Golden Reading for Senior Middle School Students
一、人物类
(1)
In October 1961 at Crowley Field in Cincinnati Ohio an old deaf gentleman named William E. Hoy stood up to throw the first ball of the World Series. Most people at Crowley Field on that day probably did not remember Hoy because he had retired(退休) from professional baseball 58 years earlier in 1903. However he had been an outstanding player and the deaf people still talk about him and his years in baseball.
William E. Hoy was born in Houckstown Ohio on May 23, 1862. He became deaf when he was two years old. He attended the Columbus Ohio School for the deaf. After graduation he started playing baseball while working as a shoemaker.
Hoy began playing professional baseball in 1886 for Oshkosh(Wisconsin) of the Northwestern League. In 1888 he started as an outfielder(外场手) with the old Washington Senators. His small figure and speed made him an outstanding base runner. He was very good at stealing bases during his career. In the 1888 major league season he stole 82 bases. He was also the Senators‟ leading hitter in 1888. Hoy was clever and he threw right-handed and batted left-handed. On June 19,1889 he threw out three batters(击球手) at the plate from his outfield position.
The arm signals used by judges today to show balls and strikes began because of Hoy. The judge lifted his right arm to show that the pitch was a strike and his left arm to signal that it was a ball.
For many years people talked about Hoy‟s last ball game in 1903. He was playing for Los Angeles of the Pacific Coast Winter League. It was a memorable game because Hoy hit a wonderful ball which won the game. It was a very foggy day and therefore very hard to see the ball. In the ninth inning(棒球的一局) with two men out, Hoy managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. Los Angeles defeated their opposition and won the game.
After he retired Hoy stayed busy. He ran a dairy farm near Cincinnati for 20 years. He also became a public speaker and traveled giving speeches. Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week. On December 15, 1961 William Hoy died at the age of 99.
1. In which order did the following things happen in Hoy‟s life? a. Hoy worked as a shoemaker. b. Hoy began to run a diary farm.
c. Hoy played a memorable game in the heavy fog.
1
d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series. e. Hoy became deaf. A. d e a c b
B. e a c b d
C. d a e c b
D. e a b c d
2. We can infer from the last paragraph that Hoy _______ in his late years. A. became famous
B. led a relaxed life
D. was in good physical condition
C. traveled around the world
3. This passage is mainly about _______. A. a deaf player devoted to the game of baseball B. baseball game rules and important players C. the rise in the social position of the deaf people D. where the baseball judge hand signals came from 4. What can be inferred from this passage? A. Hoy was the greatest baseball player in his time.
B. Speaking and listening are not necessary in baseball games. C. The judge had to study the hand signals very seriously.
D. Hoy‟s family encouraged him to become a baseball player.
【答案解析】本文介绍了美国20世纪初最杰出的棒球选手Hoy不平凡的一生。
1. B。细节题。此题要求对事件发生的先后顺序进行排序。可用首尾定位法，即找到第一个发生的事件 (e. Hoy became deaf.)，再找到最后一个发生的事件 (d. Hoy threw the first ball of the World Series.)，故可排除A、C。再进行比较可知B最佳。
2. D。推断题。根据Until a few years before his death he took 4-10 mile walks several mornings a week.，可见在他生命的最后岁月里，他的身体状况很好。
3. A。主旨题。纵观全文可知。
4. A。推断题。根据he stole 82 bases…the Senators‟ leading hitter…threw out three batters…managed to catch a fly ball to make the third out in spite of the fog. 等细节，可以判断Hoy是他那个时代最杰出的棒球选手。
(2)
The Man of Many Secrets — Harry Houdini — was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes — from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his “magic” tricks.
Of course, his secret was not magic, or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.
Houdini started working in the entertainment world when he was 17, in 1891. He and his brother Theo performed card tricks in club in New York. They called themselves the Houdini Brothers. When Harry married in 1894, he and his wife Bess worked together as magician and assistant. But for a long time they were not very successful. Then Harry performed his first prison escape, in Chicago in 1898.
2
Harry persuaded a detective to let him try to escape from the prison, and he invited the local newspapermen to watch.
It was the publicity(宣传) that came from this that started Harry Houdini‟s success. Harry had fingers trained to escape from handcuffs and toes trained to escape ankle chins. But his biggest secret was how he unlocked the prison doors. Every time he went into the prison cell, Bess gave him a kiss for good luck — and a small skeleton key, which is a key that fits many locks, pass quickly from her mouth to his.
Harry used these prison escapes to build his fame. He arranged to escape from the local prison of every town he visited. In the afternoon, the people of the town would read about it in their local newspapers, and in the evening every seat in the local theater would be full. What was the result? World-wild fame, and a name remembered today.
1. According to the passage, Houdini‟s success in prison escapes depends on _______.
A. his special tricks and supernatural powers B. his unusual ability and a skeleton key C. his magic tricks and unhuman powers D. his wisdom and magic tricks
2. In the fourth paragraph, the underlined word “this” refers to _______. A. his first prison escape C. the publicity A. in 1894
B. the year 1898
D. Harry Houdini‟s success B. before he married
3. It can be inferred from the passage that Houdini became famous _______. C. at the age of 17 A. A Skeleton Key C. World-wild Fame (1—4 BADD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了Harry Houdini特技成功的经历和方法。 1. B。细节题。根据第4段第2句：Harry把手、脚都训练得很灵活来摆脱手链脚铐及第4句后半部分：妻子通过接吻传给他万能钥匙，可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。单词理解题。根据语境，this指上文所表演的事情：第一次越狱成功。由此可推知此题答案为A。
3. D。推断题。第3段第1句：他步入娱乐圈时是1891年，17岁；倒数第2句：第一次成功是1898年，时隔七年，应是24岁，可推知此题答案为D
4. D。主旨题。由文章第1段第2句：He was a man famous for his escapes — from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water，可知Harry 因逃脱出名，后面列举的例子谈的是他从监狱成功地逃出，所以答案为D。
(3)
3
D. when he was about 24 B. A Man of Many Secrets
D. Great Escape
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
On May 29, 1973, Thomas Bradley, a black man, was elected mayor of Los Angeles. Los Angeles is the third largest city in the United States, with a population of three million. About sixteen percent of the city‟s population are black.
News of this election appeared on the front pages of newspapers everywhere in the United States. Here is how one major newspaper reported the event:
LOS
ANGELES
ELECTS
BRADLEY
MAYOR
UNSEATING
YORTYBLACK WINS 56% OF VOTES
Bradley called his victory over Yorty “the fulfillment (实现) of a dream”. During his childhood and youth, people had kept telling him, “You can‟t do this, you can‟t go there, because you are a Negro.” Nevertheless he had won a decisive victory over a man who had been won 43.7 percent.
Los Angeles voters have had many opportunities to judge. Thomas Bradley had to form an opinion of him. The son of a poor farmer Texas, he joined the Los Angeles police force in 1940. During his twenty-one years on the police force he earned a law degree by attending school at night. He was elected to the city council (市政厅) ten years ago.
At the time of the Los Angeles election, three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles. Besides, the percentage of blacks in those other cities was much larger. Cleveland, Ohio, had thirty-six percent black when Carl Stokes was elected mayor of Cleveland in 1967. In the same year Richard Hatcher was elected mayor of Cary. In Newark, New Jersey, sixty percent of the population were black when Kenneth Gibson was elected in 1970. Thus election of a black mayor in those cities was not very surprising.
In Los Angeles thousands of white citizens voted for Thomas Bradley because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate(候选人). Bradley had spent forty-eight of his fifty-five years in Los Angeles. Four years ago Bradley lost mayoral election to Yorty. This time Bradley won.
1. In the author‟s opinion, it was surprising that _______. A. the whites would vote for a black mayor B. a black mayor would be elected in such a large city
C. a black from a poor farmer‟s family could be elected mayor of Los Angeles D. there would be so many black mayors
2. From the passage we can infer that people ________. A. voted for Bradley because of his black color B. didn‟t care much about his color when they voted C. voted for him to give a chance to fulfill his dream D. voted for Bradley because they trust him 3. Bradley hit the front page headline for _______. A. he was the first black mayor in history
B. he was the first black mayor in the south of USA
C. he was the first black mayor of one of the largest cities in USA D. a poor farmer‟s son could also win an important election
4
4. From Bradley‟s victory in the election we can see that ________. A. blacks had equal rights as whites in the USA
B. black people‟s situation began to be improving much more than before C. one can be successful through hard work in the USA no matter what color he is
D. it is certain that someday the USA will have a black president (1—4 ADCB)
【答案与解析】本文报道了黑人在洛杉矶这样白人占绝大多数的大城市里被当选为市长这一新闻。
1. A。推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句：洛杉矶黑人的比例为16%以及倒数第2段所描述其他几个城市的黑人的比例(分别是36 %、55 %、60 %)可推此题答案为A。
2. D。细节题。根据文章最后一段第1句…because they believed he would be a better mayor than the white candidate可推知此题的答案为D。
3. C。细节题。根据倒数第2段第1句…three other American cities already had black mayors, but none of those cities had as large a population as Los Angeles可推知此题的答案为C。
4. B。推断题。运用排除法：选项A显然与原文内容不符；选项C和D文章没提及，况且此两项过于忽略美国的种族矛盾，不宜选；只有选项B原文内容较相符。
(4)
Jeanne Calment, a French woman, became a record breaker on 17 October of 1995, when at the age of 120 years and 238 days, she became the longest-lived human being on record. A Japanese man died in 1986 at the age of 120 years and 237 days.
