PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Inthistask,youaretowriteanessayontheroleofphysicalexerciseinachievingsuccessatcollege.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.
PartⅡListeningComprehension(25minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce．Parentingbringsfathersmorejoythanitdoesmothers,accordingtoanewstudy.Theresearchexaminedthreestudies26morethan18,000participants.Acrossallthree,parenthoodwas27withmorepositivewellbeingoutcomesfordadsthanformums.
Sowhyarefathershappierthanmothers?“Fathersmayfarebetterthanmothersinpartduetohowtheyspendtimewiththeirchildren,”saidleadauthorKatherineNelson-Coffey.Inonestudy,theauthors28thatdadsweremorelikelytotake“playing”asan29activitybothwhencaringfortheirkidsandspendingtimewiththeirkids.“Playingwiththeirchildrenlikelyoffersparentsopportunitiestoexperiencepositivefeelingsand30closenesswiththeirchildren,”theysay.
Fathersalsodidbetterthanmenwithoutkids,reportinggreaterhappiness,lifesatisfaction,andfewer31symptoms.Theyalsoreportedgreaterconnectednessandautonomy(自主).Formums,32,comparedtowomenwithoutchildren,theresultsweren’tquiteaspositive.Mumsreportedgreaterautonomy,butalso“greatertrouble”andfewerpositive33.
Mumsreportedhappiermoodswhileinteractingwiththeirkids,comparedtootherexperiences,butnotwhileengaging34inchildcare.“Thisdifferencesuggeststhathowmothersandfathersspendtimewiththeirchildrenmighthaveimportant35fortheirwellbeing,”theauthorswrite.Theysuspectthatmumsmaybelesshappythandadsbecausethey’remorelikelytohavehigherexpectationsaboutparenthood.Assuch,they’remorelikelytobe“letdown”bytheexperience.
A)additionalB)associatedC)composingD)cultivateE)depressive
F)directlyG)emotionsH)howeverI)implicationsJ)interfered
K)involvingL)noteM)preciselyN)superficialO)therefore
SectionB
Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.
Learningtosayno
A)Notdoingsomethingwillalwaysbefasterthandoingit.Thisphilosophyappliesinmanyareasoflife.Forexample,thereisnomeetingthatgoesfasterthannothavingameetingatall.Thisisnottosayyoushouldneverattendanothermeeting,butthetruthisthatwesay“yes”totoomanythingswedon’tactuallywanttodo.
B)Howoftendopeopleaskyoutodosomethingandyoujustreply,“Sure.”Threedayslater,you’reoverwhelmedbyhowmuchisonyourto-dolist.Webecomefrustratedbyourobligationseventhoughweweretheoneswhosaid“yes”totheminthefirstplace.Evenworse,peoplewilloccasionallyfighttodothingsthatwastetime.Youdon’thavetodosomethingjustbecauseitexists.It’sworthaskingifthingsarenecessary.Manyofthemarenot,andasimple“no”willbemoreproductivethanwhateverworkthemostefficientpersoncancopewith.Butifthebenefitsofsaying“no”aresoobvious,thenwhydowesay“yes”sooften?
C)Wesay“yes”tomanyrequestsnotbecausewewanttodothem,butbecausewedon’twanttobeseenasrudeorunhelpful.Often,wehavetoconsidersaying“no”tosomeonewewillinteractwithagaininthefuture—ourco-worker,ourspouse,ourfamilyandfriends.Saying“no”tooursuperiorsatworkcanbeparticularlydifficult.Inthesesituations,IliketheapproachrecommendedinEssentialismbyGregMcKeown.Hewrites,“Remindyoursuperiorswhatyouwouldbeneglectingifyousaid‘yes’andforcethemtodealwiththetrade-off.Forexample,ifyourmanagercomestoyouandasksyoutodoX,youcanrespondwith‘Yes,I’mhappytomakethisthepriority.WhichoftheseotherprojectsshouldIdeprioritizetopayattentiontothisnewproject?’”
