您的当前位置:首页动名词

动名词

2021-03-12 来源:乌哈旅游


动名词

一. 动名词概说

动名词既具有动词的性质,又具有名词的性质,因此叫动名词。(归根结底动名词的词性是名词。)

1. 动名词的动词性质表现在,它可以组成动名词短语,如:

My job is arranging the agenda for my boss.

我的工作是为老板安排日程。

I finished the project in a month by working overtime.

我靠加班在一个月内做完了这个项目。

2. 动名词的名词性质表现在,它可以在句中用作主语、宾语等,如:

Studying abroad can be a good experience.

留学是一种很好的经历。(作主语)

I regret telling her the truth. 我后悔告诉她事实真相了。(作宾语)

二. 动名词的形式和特征

1. 动名词的主动形式:doing

2. 动名词的被动形式:being done

3. 动名词的复合结构:形容词性物主代词/名词所有格/名词/宾格人称代词+动名词

在动名词复合结构中,物主代词或名词所有格是动名词的逻辑主语,这种复合结构多用作主语或宾语,也可用作表语或介词宾语。当动名词短语作宾语,放在动词或介词后时,名词所有格或物主代词分别可用名词普通格或人称代词宾格代替,如:

She suggested us forgiving him.

她建议我们原谅他。(作宾语)

His not knowing English brought him a lot of inconvenience.

他不懂英语,这给他带来许多麻烦。(作主语)

Our only worry is George’s overestimating himself.

我们唯一担心的就是乔治高估了他自己。(作表语)

I strongly object to your delivering the speech.

我强烈反对你发表讲话。(作介词宾语)

三. 动名词的用法

1. 动名词作主语

Retelling stories is very useful.

复述故事是很有用的。

Her resigning surprises us.

她的辞职让我们很惊讶。

在一些句子中,常用 it 作形式主语,将动名词放在句子后面。此类句型有:

1) It is + no use/no good/no fun/a great pleasure/a waste of time等名词+doing sth.

It is no good crying.

哭没有好处。

It is no use fixing.

修也没有用。

It is great fun traveling.

旅行很有趣。

It is a waste of time playing computer games.

玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。

2) It is + useless+doing sth.

It is useless crying.

哭没有用。

2. 动名词作表语

Seeing is believing.

百闻不如一见。

My idea is making a plan first.

我的想法是先做一个计划出来。

3. 动名词作宾语

动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如:

I haven't finished reading today's newspaper.

我还没读完今天的报纸。

I'm afraid of going to the dentist.

我害怕去看牙医。

4. 动名词作定语

I would like to choose a house with a swimming pool.

我想选个带游泳池的房子。

四. 动名词与不定式的比较

1. 动名词可以作介词的宾语,还可被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰;不定式通常不作介词宾语,更不能被名词所有格(或物主代词)修饰。

She is afraid of going to the dentist.(√)

She is afraid of to go to the dentist.(×)

她害怕去看牙医。

2. 固定用法

1)某些动词后只能加动名词,常见的此类动词有:admit,avoid,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,finish,include,keep,miss,stop,suggest,give up 等,如:

I enjoy dancing.(√)

l enjoy to dance.(×)

我喜欢跳舞。

2)某些动词后只能加不定式,常见的此类动词有:agree,ask,claim,choose,decide,demand,determine,expect,fail,hope,manage,offer,promise,quit,refuse,resolve,wish 等,如:

l decide to quit smoking.(√)

l decide quitting smoking.(X)

我决定戒烟。

3)某些动词后面既可加动名词也可加不定式,常她的此类动词有:attempt,begin,continue,deserve,fear,forget,help,intend,learn,like,love,mean,need,prefer,regret,remember,start,try等,如:

She cannot help crying.她不禁哭了起来。

She cannot help to cook.她不能帮忙做饭。

因篇幅问题不能全部显示,请点此查看更多更全内容