Jeanne Calment lives in a small old people‟s home in the south of France; her husband, her only child and her grandson have all died. She is nearly blind and deaf and is always in a wheelchair, but her doctor describes her as being more like a 90-year-old in good health than someone of 120. She still has a lively sense of humor. When asked on her 120th birthday what she expected of the future, she replied: A very short one. She also remarked that she thought the good Lord had forgotten all about her.
So what is the key to a long life? According to some doctors, diet, exercise and no smoking are the three important factors. Jeanne Calment has followed two of the tips(窍门). She has always eaten a healthy diet, and she used to do exercises every day until she broke her leg at the age of 115. However, until recently she drank two glassed of strong red wine a day, and she does smoke (now only a little). Besides, Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes(基因) from her parents. Her father lived to the age of 94 and her mother to 86.
A local lawyer bought her house when she was 80 under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death. It must have seemed a good move at the time, but so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of
5
the house. Every year on her birthday Jeanne Calment sends him a card saying:
Sorry, I‟m still alive!
1. How does Jeanne Calment feel about her old age? A. She is miserable and unhappy. B. She is cheerful and humorous. C. She would like to live much longer. D. She feels she is going to die very soon.
2. Jeanne Calment owes her good health and long life to _______. A. smoking only a little every day B. her giving up smoking and drinking
C. drinking two glasses of strong red wine every day
D. the good genes from her parents, a healthy diet and some exercises 3. Which of the following could best replace the word “move” in the fourth paragraph?
A. deal
B. trick
C. march
D. sport
4. Why does Jeanne Calment say “Sorry, I‟m still alive” to the local lawyer every year on her birthday?
A. Because she had an agreement at 80 with the lawyer which was to her advantage.
B. Because she has asked the lawyer to pay her more rent than they first agreed.
C. Because the lawyer has paid her much more money than the value of the house.
D. Because the house she sold to the lawyer isn‟t worth the money he has already paid.
(1—4 BDAC)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了世界上寿命最长的法国老太太。
1. B。细节题。根据文章内容及第2段第3句 She still has a lively sense of humor 可推知此题答案为 B。
2. D。细节题。根据文章第 3 段第4句 She has always eaten a healthy diet… 及倒数第 2 句 Jeanne Calment might have got very good genes (基因) from her parents 可推知此题答案为 D。
3. A。词义猜测题。根据此单词所在句子的前面部分 A local lawyer bought her house… under an agreement that he would pay her some money every year until her death 可推知此题答案为 A。
4. C。推断题。文章倒数第 2 段第 1 句说 …so far the lawyer has paid her at least three times the value of the house，而老太太本人也感到不好意思，据此可推知答案为 C。
(4)
Jonathan James looks like just another kid about to graduate from high school. But this 19-year-old Swede is anything but ordinary, from the computer in his parents‟ home he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the
6
world‟s most wanted cyber criminals(网络犯罪分子).
Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999. He came to the aid of the FBI again on May 7, finding out the suspected(嫌疑的) sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus. The suspect was caught in Manila on May 8.
Jonathan‟s special skills are in hot demand as officials around the world express alarm at the “virtual” crimewave. In between studying for final exams, hanging out with friends and refereeing his younger brother‟s football matches, the quiet, gentle teenager also gives lessons on e-security(电子安全) to large companies. He reads a lot and exchanges information with other computer experts to know much about the latest tricks of the hacker (黑客) trade.
Many companies have already tried to employ him, but he is not interested at the moment. Instead, he plans to begin law school in the autumn at Sweden‟s Uppsala University and start up his own e-security company.
Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he‟s just “a regular kid”. “Jonathan is a great kid, he has his friends and he does a lot more than just play with the computer,” his little sister Tessa said, adding that he helps the FBI because “he likes to help”, not because he‟s looking for fame and recognition.
When the world was hit by the “Love Bug” virus, Jonathan was too busy preparing a speech on e-security to look into the problem. “Finally on May 7, I had some free time, so I began looking.” Within a few hours, he had found the suspect and e-mailed his method and results to the FBI. He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly.
“This time I knew exactly where to start, I knew what to disregard and what to look at.”
1. The passage mainly wants to tell us that______.
A. Swedish kid helps FBI find out the most wanted cyber criminals B. Jonathan is really a quiet, gentle and ordinary boy
C. many companies want the young computer expert to join in D. any cyber criminals will surely be found out wherever they are
2. The public started to know something about Jonathan just from____.
A. his helping the US FBI to find out the sender of the dangerous “I LOVE YOU” virus
B. his work together with Fredrik Bjoerck to find out the maker of the “Melissa” virus
C. his little sister‟s talk about his good qualities as a regular kid and a good programmer
D. his speech on e-security to many computer companies after his fight against hackers
3. From Jonathan‟s success in finding out the sender of the dangerous „Love Bug” virus we can infer that ___.
A. where there‟s a will, there‟s a way B. experience is knowledge C. hard work leads to success D. failure is the mother of success
7
4. What do we know about Jonathan?
A. He is a good fame hunter with various abilities.
B. He is such a brave fighter that any criminal will feel afraid.
C. He is an expert on security, not interested in running a company. D. He is a regular kid but does something unusual. 【答案与解析】本文主要讲述了19个瑞典男孩 Jonathan 凭借自己出色的电脑技术帮助美国联邦调查局寻找网络犯罪分子。
1. A。主旨题。根据 …he helps the US Federal Bureau of Investigation(FBI) find out the world‟s most wanted cyber criminals 可确定答案。
2. B。细节题。根据 Jonathan first made headlines when he and another Swede, Fredrik Bjoerck, found out the maker of the “Melissa” virus(病毒) in March 1999 可推测出答案。
3. B。推断题。根据 He said his work on the “Melissa” virus, which took three weeks to solve, was a big help in finding the suspect so quickly 可以看出，以前积累的经验对他以后的工作大有帮助，故 B 最佳。
4. D。细节题。根据 Although he works with the FBI now, his family insists he‟s just “a regular kid” 可以看出来，Jonathan 是一个正常的孩子，但他却做出了一些不寻常的事情。
二、故事类
(1)
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot(行李箱).
Mr. Johnson‟s car had finished up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn‟t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled clear as the car filled up.”
8
His hands and arms cut and bruised(擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby, where he was looked after by the farmer‟s wife, Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.
1. What is the best title for this newspaper article? A. The Story of Mr. Johnson, A Sweet Salesman B. Car Boot Can Serve As The Best Escape Route C. Driver Escapes Through Car Boot
D. The Driver Survived A Terrible Car Accident
2. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson? A. The hammer. C. The screw.
B. The coin. D. The horn.
3. Which statement is true according to the passage? A. Mr. Johnson‟s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C. Mr. Johnson‟s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat. 4. “Finally it gave” (Paragraph 5) means that _______. A. Luckily the door was torn away in the end B. At last the wrench went broken C. The lock came open after all his efforts D. The chance was lost at the last minute
5. It may be inferred from the passage that _______. A. the ditch was along a quiet country road B. the accident happened on a clear warm day C. the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch D. Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
【答案与解析】本文记述了Mr. Johnson由于车祸被困于水下车内半个小时，最后死里逃生的故事。
1. C。主旨题。根据第1段 Mr. Peter Johnson…escape from his trapped car…through the boot 可归纳出文章的标题为答案C。
2. B。细节题。根据第4段 Mr. Johnson 所说的话及他后面所做的事情可推知此题答案为B。
3. C。细节题。根据第2段第一句…skidding on ice and hitting a bank 可推知答案为C。
4. C。词句理解题。根据其上文 …work on the boot lock 及下文 but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in 可推知此题答案为C。
5. A。推断题。根据第4段最后一句 but no help came 及最后一段的第一句 Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby 可推知地点是在寂静的农村，此题答案为A。
9
(2)
The most frightening words in the English language are, “Our computer is down.” You hear it more and more when you are on business. The other day I was at the airport waiting for a ticket to Washington and the girl in the ticket office said, “I‟m sorry, I can‟t sell you a ticket. Our computer is down.”
“If your computer is down, just write me out a ticket.”
“I can‟t write you out a ticket. The computer is the only one allowed to do so.” I looked down on the computer and every passenger was just standing there drinking coffee and staring at the black screen. Then I asked her, “What do all you people do?”
“We give the computer the information about your trip, and then it tells us whether you can fly with us or not.”
“So when it goes down, you go down with it.” “That‟s good, sir.”
“How long will the computer be down?” I wanted to know.
