非谓语动词作状语

非谓语动词作状语

不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较

1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语

1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首) e.g. We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.

We started early (in order / so as) to avoid being late. 我们一早动身，免得迟到。 （In order ）not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.

Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后) 【Exercises】

1． —Did the book give the information you needed?

—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【2008 北京】

A. to find B. find C. to be finding D. finding

2.______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 【2006广东卷】 A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making 2）作原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed… 不定式不放在句首。

e.g. ：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.

We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.

有一个本地人做向导，我们真是太高兴了。

【Exercises】

1. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. 【2008北京卷】 A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed 3) 作结果状语： 不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。

e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门，结果发现房间是空的。 【attention】：①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调‘意外，想不到’。还可加never, 表

示‘没有再…’

e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。

They parted, never to see each other again. 他们分手了，从此没有再见面。

②. 动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式： so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,

too…to , enough to等。

e.g. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.________________________________ He worked hard only to fail. _______________________________________ 他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。

_______________________________________________________________

2. He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陕西卷） A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told 注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配 ① so …as to …

Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?

I’m not such a fool as to believe that.

His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters. The boy is old enough to go to school.

2、分词 （现在分词、过去分词）可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦） though, although） 1）现在分词作状语：

e.g. ①. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 【作时间状语】 Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳起舞来。 ②．Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为一个团员，他总是乐于助人。

Being students, we must study hard. 【作原因状语】

③．He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 【作伴随状语】 She wrote him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help.

他写了一封友好的信给他，感谢他的帮助。

④．Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 【作条件状语】 ⑤．He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【作结果状语】 His parents died last year, leaving him an orphan.

他的父母亲去年死了，使他成为了一个孤儿。

⑥．Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 【作让步状语】 Feeling tired, he went on running. 尽管感觉累，他还是继续跑。 2）过去分词作状语：

e.g. ①. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作时

间状语】

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

从被党接受的那一刻起，他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。 ②．Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the

struggle.

受到演讲的激励，年轻人下定决心开始进行斗争。【作原因状语】

③．The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【作伴随状语】 ④．Given another chance, he will do better. 【作条件状语】 ⑤．Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.

虽然受伤了，但这名勇敢的战士还继续作战。 【作让步状语】

【Summary】：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done. 【attention】：①. 不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别： e.g. 1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.

2. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。

3. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.

我跑到学校，却被告知我没有被北大所录取。

4. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding. 雨下得很大，导致了非常严重的涝灾。

5. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident. 他快速地切断了电，避免了一场事故。 【summary】：不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果，前可加only作

为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结果。分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。 (only) to do → 出乎意料干某事

(thus / thereby) doing → 顺理成章干某事

②.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：be lost

in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。 e.g. Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed.

Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.

③．有时“with（without） + 名词（或代词宾语） + 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。 e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep.

With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down. 【Exercises】

(1) __________in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 【2005湖南】

A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed (2) _____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【2006全国Ⅰ】

A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprising

(3)______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 【2006四川卷】 A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face

(4). When_______ help, one often says “ Thank you. ” or “ It ’ s kind of you. ”【2005福建】

A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered

(5). At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China , __ up around 2

percent of national total.

A. made B. to make C. making D. having made

(6)．European football is played in 80 countries, __it the most popular sports in the world.

A. making B. makes C. made D. to make

(7). With a lot of difficult problems ______ , the newly-elected president is having a

hard time.

A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled

(8). With a lot of difficult problems ______, they decided to take a few days off. A. settling B. to settle C. being settled D. settled

(9). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______. 【05北京】

A. going on B. does on C. went on D. to go on (10). With all the things he _______ , he went home at once.

A. needed buy B. needed bought C. needed buying D. need buy

(11). Faced with a bill for ＄ 10,000,________. 【06陕西卷】

A. John has taken an extra job B. the boss has given john an extra job C. an extra job has been taken D. an extra job has been given to John (12). Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.【2004上海】

A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists (13). In order to improve English, . 【2001上海】

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself

C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father

(13). Pressed from his parents, and _________ that he has wasted too much time, the boy

is determined to stop playing video games. 【12 福建卷】

A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized

(14). ________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.

A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 【12 江苏】

(15). With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______

presents for my dad. 【全国卷】

A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。如：

Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week. So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.

All the tickets _________(sell out), they went away disappointedly. Time ______(permit) , we'll do another two exercises. There _____ (be) no bus, we had to walk home .

His hands ____ （tie） by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.

