动名词

基本概念：动名词和名词一样，通常在句子中充当主语、宾语和表语或定语。 1. 动名词作主语表示抽象或习惯性动作，谓语动词多用单数。如： Watching TV was and still is , a major pastime for most people. Collecting all sorts of information is very important for businessmen. Once your business becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life. a. you fly b. your flight c. flight d. flying

但如果主语部分过长则可使用It作形式主语，而将动名词短语后移。常见形式有： It is no good/no use doing something. 做…是无用的 It is no use arguring with such a bornheaded man. 2. 动名词作宾语

1）动名词作动词宾语，常用的动词有：

admit/ confess/ deny doing, suggest/ advise/ propose/ recommend doing delay/ postpone doing excuse/ forgive/ pardon doing permit/ allow/ forbid doing avoid/ escape doing involve/ include doing

appreciate; consider; understand; imagine; practice; risk; resist; fancy; mention 常用的短语如：

feel like doing; give up doing; put off doing; can’t stand/resist doing be worth doing; can’t help doing

2) 动名词作介词宾语，记住以下短语：

be used/ accustomed to doing; object to doing; get down to doing; devote…to doing be devoted to doing; sit down to doing; with a view to doing; look forward to doing pay attention to doing; lead to doing; When it comes to doing; be reduced to doing

3. 动名词学习要点：

1）动名词所有格和普通格区别

比较：Do you mind my smoking in the sitting room? Do you mind me smoking in the sitting room? Father’s coming back excited the children.

=That father came back excited the children. 2）动名词否定位于动名词之前：

Victor apologized for his not being able to inform me of the change in time. His not finishing the design on time cost him the chance. 3）注意动名词的时态和语态的变化

We must do something to prevent water from being polluted. I am sorry for not having kept my promise. The bird was lucky to have missed being caught. 4）注意动名词和不定式的区别：

mean to do try to do stop to do go on to do mean doing try doing stop doing go on doing

remember/ regret/ forget to do be worth doing remember/ regret/ forget doing be worthy to be done

sth. need/ want/ require doing = sth. need/ want/ require to be done

分词及其句法功能：

1）分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示主动和正在进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。

现在分词与过去分词用法区别

1. 作表语： eg. 表示主语的感受 -ing 表示主语的特征，如： The news was disappointing and all of us were disappointed. The speech was over but the audience remained seated. The sights seemed more fascinating at the dawn. 2. 作定语

共同点：单个分词作定语位于被修饰之前，分词短语位置在后。 The excited people rushed into the building. The man standing by the window The changing society The library built last year

The problems discussed at the meeting yesterday 不同点1）-ed表示被动 -ing 表示主动 The problems discussed at the meeting yesterday The man standing by the window

2）现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示完成 the falling leaves the fallen leaves

the changing situation an escaped prisoner

3）现在分词的被动式与过去分词表示被动的区别

Lots of constructions being built can be seen everywhere in the city.

Lots of constructions built in recent years can be seen everywhere in the city. The Olympics held every fore years will take place in London in 2012. 4）注意以下用法

a worried look; a disappointed voice; a puzzled feeling; an excited manner

学习现在分词作定语注意要点：

现在分词完成式having done 和被动式 having been done 一般不做定语

The Olympic Games, having been held in Beijing in 2008, was very successful. The Olympic Games, held in Beijing in 2008, was very successful.

3. 分词作宾语补足语：补充说明宾语的状态

学习要点：1）现在分词与过去分词做宾语补足语的区别： His words left me wondering what he was driving at.

Can you give me some advice on how to get conversation going. When he came back he found his house broken into. I am sorry to have kept you waiting.

Be sure to keep me informed of their present situation. The teacher left his students waiting in the classroom. He lft his work unfinished and went home.

2）注意以下感官动词后接分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别 We saw the girl cross the street and run away. We saw the girl crossing the street.

I have never heard the name mentioned.

I’d like to see the plan carried out as soon as possible.

4. 分词作状语

1)可以与相对应的状语从句互换

2）在选择现在分词或过去分词作状语时，应认真研究判断句子的主语。如果对主语而言动作是主动的，则用现在分词，如果是被动的，则用过去分词。 3）分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。

4）现在分词所表示的动作在主句动作之前发生，用它的完成式having done. 5）当分词短语语义不清时，往往保留连接词while, when, if, unless, though等。

Practice:

I. 阅读下列各句，判断分词短语作状语的句法功能： 1. While looking through the paper, she found some errors.

2. Trained properly, some species of animals will be able to do a lot of things like hunting. 3. Making another effort, you may do better than now. 4. the children ran in all directions, screaming and crying. 5. Having turned off the light, he left the room in a hurry. 6. Compared with America, we still have a long way to go. 7. Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital. 8. Though tired out, they didn’t stop to have a rest.

9. Not knowing what to do, he turned to his father for advice. 10. He came running all the way to tell me the good news. 从以上句子中我们可以知道，分词可以作原因状语（9）（7），条件状语（2）（3）（6），时间状语（1）（5），伴随状语（4）（10）让步状语（8）

2. 判断正误

1)The movie having been translated into many foreign languages is very popular among young people. ( )

2)The movie translated into many foreign languages is very popular among young people. ( )

3)Having many good properties, metal is widely used in industry. ( ) 4)Followed by a group of old women, I had to slow down my pace. ( ) 5)Following the guide, a group of old women asked him to slow down. ( ) 6)Having so many good properties, we often use metal in industry. ( )

7)The student, having completed their tasks ahead of time were praised by the headmaster. ( )

8)The research paper having been written in a hurry had a lot of mistakes. ( ) 9)After reaching home, a Christmas card was lying on the table. ( ) 10)Before going to bed, everything should be well prepared. ( ) 11)On returning home, I found a Christmas card on my desk. ( )

12)I don’t mind him smoking in the room, but he making a lot of noise annoyed me. ( ) 13)Tom being late for school made his teacher surprised. ( )

14)He was awarded a prize for completing 20 years of reaching. ( ) 15)This substance does not dissolve in water whether heated or not. ( )