“I have no idea. Sometimes it‟s down for 10 minutes, sometimes for two hours. There‟s no way we can find out without asking the computer, and since it‟s down it won‟t answer us.”
After the girl told me they had no backup(备用) computer, I said. “Let‟s forget the computer. What about your planes? They‟re still flying, aren‟t they?”
“I couldn‟t tell without asking the computer.”
“Maybe I could just go to the gate and ask the pilot if he‟s flying to Washington, ” I suggested.
“I wouldn‟t know what gate to send you to. Even if the pilot was going to Washington, he couldn‟t take you if you didn‟t have a ticket.”
“Is there any other airline flying to Washington within the next few hours?” “I wouldn‟t know, ” she said, pointing at the dark screen. “Only „IT‟ knows. „It‟ can‟t tell me.”
By this time there were quite a few people standing in lines. The word soon spread to other travelers that the computer was down. Some people went white, some people started to cry and still others kicked their luggage.
1. The best title for the article is _______.
A. When the Computer Is Down B. The Most Frightening Words C. The Computer of the Airport the computer?
A. She could sell a ticket. B. She could write out a ticket.
C. She could answer the passengers‟ questions. D. She could do nothing.
3. Why do you think they had not a backup computer? A. Because it was easy down. B. Because it was very expensive.
10
D. Asking the Computer
2. What could the girl in the ticket office do for the passengers without asking
C. Because it was not advanced enough. D. Because it was not as big as the main computer. 4. The last paragraph suggests that _______. A. a modern computer won‟t be down. B. computers can take the place of humans
C. sometimes a computer may bring suffering to people D. there will be great changes in computers (1—4 ADBC)
【答案与解析】本文记述了作者在机场遭遇电脑系统死机所带来的后果及人们对此的反应。
1.A。主旨题。根据文章第1句中的Our computer is down及后面的文章内容，可推知此题答案为A。
2.D。细节题。根据文章中的对话：售票员不能卖机票，回答不出旅客提出的问题等等，可推知此题答案为D。
3.B。主观题。根据各选项的比较及生活经验对之进行判断，得出此题的答案为B。
4.C。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：电脑死机，旅客们感到恐惧、忧郁、不安，从而可推知此题答案为C。
(3)
We spent a day in the country, picking wild flowers. With the car full of flowers we were going home. On our way back my wife noticed a cupboard (柜厨) outside a furniture shop. It was tall and narrow. “Buy it, ” my wife said at once. “We‟ll carry it home on the roof rack. I‟ve always wanted one like that.”
What could I do? Ten minutes later I was ￡20 poorer; and the cupboard was tied on the roof rack. It was six feet long and eighteen inches square, quite heavy too.
In the gathering darkness I drove slowly. Other drivers seemed unusually polite that evening. The police even stopped traffic to let us through. Carrying furniture was a good idea.
After a time my wife said, “There‟s a long line of cars behind. Why don‟t they overtake, I wonder?” In fact a police car did overtake. The two officers inside looked at us seriously as they passed. But then, with great kindness, they led us through the rush-hour traffic. The police car stopped at our village church. One of the officers came to me.
“Right, sir, ” he said. “Do you need any more help?”
I was a bit puzzled. “Thanks, officer, ” I said. “You have been very kind. I live just on the road.”
He was staring at our car, first at the flowers, then at the cupboard. “Well, well, ” he said, laughing. “It‟s a cupboard you‟ve got there! We thought it was something else.”
My wife began to laugh. The truth hit me like a stone between the eyes. I smiled at the officer. “Yes, it‟s a cupboard, but thanks again.” I drove home as fast
11
as I could.
1. In fact the husband _______ the cupboard. A. would like very much to buy C. was glad to have bought
B. badly wanted D. would rather not buy
2. Other drivers thought they were _______. A. carrying a cupboard to the church B. sending flowers to the church
C. carrying nothing but a piece of furniture D. going to attend a funeral(葬礼) at the church
3. The police will be more polite to those who are _______. A. driving in gathering darkness
B. in great sorrow (悲痛) D. carrying furniture B. He felt ashamed of it. D. He was puzzled at it.
C. driving with wild glowers in the car A. It was very strange. (1—4 DDBB)
【答案与解析】作者在采花回家的路上，妻子又买了一个柜子装在车上，其他的司机及警察都以为他们是去给人送葬，所以纷纷给其让路。
1. D。推断题。根据文章第2段作者对买柜子的想法：要花钱、又长又笨重，从而推断出作者心里不愿意，由此可知答案为D。
2. D。推断题。根据第4段倒数第2句：警察的车停在教堂及第7段警察看车的情形：看了花草又看柜子，说：我们以为是别的什么东西。可推断出此题答案为D。
3. B。推断题。根据文章中对警察关心作者的描述及警察对作者车上东西的看法可推断出警察以为作者去参加葬礼，所以对作者特别关心，由此可知答案为B。
4. B。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述：好像一块石头击中了我的眉心，于是我尽快地把车开回家，可看出作者对此很羞愧，从而推断出此题答案为B。
(8)
My father was a foreman of a sugar-cane plantation in Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico. My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks.
It was very tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. I‟ve never been late for any job since. I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for. More important, I earned my pay; it never entered my mind to say I was sick just because I didn‟t want to work.
I was only six years old, but I was doing a man‟s job. Our family needed every dollar we could make because my father never earned more than $ 18 a week. Our
12
4. What did the husband think of this matter?
C. He took great pride in it.
home was a three-room wood shack with a dirty floor and no toilet. Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem(自尊心), one of the most important things a person can have.
When I was seven, I got work at a golf course near our house. My job was to stand down the fairway and spot the balls as they landed, so the golfers could find them. Losing a ball meant you were fired, so I never missed one. Some nights I would lie in bed and dreamt of making thousands of dollars by playing golf and being able to buy a bicycle.
The more I dreamed, the more I thought. Why not? I made my first golf club out of guava limb(番石榴树枝) and a piece of pipe. Then I hammered an empty tin can into the shape of a ball. And finally I dug two small holes in the ground and hit the ball back and forth. I practiced with the same devotion and intensity. I learned working in the field — except now I was driving golf balls with club, not oxen with a broomstick.
1. The writer‟s first job was _______. A. to stand down the fairway at a golf course B. to watch over the sugar-cane plantation C. to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields
D. to spot the balls as they landed so the golfers could find them
2. The word “tedious” in Paragraph 2 most probably means _______. A. difficult
B. boring
C. interesting D. unusual
3. The writer learned that_______ from his first job. A. he should work for those who he liked most B. he should work longer than what he was expected C. he should never fail to say hello to his owner
D. he should be respectful and faithful to the people he worked for
4. _______ gave the writer serf-esteem. A. Having a family of eight people B. Owning his own golf course
C. Bringing money back home to help the family D. Helping his father with the work on the plantation
5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. He wanted to be a successful golfer. B. He wanted to run a golf course near his house. C. He was satisfied with the job he got on a plantation.
D. He wanted to make money by guiding oxen with a broomstick.
【答案与解析】本文主要介绍作者小时候的工作经历：6岁时在一家甘蔗种植园耕地，7岁时在离家不远的一家高尔夫球场找到看球。
1. C。语义理解题。第 1 段第 2 句话My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields 和题干几乎完全相同。
2. B。词义猜测题。从第 2 段第 2 句话中的I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could 可以推知 tedious 的正确词义。
13
3. D。语义理解题。看到文章第 2 段第 4 句话 I also learned about being respectful and faithful to the people you work for，答案不言自明。
4. C。语义理解题。从文章第 3 段最后两句话 Nothing made me prouder than bringing home money to help my mother, father, two brothers and three sisters. This gave me self-esteem (自尊心)… 不难肯定答案为C。
5. A。判断题。从最后一段内容不难看出他想当一名高尔夫球员的迫切之心。
(4)
At the time, I would go out in the evening with my parents. But this time I had borrowed a bicycle from a friend of mine. I didn‟t know why, but once I was on my own bicycle, a kind of free feeling flooded through me. The faster I rode, the faster I wanted to go! Far ahead, I rode as if my life depended on it, head down, hands grasping the handbars. I meant to get to Jinghai Bar as fast as I could...
Oh! My hands! Don‟t come any closer... Don‟t touch me! That poor doctor just couldn‟t get my gloves off. Each time he took a step towards me, I broke into painful shouting. Much later, I discovered that I had crashed(碰撞) heavily with another bicycle, and I hadn‟t spoken one word of sense for at least three hours! After some time, my mother arrived at the hospital, her face as white as a sheet, and gave me a hug(拥抱), only then did the doctor begin to stitch(缝合) my head wound, not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic(麻药) either! Later. I seemed to hear faraway voices saying that my right hand was broken. I almost burst into tears. How would I ever play the piano again?
1. On her way to Jinghai, the writer felt _______. A. nervous
B. comfortable
C. light-hearted
D. upset
2. Why did the writer ride a bicycle to Jinghai Bar that evening? A. Because she wanted to attend a party on time.
B. Because she wanted to meet her friend who was waiting for her there. C. Because she just wanted, to join some of her friends and drink some wine. D. We are not quite sure about what she was really going there for. 3. What did the writer think of the doctor? A. Friendly.