1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year. A. follows B. followed C. to follow D. being followed 2. All things _______, I think we ought to give the job to George. A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. being considered 3. The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible. A. to rise B. rose C. having risen D. being risen

4. More time _______, we should have done the job much better.

A. to give B. give C. being given D. given 5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _______. A. permits B. permitting C. to permit

D. permitted

6. The monitor _______ ill, we’d better put the meeting off. A. being

B. to be

C. been D. to have been

7. An important lecture _______ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.

A. to be

B. being

C. been D. to have been

8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head. A. to cross B. crossed C. crossing D. to be crossing

9. Tom _______ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed. A. having been

B. been C. to be

D. to being

10. Other things _______ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one. A. being

B. to be

C. been D. having been

注意：

有些短语的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致， 他们在句子中作独立成分 To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked. ★必背：用作独立成分的不定式

to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with/ to be brief 简言之 to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说/ to make matters worse/ to say nothing of 姑且不说 to conclude /to be sure 诚然，固然 rankly/strictly/roughly/exactly speaking, generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., talking of..., supposing... providing，seeing that（考虑到）， allowing for(把…考虑到内)， given, provided

Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

_________________________________________________________________ 告诉你实话吧，我不同意你的建议。

________________________________________________________________ 令事情更加糟糕的事，我的钱包又丢了。

_________________________________________________________ 考虑到距离，他快速动身了。

_______________________________________________________

非谓语作状语总结

非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。 注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。

解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后 与谓语几乎同时进行 先于谓语动作发生（已经完成） 后于谓语动作发生（将要去做，特别是表示目的）

主动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的发出者 doing , S+V having +dong , S+V (in order (not)/ so as to(not) )to do, S+V .. 被动关系，即主语是非谓语动作的承受者 being +done , S+V having been +dong, S + V = ( dong, S+V) (in order (not)/ so as to(not) ) to be done, S+V 巩固练习

1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______. A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed

2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk. B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked

3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having Waited D. To have waited

4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?

A. seat B. sit C. seated D. sat 5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.

A. being blown down B. blown down C. blowing down D. to blow down 6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete

7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.

A. speak. B. speaking C. spoken D. to speak

8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant. A. working B. work C. to work D. worked

9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted 10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.

A. allowing B. to allow C. allowed D. allows

11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped

12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.

A. Having shown B. To be shown C. Having been shown D. To show

13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment. A. wait B. to be waiting C. waited D. waiting

14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.

A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year. A. finding B. being found C. to find D. found

16. ______ that she was going off to sleep, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.

A. Seeing B. To see C. See D. Seen 17. –Did the book give the information you needed? –Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.

A. to find B. find C. to finding D. finding 18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.

A. to welcome B. welcoming C. to be welcomed D. welcomed

19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.

A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown 20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.

A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.

A. having tried B. trying C. to try D. tried

22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing

23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk

24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.

A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located

25 _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.

A. Having told B. Having been told C. Tell only 3 fingers and a thumb.

A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved 27 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out. A. picking up up

28_____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida. A. Discovering Discovered

29 He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.

D. Telling

26. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with

B. picked up C. to pick up D. having picked

B. To discover C. To have discovered D.

A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope

30 _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.

A. Tasted B. Being tasted C. Tasting D. To taste 31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.

A. not make B. not to make C. not making 32 — What do you think of last night’s lecture? — _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring. A. Real

B. General C. Fair

D. Honestly

33 He was so foolish _________ his car unlocked in the public park last night. A to leave B that leave C as to leave D for him to leave 34When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 35 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction. A. seeing

B. having seen C. to have seen

D. to see

36 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left. A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told

37. The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

38. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 39. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.

A. Having lost B. lost C. Being lost D. Losing 40. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well ＿＿＿.

A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending

Keys

1. To sleep late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. 2. To improve the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a coffee break.

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Seeing those pictures, we couldn’t help thinking of those days in Beingjing. AC

I am pleased to see you. C

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. B

Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

Seeing these pictures, we couldn’t help thinking of those days in Beijing. Not knowing his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him.

Having studied in this school for one year, I am familiar with it.

D. do not make

He is sitting at the table, reading.

The children went out of the room, chatting and laughing. Working hard at English, you will make greater progress.

Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to our school. Her husband died, leaving her with two children.

The fire lasted for two months, leaving the house in ruins. .CA

Though feeling tired, he keeps on running.

Though admitting you are right, I do not agree with you. Once seen , it will never be forgotten. D

If / When heated, water changes into steam.

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job. ABA

1) ----8) CDABABBC 1—10 CACDB AABAA

To tell you the truth, I do not agree to your suggestion. To make matters worse, my purse was gone. Considering the distance, he set off quickly. 巩固练习

1-5 BBCCB 6-10 DCABC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 AACCD 21-25 BABDB 26-30 ABABC 31-35 BDAAD 36-40 BDBBB