D)Collaboratingwithothersisanimportantelementoflife.Thethoughtofstrainingtherelationshipoutweighsthecommitmentofourtimeandenergy.Forthisreason,itcanbehelpfultobegraciousinyourresponse.Dowhateverfavorsyoucan,andbewarm-heartedanddirectwhenyouhavetosayno.Butevenafterwehaveaccountedforthesesocialconsiderations,manyofusstillseemtodoapoorjobofmanagingthetrade-offbetweenyesandno.Wefindourselvesover-committedtothingsthatdon’t
meaningfullyimproveorsupportthosearoundus,andcertainlydon’timproveourownlives.
E)Perhapsoneissueishowwethinkaboutthemeaningofyesandno.Thewords“yes”and“no”getsooftenusedincomparisonwitheachotherthatitfeelsliketheycarryequalweightinconversation.Inreality,they’renotjustoppositeinmeaning,butofentirelydifferentmagnitudesincommitment.Whenyousay“no”,you’reonlysaying“no”tooneoption.Whenyousay“yes”,you’resaying“no”toeveryotheroption.IlikehoweconomistTimHarfordputit,“Everytimewesay‘yes’toarequest,we’realsosaying‘no’toanythingelsewemightaccomplishwiththetime.”Onceyou’recommittedtosomething,you’vealreadydecidedhowthatfutureblockoftimewillbespent.Inotherwords,saying“no”savesyoutimeinthefuture.Saying“yes”costsyoutimeinthefuture.“No”isaformoftimecredit.Youretaintheabilitytospendyourfuturetimehoweveryouwant.“Yes”isaformoftimedebt.Youhavetopaybackyourcommitmentatsomepoint.
F)“No”isadecision.“Yes”isaresponsibility.Saying“no”issometimesseenasaluxurythatonlythoseinpowercanafford.Andit’strue:turningdownopportunitiesiseasierwhenyoucanfallbackonthesafetynetprovidedbypower,money,andauthority.Butit’salsotruethatsaying“no”isnotmerelyaprivilegereservedforthesuccessful.It’salsoastrategythatcanhelpyoubecomesuccessful.Saying“no”isanimportantskilltodevelopatanystageofyourcareerbecauseitretainsthemostimportantassetinlife:yourtime.AsinvestorPedroSorrentinoputit,“Ifyoudon’tguardyourtime,peoplewillstealitfromyou.”Youneedtosay“no”towhateverisn’tleadingyoutowardyourgoals.
G)NobodyembodiedthisideabetterthanSteveJobs,whosaid,“Peoplethinkfocusmeanssaying‘yes’tothethingyou’vegottofocuson.Butthat’snotwhatitmeansatall.Itmeanssaying‘no’tothehundredothergoodideasthatthereare.Youhavetopickcarefully.”Jobshadanothergreatquoteaboutsaying“no”:“I’mactuallyasproudofthethingswehaven’tdoneasthethingsIhavedone.Innovationissaying‘no’to1,000things.”
H)Overtime,asyoucontinuetoimproveandsucceed,yourstrategyneedstochange.Theopportunitycostofyourtimeincreasesasyoubecomemoresuccessful.Atfirst,youjusteliminatetheobviousdistractionsandexploretherest.Asyourskillsimproveandyoulearntoseparatewhatworksfromwhatdoesn’t,youhavetocontinuallyincreaseyourthresholdforsaying“yes”.Youstillneedtosay“no”todistractions,butyoualsoneedtolearntosay“no”toopportunitiesthatwerepreviouslygoodusesoftime,soyoucanmakespaceforbetterusesoftime.It’sagoodproblemtohave,butitcanbeatoughskilltomaster.
I)Whatistrueabouthealthisalsotrueaboutproductivity:anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.Moreeffortiswasteddoingthingsthatdon’tmatterthaniswasteddoingthingsinefficiently.Andifthatisthecase,eliminationisamoreusefulskillthanoptimization.I’mremindedofthefamousPeterDruckerquote,“Thereisnothingsouselessasdoingefficientlythatwhichshouldnotbedoneatall.”36.Peopleoftengrantarequestjustbecausetheywanttoappearpoliteandhelpful.
37.It’snoeasyjoblearningtosay“no”toopportunitiesthatwereonceconsideredworthgrasping.
38.Whenyoudeclinearequest,youaresavingyourfuturetime.
39.Peoplesometimesstruggletodothingsthataresimplyawasteoftime.40.Doingefficientlywhatisnotworthdoingisthemostuselesseffort.