B. Cruel.
C. Hardworking.
D. Kind.
4. One thing is sure, that is, before she was wounded she _______. A. often went to Jinghai Bar with her friends B. liked playing the piano
C. didn‟t like any doctors at all D. would burst into tears when she was in trouble (1—4 CDBB)
【答案与解析】本文述说了作者骑车遇险的经历。
1. C。推断题。根据第1段后面几句话的描述可推知此题的答案为C。 2. D。推断题。文章未说作者去Jinghai Bar的原因，因此，我们也就无法知道，因此此题答案为D。
14
3. B。推断题。根据文章中的 …not only did he merrily cut off a long lock of my hair, but used no anaesthetic either 可知，作者认为这医生很残忍，因此选B。
4. B。细节题。根据文章最后一句可知：她喜欢弹钢琴。从而可推知此题答案为B。
(5)
Beldon and Canfield are two seashore towns, not far apart. Both towns have many hotels, and in summer the hotels are full of holiday-makers and other tourists.
Last August there was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel in Beldon. The next day, this news appeared on page two of the town‟s newspaper. The Beldon Post:
FIRE AT SEABREEZE
Late last night firemen hurried to the Seabreeze Hotel and quickly put out a small fire in a bedroom. The hotel manager said that a cigarette started the fire. We say again to all our visitors： “Please don‟t smoke cigarettes in bed.” This was Beldon‟s first hotel fire for five years.
The Canfield Times gave the news in these words on page one： ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE
Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel. An angry holiday-maker said, “An electric lamp probably started the fire. The bedroom lamps are very old at some of these hotels. When I put my bedside light on, I heard a funny noise from the lamp.” We are glad to tell our readers that this sort of adventure does not happen in Canfield.
What are the facts, then? It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident. There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August: that is one fact. Do we know anything else? Yes, we know that firemen went to the hotel. Now what do you think of the rest of the “news” ?
1. Which of the following best gives the main idea of this text? A. Beldon and Canfield are both good places for tourists in summer. B. A fire broke out night in Seabreeze Hotel last summer. C. It was not easy to find out exact truth from newspapers. D. Two newspapers gave reports on the same matter. 2. Which of the following are probably facts? a. The fire broke out in a bedroom at the hotel. b. A cigarette started the fire. c. An old lamp started the fire. d. The fire broke out at night.
e. There has never been a fire in Canfield. A. b and c think _______.
A. hotels in Beldon often catch fire B. hotels in Beldon don‟t often catch fire C. this was the second fire at the Seabreeze Hotel
15
B. a and d C. c and e D. a and c
3. The Canfield Times used the headline like this in order to make its readers
D. Beldon was a good place except that hotels there are not quite safe 4. The Canfield newspaper gave a report just the opposite to the Beldon Post by saying that _______.
A. the bedroom lamps were very old at the Seabreeze Hotel B. the bedroom lights made funny noise when the fire took place C. the firemen failed to save clothing, bedclothes and other things D. such accidents never happened in Canfield for the past 5 years
【答案与解析】本文通过讲述两个对手城市的报纸对同一件火灾事故的不同报道，对新闻报道的真实性提出了质疑。
1. C。主旨题。从主题句It is never easy to find out the exact truth about an accident.可得出答案。
2. B。细节题。根据There was a fire at the Seabreeze Hotel last August及两张报纸都报道了火灾是在晚上发生的，故可以确定的事实只有两项a和 d。而其他选项都只是两份报纸的片面之辞，到度是真是假，我们无法得知，因此答案为B。
3. A。推断题。ANOTHER BELDON HOTEL CATCHES FIRE中ANOTHER是个关键词，它暗示了Beldon宾馆频繁发生的火灾。
4. C。细节题。The Canfield Times 报道说Last night Beldon firemen arrived just too late to save clothing, bedclothes and some furniture at the Seabreeze Hotel.，而The Beldon Post则说消防队员及时把这场小火扑灭了，（没有造成损失），两者报道相反。可此题答案为C。
(6)
Jack used to curse(咒骂) the front yard as if it were a living thing. He was the man who lived with my grandmother for thirty years. He was not my grandfather, but an Italian who came down the road one day, selling fruit in Florida.
Jack stopped at my grandmother‟s house to sell her some oranges just a stone‟s throw from downtown Miami, and he was delivering her whiskey a week later. He stayed for thirty years. Jack hated the front yard because he thought it was against him. There had been a beautiful lawn(草坪) there when Jack came along, but he let it wander off into nothing. He refused to water it or take care of it in any way.
Now the ground was so hard that it gave his car flat tires(轮胎) in the summer. The yard was always finding a nail to put in one of his tires or the car as always sinking out of sight in the winter when the rains came on. The lawn had belonged to my grandfather, who lived out the end of his life in an insane hospital. It had been his pride and joy and was said to be the place where his powers came.
1. It can be inferred that the real reason Jack had problems with the yard was that _______.
A. he didn‟t like the lawn.
B. the author‟s grandfather was against Jack working on the lawn C. the lawn was full of living things D. he himself did not take care of the lawn
2. We can learn from the passage that when the lawn belonged to the author‟s
16
grandfather, it had been _______. A. beautiful
B. worn out
C. wasted
D. full of nails
3. What do we know about Jack and the author‟s grandfather? A. They both hated the front lawn.
B. Jack was jealous of the author‟s grandfather. C. They sold fruit in Florida.
D. They came from Italy and lived together.
【答案与解析】Jack为什么曾经指桑骂槐，因为他嫉妒我祖父。我祖父曾把前花园弄得很漂亮。
1. D。判断题。从第2段最后一句话He refused to water it or take care of it in any way. 可以判断。
2. A。语义理解题。根据There had been a beautiful lawn(草坪) there when Jack came along, but he let it wander off into nothing 可知答案。
3. B。判断题。运用排除法：根据原文可知A、C、D三项明显不对。再看第1段第1句话的意思：Jack 过去常常咒骂前花园，就好像那花园是一个有生命的东西一样，可以看出Jack 不是在骂花园，而是指桑骂槐，所以选B。
(7)
When Johnson called again, the manager received him very politely. “That is a most remarkable oil you brought us, Mr Johnson,” he said. Johnson nodded his smooth, dark head. That was something he knew very well. “I‟ve never seen anything like it,” the manager admitted. Johnson nodded again. “No?” he said politely. Then he added, “But I think you will, sir. A very great deal of it.” He appeared to think for a moment. “I think you will find it will be on sale seven, perhaps, eight years from now.” He smiled.
The manager thought that was uncertain. He said, “It is better than our fish oils. I admit that.” “So I am told, sir,” agreed Johnson.
“Have you any plans to produce it yourself, Mr Johnson?” Johnson smiled again. “Would I be showing it to you if I had?”
“We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils,” said the manager. “It would be expensive to do that, even if you could.” Johnson said gently. “Besides,” he added, “I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils. Cheaper than any vegetable oil, in fact.”
“Perhaps,” said the manager. “Well, I suppose you want to make an arrangement, Mr Johnson, Shall we discuss it?”
“Of course,” said Johnson. “There are two ways of dealing with a situation of this sort. The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible. That is, of course, the best way,” The manager nodded. He knew plenty about all that.
“But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time.” The manager had his doubts, but all he said was an inquiring(asking), “Oh?”
“The other way,” continued Johnson, “is to produce yourself before the trouble starts.”
17
1. The manager thought of adding chemicals to the fish oil to make it ________.
A. cheaper than the new oil C. more expensive
B. more quickly D. as good as the new oil
2. Johnson‟s new oil would be ________. A. more expensive than fish oil, but better B. less expensive, and better C. less expensive, but not good D. more expensive, and not so good
3. Johnson expressed his regret that the manager ________. A. could not stop the new oil being made B. would never know how to make it C. had spent a lot of money on it D. didn‟t know enough about it
4. Johnson showed his new oil to the manager because he wanted ________. A. to produce it himself B. to prevent it being produced C. to be paid not to produce it D. the manager to produce it (1—4 DBAD)
【答案与解析】本文描述了Johnson向经理推销他所研制的生产新品种的油的过程。
1. D。推断题。根据第2段经理所说的话 It is better than our fish oils 和第6段We might add some chemicals to one of our own fish oils可推知此题的答案为D。
2. B。推断题。根据Johnson与经理的对话，特别是从It is better than our fish oils和I am told that this oil will be much cheaper than your best fish oils 可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。推断题。根据文章倒数第二、三段中的The usual one is to prevent it altogether or at least to delay it as long as possible和But I am so sorry for you, because, you see, that is not possible this time可推知此题为A。
4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一句及全文Johnson所讲的话可推知此题答案为D。
(8)
A lot of us lose life‟s tough battles by starting a frontal(正面的) attack—when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who hit a traffic jam on his way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam‟s a being late—serious illness at home—he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn‟t work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech.
Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room(更衣室); everyone was hard at work. Sam‟s supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. “How do you do!” he said. “I‟m Sam Maynard. I‟m applying for a job. Which, I understand, became available
18
just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?”
The room exploded in laughter. The supervisor clamped off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job—with the only tool that could win, a laugh.
Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected(忽略), means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying “no”, criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it‟s the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians(喜剧演员) on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance(忍受力) than people in any other forum.
1. Why was Sam late for his job? A. Because he was ill. B. Because he got up late.
C. Because he was caught in a traffic jam. D. He was busy applying for a new job.
2. The main idea of this passage is ________. A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor B. humor is important in our lives C. early bird gets the worm
D. humor can solve racial discriminations
3. The phrase “clamped off” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. tried to hold back B. tried to set C. charged D. gave out 4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage? A. Many lose life‟s battles for they are lacking in a sense of humor. B. It wasn‟t the first time that Sam came late for his work. C. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.
D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems.
【答案与解析】本文通过一个小故事讲述了幽默的重要性。
1. C。细节题。根据who hit a traffic jam on his way to work可知，他迟到的原因是他碰上了交通堵塞。
2. B。主旨题。根据短文第 1 句是主题句 A lot of us lose life‟s tough battles by starting a frontal(正面的) attack — when a touch of humor might well enable us to win (在人生很多场激烈的争斗中，我们如果与人硬碰硬正面交锋的话，可能败得一塌糊涂。而幽默往往使我们反败为胜)和文章第 4 段第 1 句，可知整篇短文讲的是幽默的重要性。
3. A。词义猜测题。前面提到老板连辞退他的话都想好了，而Sam开的这个玩笑使人们哄堂大笑。而老板为了树立他的威严，仍然强忍住笑。故答案为A。
4. B。 推断题。根据 …shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about being late on the job 我们可以了解到，Sam不止一次上班迟到了。
(9)
In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald, started a drive-in restaurant in
19
San Bernadino, California. They carefully chose a busy corner for their location. They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉) restaurant, then another drive-in. But in their new operation, they offered a new, shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this small selection they added one new idea: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.
Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. Their French fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity(一致性), for the brothers had developed a strict routine(程序) for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on their cooks‟ sticking to their routine. Their new drive-in became surprisingly popular, particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime. The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copies of their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success until they met Ray Kroc.
Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he was selling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers‟ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营) other copies of their restaurants. The agreement included the right to duplicate(复制) the menu, the equipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches(拱门).
Today McDonald‟s is really a household name. In 1976, McDonald‟s had over $ l billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most surprising success stories in modern American business history.
1. This passage mainly talks about _______. A. the development of fast food services
B. how McDonald‟s became a billion-dollar business C. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonald D. Ray Kroc‟s business talent
2. Mac and Dick managed all of the following businesses except _______. A. a drive-in C. a cinema
B. a theater
D. a barbecue restaurant
3. We may infer from this passage that _______.
A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy for they sold their idea to Kroc.
B. the place the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularity of their drive-in
C. forty years ago there were lots of fast-food restaurants D. Ray Kroc was a good businessman 4. The passage suggests that _______.
A. creativity is an important element of business success B. Ray Kroc was the close partner of the McDonald brothers
C. Mac and Dick McDonald became broken after they sold their ideas to Ray Kroc
D. California is the best place to go into business
20
【答案与解释】“麦当劳”是家喻户晓的世界著名快餐饮食品牌。本文介绍了Mac and Dick McDonald两兄弟最初创业及 Kroc 购买该品牌经营权, 复制和发展“麦当劳”的一些情况。
1. B。主旨题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍 Mac and Dick McDonald 两兄弟的最初创业及 Kroc 购买该品牌经营权的情况，由此可知答案为 B。
2. C。细节题。根据第 1 段第 3 句话 They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecue(烤肉) restaurant, then another drive-in可知答案为 C。
3. D。判断题。根据第 3 段第 2 句 He quickly saw the special attraction of the brothers‟ fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise(特许经营) other copies of their restaurants.可以做出正确判断。
4. A。主旨题。从全文可得出结论：创造力是事业成功的重要因素。
三、新闻类
(1)
LONDON — Britain awoke on Easter Monday to a period of mourning for the Queen Mother, who died over the weekend after a life spanning a century of noisy and evident change. The 101-year-old royal matriarch died in her sleep last Saturday with Queen Elizabeth, her elder and only surviving daughter, at her bedside. For a woman who was one of the best-known figures in Britain for more than 80 years — from the era of tinted portraits on tin biscuit boxes and cigarette cards to the age of the Internet, the Queen Mother remained an enigmatic(不可思议的) and elusive(躲避的) figure.
She achieved such a respect through aeons(永世, 亿万年) of, first, fawning and, later, intrusive media fascination, by remaining almost entirely silent. Her private thoughts were never paraded(炫耀) in public. What the public saw was a charming and benign elderly lady, adept at winning the admiration of press photographers, whom she always favoured with a particular smile.
CHINA‟s third unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou Ⅲ, landed safely in central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Monday afternoon, after orbiting the earth 108 times in slightly less than a week. The craft, which lifted off from Jiuquan in Gansu Province last Monday night, landed after successfully conducting a chain of flight and scientific experiments over a period of 162 hours.
A powerful earthquake jolted Taiwan, killing five construction workers, authorities(官方) said. Over 200 injuries ware reported across the island, mostly minor, as a result of Sunday‟s 7.5-magnitude quake. The quake was centred off Hualien, 180 kilometres east of Taipei. It struck at 2:53 pm and lasted for nearly a minute.
1. Which of the following statements is true according to the news? A. The Queen Mother died on Easter Monday alone.
21
B. The Queen Mother was an attractive person in her political life. C. The British people felt sorry for the death of the Queen Mother. D. The Queen Mother was suffering a lot when she was dying. 2. It can be inferred that _______.
A. the craft landed in central Inner Mongolia unexpectedly B. it took the craft at least 2 hours to orbit the earth once C. the Chinese scientists did a lot of experiments in space
D. China was successful in sending an unmanned spacecraft into space
3. The third news mainly talks about the _______ in Taiwan. A. political matters
B. social problems D. construction workers
C. unexpected damage
【答案与解析】这是 3 篇新闻报道。第 1 篇是关于英国皇太后死亡的消息；第 2 篇是关于中国发射神舟三号无人飞船的消息；第 3 篇是关于台湾发生 7.5 级强烈地震的消息。
1. C。判断题。皇太后死的时候有其女儿伊利莎白皇后在身边，排除A项；皇太后没有从政，排除B项；皇太后是在睡觉的时候死去的，D项也排除。所以答案选C。
2. D。判断题。从第3段的几个关键词safely…successful 可知A项错误；B项内容在文中没有提及，可排除；而神舟三号为无人飞船，故不会有科学家在太空中做实验，可排除C；既然神舟三号无人飞船已安全着陆，那肯定是已成功发射了。
3. C。主旨题。既然台湾发生了地震，那当然是没有预料到的灾害。A、B、D三项内容离题太远。
(2)
June 26, 2000 — the Human Genome(基因组) Project, a great $3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic(遗传的) map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities(团体) are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging(延长) human life. But those communities and policy(政策) makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.
For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology(生物技术) have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code(密码) have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.
While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding(解码) human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal(致命的)diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes(基因) connected with terrible diseases as yet(迄今), and making progress toward separating the genes that
22
show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.
Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.
1. Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome? A. Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.
B. Because the human genome's completion can help them get rid of many diseases.
C. Because they wanted to be better known than others.
D. Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work. 2. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world? A. Japan.
B. Germany.
C. The United States.
D. China.
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses.
B. The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers.
C. Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map.
D. The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century. 4. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _______. A. the policy makers to feel very worried and careful B. the scientists to work harder C. many people to find work easily
D. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs 5. The main idea of this article is about _______. A. unlocking genetic code B. the genes' discovery C. the great human genome D. the genes and the scientists
【答案与解析】绘制人类基因组图，这将意味着人类消灭癌症、艾滋病的危害，延长人类寿命将成为现实。
1. B。语义理解题。从文章最后一段第1句话Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections(传染), and genetic diseases 可以看出科学家们完成人类基因组图的目的。
2. C。细节题。因为 …the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States,所以答案选 C。
3. D。判断题。美国是在 1990 年，即 20 世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的，所以选项D 不对。
4. B。判断题。从文章内容可知，人类基因组图的完成将有助于科学家们攻克一系列难关。所以，他们在更努力地探究。
5. A。主旨题。综合文章内容，不难概括出本文主旨：解读基因密码。
23
(3)
The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of Texas and neighboring states.
Dramatic television images of the shuttle's descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.
Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.
Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器).
\"We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains,\" Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members.
\"The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, …Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. … America's space program will go on,\" said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.
1. The word “descent” in the passage means ________. A. taking off B. landing
C. orbiting D. walking down
2. Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon? A. He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.
B. He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle. C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot.
D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster.
