of smoking. challenge sb to sth 向…挑战
eg： The grave boy wanted challenge himself to Qomolangman.
divide into 将…分成（部分）
eg: I divide the class into two groups. Sth be divided into sth 被分成… It’s announced that…宣布…
eg：It’s announced that there will be an eight-day National Day Holiday. link…to…把…联系（连接）…
eg: In ancient time the Silk Rood line China to West.
neither…nor…表示全部否定
eg：Neither Peter nor John stole Mary’s book.
suggest (that) sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事
eg: The teacher suggests (that) students (should) go to school on time.
suggest (that) sth (should) be done某事应被做 eg: The teacher suggests (that) the rubbish (should) be moved away.
suspect sb of doing sth怀疑做…
eg： I suspected him of stealing my money. suspect sb to be怀疑某人是… eg: I suspected him to be thief.
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