41.Itisespeciallydifficultforpeopletodeclinetodowhattheirsuperiorsaskthemtodo.42.Peopleagreetodotoomanythingstheyareinfactunwillingtodo.
43.Accordingtoonefamousentrepreneur,innovationmeansrefusaltodoanenormousnumberofthings.
44.Itisanessentialaspectoflifetocooperatewithotherpeople.
45.Refusingarequestissometimesseenasaprivilegenotenjoyedbyordinarypeople.
SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestions
orunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.We’reeatingmorefishthaneverthesedays.Ataround20kilogramsperpersonglobalfishconsumptionisnowmorethantwicewhatitwasinthe1960s.What’sreallyremarkable,though,iswherethatfishcomesfrom.
Forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,mostofouraquatic(水产的)foodnowcomesfromfarmingratherthanfishing.
Peopleatearound73milliontonnesoffarmedfish—justmorethanhalfofthevolumeoffishthathumansconsumed—in2014.That’soutofatotalfishsupplyof167milliontonnes;theremaining20millionorsotonnesgointothingslikeanimalfeedandmedicalproducts.
Tokeepeatingfishatthecurrentrate,we’redefinitelygoingtoneedtokeepaquaculture(水产养殖)developing.That’sbecausethevolumeoffishcaughtinthewildhasleveledoffsincethe1990s.
Backin1974,only10%ofmarinefishstockshadbeenoverfished.Now,morethanthree-tenthsare.Onlyatenthofouroceans’fishstockscouldsustainheavierfishingthancurrentlevels.
Butwhilecatchingsatseahavesuffered,fish-farminghasbeengrowingatafastrate.AlotofthatiscomingfromChina,whichproduces60%oftheworld’sfarmedfish.Infact,some35countries,includingChina,nowproducemorefarmedthanwild-caughtfish.
Thisshifttowardaquacultureisn’tjustgoodforensuringsalmon(三文鱼)onyourplate;it’salsocrucialtoensuringfoodsecurityandsustainability.By2050,theworldwillneedtofeedanestimated9.7billionpeople.They’llhavetogettheirproteinsomewhere.However,raisingcattle,pigs,andotherland-basedanimalsrequiresvastsumsofgrainandwater.Forexample,poundforpound,beefrequires15timesmorefeedtoraisethancarp,afreshwater
fishfarmedalloverAsia.Thatgrain—andthewaterneededtogrowit—couldbeconsumedbypeopleinstead.
However,aquacultureisnosilverbullet.InsomesoutheastAsiancountries,shrimpfarmingdoesdisastrousdamagetomarineecosystems.Despitetheseproblems,however,shrimpcontinuestobeamongthemostpopularseafoodsworldwide.46.Whatdoestheauthorsayisremarkableaboutthefishweeat?A)Theyreproducequickly.B)Theyaremostlyfarmed.
C)Theyhavebecomeasimportantasgrain.D)Theyhavealongerhistorythanhumans.
47.Whatdoweneedtodoifwekeepconsumingfishatthecurrentrate?A)Increasethefishingvolumeconsiderably.B)Developmoreadvancedfishingtechnology.C)Enlargethemarinefishstockseffectively.D)Expandthescaleoffish-farmingcontinuously.
48.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutChinaintermsofaquaticfood?A)Itplacesincreasingemphasisonfishingnow.B)Itboastsoftheworld’slargestfishingstocks.C)Itraisesmorefishthancaughtfromthewild.D)Itsupplies60%oftheworld’sfishproducts.
49.Whydoestheauthorsayaquacultureissoimportantthesedays?A)Itisamustforfeedingtheworld’sfast-growingpopulation.B)Itprovesareliablesourceofproteinforhumansandanimals.C)Itisessentialtomaintainingbothmentalandphysicalhealth.D)Itensuresabalancedhealthydietforpeopletheworldover.
50.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysayingaquacultureisnosilverbullet?A)Shrimp-farmingisariskybusiness.B)Fish-farmingwillnotbesustainable.
C)Fish-farmingmaycauseseriousproblemstoo.D)Shrimp-farmingcanbecomequiteexpensive.
PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.In2020,theNobelPeacePrizewasawardedtotheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP).WhyaNobelPrizefortheWFP,andwhynow?In2019,theWFPassistednearly100millionpeoplein88countries.Itisthesafetynetforthosewhofallofftheedgeofexistence.Itisaresponsetosolvingtheproblemoffoodinstability.ItsNobelPrizeremindsusallofthemoralhazardinimaginingthatthepoorandvulnerablearesomebodyelse’sproblem.
TheWFPhasbeenaroundsince1961andhasbeentheglobalcoordinatorofnationallybasedeffortstoavoiddisasterswithfoodaid.Despitedecadesofefforttoeliminatehunger,thelatestestimateisthatabout11%ofpeopleontheplanet(about820millionpeople)are
sufferingdailyundernourishment.Progressatreducingundernourishmenthasstoppeddespitegainsthroughthe1990sand2000s.
Developedcountriessometimesofferfoodandaidtodevelopingones,butataprice.OneAmericanphilosopherstatedthataddressingtheneedsofthepoorandvulnerableisaboutmorethanmoney—itismostlyaboutcreatingconditionsunderwhichprosperityandopportunitycanthrive.Whenaidisofferedwithheavyconditionsattached,likeloanrepaymentorfoodforresources,itoftenwidensthegapbetweenrichandpoorandsustainstheoldworldorder.ThisiswhytheworkoftheWFPissovital.
Thescientificcommunity,however,canprovideahelpinghandtotheWFP.Bysharingknowledgeofagricultureandclimatewithpeersincountriesmostvulnerabletopovertyandhunger,scientistscanhelpreducetheseproblems.Bymakingitsvoiceheard,sciencecanleadbyexample.Theabilitytoovercomefoodshortagesthatmustbebuiltintosomeofthepoorestcountrieswillnotcomefromloansfromwealthycountries,whichmayhavefoodproblemsoftheirown,orworldeconomicinstitutions.Thisabilitywillbebuiltuponself-confidentpeopleusingopenandsharedscientificknowledgetopullthemselvesoutoftheirmisery.
51.WhatdoestheWFP’swinningoftheNobelPeacePrizemakeusrealize?A)Moreandmorepeopleintheworldaresufferingfromstarvation.B)Allofuscanbeaffectedbyfoodinstabilityonewayoranother.C)Itishazardoustoleavemillionsofpeoplepoorandvulnerable.D)Itismorallywrongtothinkhelpingthepoorisnotourbusiness.52.WhatdowelearnabouttheWFP’sefforttoeliminatehunger?A)Ithasensuredasufficientfoodsupplytomillions.B)Itisstillfarfromitsgoaldespitetheprogressmade.C)Ithasdoneagoodjobincombatingnaturaldisasters.D)Itispreventingstarvationoccurringonaglobalscale.53.Whatwillhappenwhenfoodaidisofferedataprice?A)Therichwillbecomericherandthepoorpoorer.B)Morepeoplewillbewillingtojoinintheeffort.C)Morefoodwillbemadeavailabletotheneedy.D)Thereliefeffortwillberenderedlesssustainable.54.Howcanscientistshelpcopewithpovertyandhunger?
A)Bycollaboratingcloselywithworldeconomicinstitutions.B)Bysharingexpertisewithpeersinpoverty-strickennations.
C)Bysettingupmorefoodresearchprogramsindevelopingcountries.D)Bybuildingself-respectinpeoplesufferingfromundernutrition.55.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyattheendofthepassage?A)Wealthynationsshouldsolvetheirownfoodproblemsfirst.B)Richcountriesshouldbemoregenerousinprovidingfoodaid.
C)Poornationsshouldenhancetheirownabilitytosolvetheirfoodshortages.D)Worldeconomicinstitutionsshouldplayabiggerroleinfightinghunger.PartⅣ
Translation
(30minutes)
Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.
冬至（WinterSolstice）是全年白昼最短、黑夜最长的一天，标志着一年中最寒冷时节的开始。冬至过后，气温越来越低，人们的户外活动逐渐减少。农民地里活儿不多，主要忙于灌溉系统的维护和农作物的防冻，同时为来年春天播种做准备。中国人历来很重视冬至，许多地方都把冬至当作一个节日，庆祝方式各地不尽相同。北方人有冬至吃饺子（jiaozi）的习俗，南方人有冬至吃汤圆（tangyuan）的传统。
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