3. The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that ________.
A. there were seven astronauts killed on board B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off
C. Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land D. no human remains were found
4. Which of the following is wrong according to the news?
24
A. The U.S.A. will give up the space program because of the accident. B. NASA hasn‟t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.
C. Before the Columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.
D. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.
【答案解析】本文讲述了美国航天飞机“哥伦比亚”号失事的情况。 1. B。词义推测题。可以参见第三段第二句中的in the decent to Earth，其后or landing 即是对 descent解释。
2. A。细节题。从 …which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon 中可以知道，Ilan Ramon. 是以色列第一位乘坐航天飞机的宇航员。
3. A。推断题。要求你找出这两起灾难的共同点。从文中可以了解到两起灾难都有7位宇航员丧生。“挑战者”号是在升空时失事的，而“哥伦比亚”号是在返回地面的过程中失事的，故可排除B 和 C。而选项 D 与原文不符，故选 A。
4. A。判断题。根据…America's space program will go on 我们可以知道选项 A 明显错误。而选项B、C、D均与原文相符。
(8)
Visiting U.S. President George W. Bush said in Beijing Friday that both China and the United States should encourage bilateral(双边的) contacts and exchanges to promote mutual(相互) understanding.
“It‟s important for our political leaders to come to China,” said Bush, who gave a speech Friday morning at Qinghua University, one of the most prestigious universities in China.
His working visit to China and discussions with Oinghua students “help promote” Sino-U.S.(中美) relations, Bush said in response to a student‟s question about what he would do to promote Sino-U.S. relations.
“Many people in my country are very interested in China,” he said, adding that these Americans have learned more about China‟s culture and the Chinese people.
He said that he would keep encouraging such contacts and exchanges between the two countries.
Bush said that he would describe back home what he has seen here and that China as a great nation not only has a “great history” but also an “unbelievably exciting future.”
The president said that the 2008 Olympic Games would make a significant opportunity for the rest of the world to understand China, which enables more people to come to China and feel the modernization taking place, and many more people will see it on the television.
Bush arrived in Beijing Thursday for a two-day working visit to China. 1. What the word “prestigious” in the second paragraph probably means? A. great
B. famous C. honorable
25
D. modest
2. Which of the sentence is NOT true?
A. Bush think bilateral contacts and mutual understanding will promote Sino-U.S. relations.
B. Many Americans are interested in China.
C. Bush and the students of Qinghua discussed something about how to make China richer and stronger.
D. The 2008‟s Olympic Games is a great change for China been known by the world.
3. Many Americans are interested in China because _______. A. they want to come here to take part in the 2008 Olympic Games B. they have learned something of China and they want to learn more C. China has been taking place great change
D. China has a “great history” and “unbelievably exciting future” 4. The narrator(叙述者) of the passage was most probably _____.
A. a reporter B. a psychologist C. a politician D. a sociologist
(1—4 BCBA)
【答案与解析】本文报道了美国总统在华访问期间，在清华大学所发表的关于促进中美关系的谈话。
1. B。词义猜测题。根据清华大学在我国的地位这一常识可推知此题答案为B。
2. C。推断题。全文只报道了Bush对如何增进中美关系的谈话，而未对如何促使中国的富强发表意见，因此可推知此题答案为C。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第4段最后部分…these Americans have learned more about China‟s culture and the Chinese people. 可推知此题答案为B。
4. A。推断题。本文是新闻报道，其作者可能是记者，从而可推知此题答案为A。
(9)
A senior United Nations Children‟s Fund(UNICEF) official on May 29 praised China for its remarkable achievements in children‟s welfare(福利).
A. H. M. Farook, UNICEF‟s operations area officer for China and Mongolia said that China “can be very satisfied to tell the whole world what can be done with limited resources to help its children to grow healthily and happily.”
China‟s child population makes up one-fifth of the world‟s total. “The reason behind the tremendous(巨大的) achievement is China‟s long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society,” he said.
“What‟s more is that Chinese people have always given special attention to children who are in special need.” The UN official made the remarks when addressing a group of 50 children and staff from the Beijing Children‟s Welfare Home at the Shangri-la Hotel, Beijing.
The hotel invited the orphans to share snacks(小吃), sing, dance and play games at a park inside the hotel for a “Share the Sunshine” party, as a prelude(前奏)
26
to celebrations to mark the Children‟s Day.
The Beijing children‟s Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children.
A leading official of the welfare institution said that the children live a happy life and that the agency(机构) spends 400—500 yuan a month for an average orphan. An average Chinese workers earned 440 yuan a month during the first quarter this year.
Gu Xiaojin, deputy secretary-general of the China Youth Development Foundation(CYDF), said people from all walks of life have contributed to the welfare of the Chinese children.
She said that CYDF set up the Project Hope in 1989, which calls on people across the country to donate money to help poor children to continue their schooling.
By the end of last year, she said, CYDF had collected nearly 700 million yuan in donations, which has helped the establishment(建立) of 2, 074 Hope primary schools and enabled more than 1. 25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms.
Three “Hope Stars” also attended the party. They were model teenagers chosen among students who are economically supported by the Project Hope to further their nine-year compulsory(义务) studies in the poverty-stricken regions. They will be torchbearers(火炬接力者) for the Chinese Team for the up coming Atlanta Olympic Games this year.
1. Children can grow healthily and happily as long as _______. A. parents take good care of them both at home and in society B. the whole society care for children as well as their parents C. Schools and teachers pay much attention to the growth of children D. Chinese people always give special attention to children who are in special need
2. Every year the Beijing Children‟s Welfare Home spends _______ on the orphans
A. 1, 920, 000 yuan B. 2, 160, 000 yuan C. Over 2, 400, 000 yuan D. 2, 200, 000 yuan or so 3. CYDF collected 700 million yuan with the purpose of _______. A. reducing dropouts B. helping homeless orphans
C. supporting the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic Games D. establishing 2, 074 Hope primary schools all over the country 4. We can infer from the text that _______.
A. Every Chinese child has its own special need, so we should pay special attention to each.
B. All the children in the poverty-stricken regions of China are too poor to go to school.
C. Ever since liberation. the Chinese Communist Party has been concerned (关
27
心) about the growth of the younger generation.
D. With the help of UNICEF officials, there are no more dropouts in China.
5. It is possible that this passage was written in _______. A. 1992 B. 1996 C. 1998 D. 2000
【答案解析】本文介绍了新中国成立后非常关心青少年一代尤其是贫困地区的儿童。
1. B。细节题。 根据 The reason behind the tremendous achievement is China‟s long tradition of caring for children both at home and in society 得知青少年能健康幸福成长的条件是社会和家庭共同关心小孩，故选 B。
2. D。细节题。 根据 The Beijing children‟s Welfare Home, „has at present spent more than 400 children 和 …the agency spends 400 — 500 yuan a month for an average orphan 可知一年的费用在1 920 000 yuan 和2 400 000 yuan 之间，当然也不会正好是2 160 000 yuan，故答案选 D。
3. A。细节题。 根据 …which has helped the establishment of 2 074 Hope Primary Schools and enable more than 1.25 million dropouts to return to school classrooms 可知这笔钱用于在贫困地区建立希望小学和让失学儿童返校，则 A 为可选项。
4. C。推断题。阅读全文可知 B、D 为错误答案，A 在第 4 段已提到，再根据 The Beijing children‟s Welfare Home, set up soon after New China was founded in 1949, has at present more than 400 children 可知 C 为正确答案。
5. B。细节题。亚特兰大奥运会是 1996 年召开的，再根据 They will be torchbearers for the Chinese Team for the coming Atlanta Olympic Games this year 可知这篇文章写于 1996 年，故选 B。
(10)
The United States will introduce a new and comprehensive(综合的) exam for students who seek to study in American and other English-speaking countries, Xinhua News Agency reported from New York.
The exam, which stands for a great change from the current English level test, was disclosed by Theresa Chang Wei Jen, associate director of the International Service of the US College Board, America‟s leading educational organization.
The Advanced Placement International English Language (APIEL) will be offered for the first time throughout the world on May 10, 2002, said Jen.
However, the APIEL is a strange title to most Chinese students, and it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams, such as the TOEFL(Test of English as a Foreign Language), the GRE(Graduate Record Examination), or the IELTS(International English Language Testing System).
“I have never heard of such a test and I would prefer the IELTS if I need another exam,” said Xu Jingyan, a graduating student from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, who wants to study in England and has already taken the TOEFL.
Most of Xu‟s classmates have never heard of the APIEL. “The APIEL is
28
designed for international students who wish to get university studies in English-speaking countries, including the United States, Britain, Canada, and Australia.” said Jen.
The APIEL has been adopted, said Jen, because the TOEFL can no longer accurately reflect the abilities of students of using the English language comprehensively in an academic environment. Xinhua reported that a fairly large number of foreign students who earned high scores in TOEFL exam turned out to be very ordinary educational performers after admission.
Compared with the TOEFL, the APIEL measures a student‟s ability to read, write, speak and understand English through testing his or her skills in listening comprehension, speaking with accuracy(精确) and resourcefulness, and writing with clarity and fluency(流畅), Jen said.
1. The United States will introduce a new exam because _______. A. more and more students want to get further education in the USA
B. the Chinese people pay special attention to English studies with China‟s entry into the WTO
C. the already existing exam systems seem to be far from perfect D. it will bring the US government quite a lot of money
2. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the selection？ A. It will take quite a period of time for people to accept the APIEL. B. The TOEFL is more popular with the Chinese than the IELTS.
C. A student will have to take the APIEL if he or she wants to study in English—speaking countries from 2002.
D. Chinese students will prefer the IELTS rather than the APIEL even in the future.
3. The underlined word current in the second paragraph means _______. A. modern report.
A. The Key to English-speaking Countries B. The Four Skills in Learning English C. TOEFL, IELTS and GRE to be Out of Date D. New Exam Designed for Students
【答案解析】全文介绍了APIEL与传统英语测试对比所显出的新功能。 1. C。推断题。 根据 TOFEL can no longer accurately reflect the abilities of students of using the English language comprehensively in an academic environment 可知原来的测试系统有局限性，由此可知 C 为正确答案。
2. A。细节题。 阅读全文可知B、C、D与原文不符，再根据 …the APIEL is a strange title to most Chinese students, and it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams 得知 APIEL 作为新的测试系统不是短时间就能为人们所接受，故答案选 A。
3. B。词义猜测题。 根据第 1 行 …a new and comprehensive exam 和第 4 段…it is unlikely to soon gain the similarity of other already existing exams 可知
29
B. present C. standard D. formal
4. Please decide which of the following would be the best title for this news
current 意思为“现实的，目前的”，故知 B 为正确答案。
4. D。主旨题。阅读全文可知由于传统测试不能适应新形势对学生的要求，从而设计了一种新的测试系统 —— APIEL，故选 D。
(11)
New York: when the first jet struck, World Trade Center at 8:48 am on Tuesday, the People in 2 World Trade Center with a view of the instant damage across the divide had the clearest sense of what they, too, must do: get out fast.
Katherine Hachinski, who had been knocked off her chair by the blast of heat exploding from the neighboring tower, was one of those. Despite her 70 years of age, Ms Hachinski, an architect working on the 91st floor of 2 World Trade Centre, the south tower, went for the stairs. Twelve floors above her, Judy Wein, an executive (经理), screamed and set off too.
But others up and down the 110 floors, many without clear views of the damage across the way and thus unclear about what was happening, were not so sure. And the 18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off.
Amid the uncertainty about what was the best thing to do, formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound and the threat was limited to the other tower.
Some left, others stayed. Some began to climb down and, when met with more announcements and other cautions(警告) to stop or return, went hack up. The decisions made in those instants proved to be of great importance, because many who chose to stay were doomed(注定死亡) when the second jet crashed into the south tower, killing many and stranding(使某物留在) many more in the floors above where the jet hit.
One of those caught in indecision was the executive at Fuji Bank UAS. Richard Jacobs of Fuji Bank left the 79th floor with the other office workers, but on the 48th floor they heard the announcement that the situation was under control. Several got in the lifts and went back up, two minutes or so before the plane crashed-into their floor.
“I just don‟t know what happened to them,” Mr. Jacobs said.
1. From the passage, we know that the south tower was hit by the plane_______.
A. at 8: 30
B. 18 minutes earlier than the north tower C. at around 9:06 D. at 8:48
2. The underlined words “stay put” means_______. A. stay in the building
B. leave at once
C. put everything back and then leave D. keep silent 3. Which floor was hit by the second jet? A. the 91st floor C. the 60th floor
30
B. the 103rd floor D. the 79th floor
4. Fewer people would have died if_______. A. more announcement had been made B. people hadn‟t used the lifts
C. the incident had happened on a weekend D. the people had obeyed the office rules
【答案解析】本文描述了两架飞机先后撞击世贸大厦的情况及人们对此的反应。
1. C。推断题。根据When the first jet struck World Trade Center at 8:48 a.m. on Tuesday…及And the 18 minutes before the next plane would hit were ticking off.…when the second jet crashed into the south tower… 可知第一架飞机撞击发生在上午8:48，第二架飞机撞击发生在18分钟之后，据此选 C。
2. A。词义猜测题。根据…formal announcements inside the sound tower instructed people to stay put, assuring them that the building was sound and the threat was limited to the other tower 及其后的伴随状语所表达的意思 “向他们保证说这幢建筑物安然无恙并且威胁局限在另一塔”可知是要人们 “留下来”，据此选 A。
3. D。细节题。根据倒数第 2 段得知Richard Jacobs with the other office workers开始离开了 79 层，但在 48 层时听说形势已得到控制，有几个人便又返回到了 79 层，大约 2 分钟之后他们的楼层被撞，据此选 D。
4. C。推断题。阅读全文可知这次撞击发生在星期二，人们都在上班；如果发生在周末，就不会有这么多人在上班，自然伤亡的人数也会减少，据此选答案 C。
（12）
The Fifth China International Fair for Investment and Trade is expected to expand the country‟s economic relations with the international community when it opens on September 9. The four-day fair will be held in the Economic Zone of Xiamen, a coastal city in East China‟s Fujian province. Compared with the previous four fairs held annually since 1997, this year‟s fair will provide more detailed information and better services for the participants, according to Xi Jinping, governor of the Fujian province and director of the organizing committee of the fair.
A series of high-level forums will be held on international investment and China‟s entry into the World Trade Organization. Since 1997, Xiamen has successfully hosted four sessions of the China International Fair for Investment and Trade, drawing global attention. Xiamen will redouble its efforts to offer better services for all its guests and friends attending the fair, according to ZhuYayan, the mayor. Altogether 9,141 overseas-funded projects have been negotiated at the past four fairs, with a combined overseas investment of US $ 48.3 billion.
Altogether 1,838 projects using foreign investment were negotiated with a total overseas investment of US $ 9,47 billion. The 1,261 contracts signed at the fourth fair registered a combined pledged overseas investment of US $ 5 billion. The total export and import volume reached US $ 786 million.
31
有图：见《英语周报》精粹（高中版）P127页 1. What is the best title for this passage? A. The Fifth Fair Will Be Held. B. The Fair is Famous. C. Fairs Attract the World Wide Attention. D. Xiamen is a Trade Zone. 2. How many fingers are there in the logo of the China Fair International Investment and Trade?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 3. Why is the golden key to success designed as the logo of CFIIT? A. Because the fair will attract overseas investment to China. B. Because it is a key to our home. C. Because it is just like a key.
D. Because the fair is held on August 9.
5. What is the average of the overseas investment on one project in the past four fairs?
A. 0.00380 billion. B. 0.00529 billion. C. 0.00513 billion. D. 0.00397 billion. 【答案与解析】本文主要讲国际贸易和投资洽谈会扩展了各国之间的经济联系，引起全世界的广泛关注。
1. C。主旨题。这是一道归纳题，本文主要讲洽谈会吸引全球的关注，所以答案C。
2. B。细节题。从图标下的注解可知the figures nine and eight as well as CFIIT…可知由两个数字组成，故答案选B。
3. A。判断题。从文中第 2 段可知把商标设计为CFIIL主要是为了吸引更多的海外投资，所以答案选A。
4. B。判断题。从文中第 2 段最后一句共9 141个工程获得的资金是48.3 billion，由此可推知平均每项海外工程的资金，答案为B。
(13)
On Saturday August 12, 2000, during Northern Fleet training exercises in the Barents Sea, the Russian nuclear submarine(潜水艇) Kursk sank in about 100 meters of water with some 118 sailors aboard. It's known later that several officers were also aboard, observing the training exercises. The Kursk is lying on the ocean floor in the Barents Sea. The Russian Navy said that it was listing 30 degrees to port. Other sources reported it was listing as much 60 as degrees. According to a Russian newspaper, when the submarine Kursk failed to make contact with the naval command at the right time later that day, Northern Fleet Commander Admiral Vyachesav Popov ordered rescue ships into the area. It took hours to find the submarine, as it didn't launch(发射) a marking buoy(浮) before sinking.
Russian Navy Chief insisted that the submarine Kursk had been involved(卷入) in a major collision(碰撞), but a great deal of information shows that this is not true. Up till now, it's believed that an explosion in the torpedo compartment(鱼雷舱) in the nose of the Kursk was the likely cause. Now Russian government officially
32
asked Norway for help in recovering of sailors' bodies first of all, and Norway has agreed to offer all help. But Russian insisted that only Russians work inside the submarine Kursk and that the work last for about 10～18 working days. It is expected to recover only 25～35 bodies from the Kursk.
It was not until October 25, when a team of Russian divers entered the submarine Kursk, some 350 feet below the surface, that truth became clear. On November 7, in the morning, owing to(由于) the icy and the cold weather, a special rescue meeting held on Murmansk decided to stop the whole bodies recovering operation.
1. From the text we can infer that _______ led to the sinking of the submarine Kursk.
A. a small fighting with another foreign submarine B. an explosion inside the submarine Kursk C. a great collision inside the submarine Kursk D. an attack from another foreign submarine
2. After Kursk accident occurred, Northern Fleet Commander Popov _______. A. decided to recover all the sailors' bodies immediately B. went to apply to Norway for help at once
C. decided to find out the real cause of sinking at once D. sent several rescue ships into the Barents Sea
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text? A. The Norwegians were willing to offer all help.
A. If the rescue work did within 10～18 days, there would be about 30 sailors to be recovered.
B. It was not believed that there were many unclear weapons inside the Kursk. C. A team of divers from Norway entered the submarine Kursk successfully on Oct. 25
D. It's reported that a major collision was unlikely to cause the sinking of the Kursk.
4. Why did Russia insist that only Russian divers can work inside the submarine Kursk?
A. Because the Barents Sea is very icy and the weather is too cold.
B. Because Russia feared that the top secrets inside the Kursk will be let out. C. Because Russian divers are much more skilled than those from Norway. D. Because Russian government wants to bring the cost down to the lowest degree.
5. The underlined words “make contact with” in the first paragraph refers to the idea that the submarine Kursk can't_______.
A. get in touch after much effort with the naval command B. send up the nuclear weapons in the training exercises C. get the naval officers to return to the Northern Fleet D. get in touch after much effort with Russian government
【答案与解释】 2000年8月12日，俄罗斯的一艘潜水艇连同120余名
33
官兵沉入Barents海100多米的水底，在请求了挪威的援助下营救工作随即开始，事故原因众说不一，时至十月二十五日才真相大白。
1. B。细节题。根据第 2 段第 2 句话 Up till now, it‟s believed that an explosion in the torpedo compartment in the nose of the Kursk was the likely cause 可知答案。
2. D。细节题。根据第 1 段倒数第 2 句话 …Northern Fleet Commander Admiral Vyachesav Popov ordered rescue ships into the area 可知答案。
3. C。判断题。根据第 2 段倒数第 2 句话 But Russian insisted that only Russians work inside the submarine Kursk 可得出答案。
4. B。判断题。此题属考查考生的国际军事外交常识。其中四个选项文章中均没有提及到，但比较四个选项可以发现C选项较合情理(潜核艇内部设备属于国家机密，不允许别国的人入内，以免泄密)。
5. A。词义猜测题。从第 1 段后部分内容中可猜出是 the naval command 与 submarine Kurst“失去联系”后，Northern Fleet Commander 估计 submarine Kurst 发生了事故，才派遣搜救船队。
四、科技类
(1)
With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That‟s a move similar to what a Texas A & M University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah‟s Ark”.
Noah‟s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A & M‟s College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete. “The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy (having a baby). It takes a long time and it‟s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any
34
live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A& M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that‟s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah‟s Ark. We‟re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there‟s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It‟s a research that is very much needed.”
1. The aim of “Noah‟s Ark” project is to _______. A. make efforts to clone the endangered pandas B. save endangered animals from dying out C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.
A. available panda eggs C. qualified researchers
B. host animals D. enough money
3. The best title for the passage may be _______.
A. China‟s Success in Pandas Cloning B. The First Cloned Panda in the World C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D. China —the Native Place of Pandas Forever
4. From the passage we know that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a dog B. scientists try to implant a panda‟s egg into a rabbit
C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in a century
【答案与解析】本文讲述中国正在竭力克隆濒临绝种的熊猫，这和Texas A & M University 的Noah's Ark(诺亚方舟)工程极为相似，都是想拯救濒临灭绝的动物。
1. B。语义理解题。从第2段内容可知，“诺亚方舟”工程的目标是把濒临灭绝的动物的蛋(卵)、胚胎、精液和DNA储存在液体氮中，如果某一种动物濒临灭绝时，将来可以重现这一动物。
2. A。细节题。从第6段第1句话 The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available (capable of being used ) panda eggs could be a major problem 可以做出正确判断。
3. C。主旨题。从文章内容来看，无论是中国还是世界克隆熊猫还没有成功，所以排除A、B项；D项内容明显与文章内容不符，故排除。所以“探索克隆熊猫的可能性”应该是这篇文章的标题。
4. D。判断题。此题B项的干扰性较强，但由于它没有说明是Chinese scientists，所以应排除。A、C项明显与原文不符。根据文章第3段第1句可知答案非D莫属。
(2)
Want a glance of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various
35
networks of people about patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exploited to deliver medicine to the patient —no matter where he or she may be.
Online doctors offering advice based on normal symptoms(症状) are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using personal data assistance plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly practical to send a patient‟s important signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment, the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well be a thing of the past.
Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural(countryside) care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster need—especially after earthquakes. On the whole, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and experts‟ opinions.
But there is one problem. Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂的) medical pictures around the world — CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users. Communication satellites may be able to deal with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes or wars. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of remote medical service.
Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts‟ opinions and diagnosis are common.
1. The writer chiefly talks about _______. A. the use of telemedicine
B. the on-lined doctors D. communication improvement
C. medical care and treatment
2. The basis of remote diagnosis will be _______. A. personal data assistance B. some words of a patient
C. real physiological information
D. medical pictures from the Internet
3. Which of the following statements is true according to the text？ A. Patients don‟t need doctors in hospitals any more. B. It is impossible to send a patient‟s signs over the telephone. C. Many teams use telemedicine dealing with disasters now. D. Broadband communications will become cheaper in the future.
4. The “problem” in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that _______. A. bandwidth isn‟t big enough to send complex medical pictures B. the second-generation of Internet has not become popular yet C. communication satellites can only deal with short-term needs D. there is not enough equipment for spreading the medical care
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述人们将来可以通过网上看病，医生可以根据
36
病人的生理数据做出远程诊断。随着第二代因特网和第三代移动手机为将来的远程医疗服务，尤其是宽带网交流价格的下降，远程医疗和医药信息、专家意见和诊断共享将成为家常便饭。
1. A。主旨题。第2段和第3段的内容，可知最佳答案为A。
2. C。细节题。从第2段第2句话中的…remote diagnosis(远程诊断) will be based on real physiological data(生理数据) from the actual patient 可以做出正确判断。
3. D。判断题。网上可以看病并不就是说病人去医院不需要医生，排除A项；通过电话发送病人的信息是可行的，排除B项；现在至少有一个医疗队想用远程医疗来治疗疾病，C项也不对；根据文章最后一句话With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should start a new time when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, experts‟ opinions and diagnosis are common 可以肯定答案是D。
4. A。推断题。根据第4段第2句话 Bandwidth(宽带) is the limiting factor for sending complex(复杂) medical pictures around the world — CT photos being one of the biggest bandwidth users可知答案为A。
(3)
Scientists are uncovering the secrets of two port cities lost under the waters of the Mediterranean Sea, a researcher said yesterday.
Herakleion and Menouthis were rich and proud cities until something reduced them to rubble (碎石) and buried them in the mud beneath 30 feet of sea water, French underwater explorer Franck Goddio said at the American Geophysical Union conference.
“This is a mystery that is ongoing,” said Goddio, a founder of the European Institute of Marine Archeology, a Paris-based underwater research organization backed by the wealthy Hilti Foundation of Liechtenstein(列支敦士登基金会).
The destruction of the twin port cities has haunted Goddio ever since he happened upon the site about 15 miles from Alexandria while exploring sunken ships from Napoleon‟s fleet.
Goddio and his group of expert divers, marine archeologists(海洋考古学家) and others, are using high powered vacuums, satellite navigation systems and sophisticated sonar(声纳) to excavate(挖掘) the sunken cities from underneath a carpet of silt about one meter (three feet) high.
Walls of shops, remains of streets and gold artifacts have been found and recovered.
Some experts believe that the port cities were destroyed by a series of massive earthquakes, much like the quakes scientists believe felled Troy(特洛伊城), Jericho and other ancient cities. The uniform direction of the collapsed columns and walls suggest an earthquake, Goddio said, but no fault lines have been found nearby.
Other researchers believe a massive wave, caused by either an offshore earthquake or a distant underwater landslide, could explain the catastrophe. Still others think rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities.
37
“The argument, as you can see, continues,” Goddio said.
1. The reason why the two port cities disappeared under the waters of Mediterranean Sea is that ______.
A. the two port cities were destroyed by huge earthquakes
B. the disappearance of the two port cities was caused by underwater landslide C. rising seas and a shift in the Nile River outlet doomed the cities D. the story didn‟t tell us at all
2. From the story we can draw a conclusion that _______. A. the two port cities were famous for their wealth and the mystery B. the two cities belonged to France
C. some mysterious creatures from other planets destroyed the two cities D. the American Geophysical Union conference was once held in one of the two cities
3. This article is probably from _______. A. a scientific magazine B. a report to the government C. a school text book
D. a scientific report in a newspaper (1—3 DBD)
【答案与解析】本文报道了人们对法国地中海中的两座城市沉如海底的各种推测。
1. D。推断题。文章只对城市下沉的原因作了一些推测但未作出结论。由此可推知此题答案为D。
2. B。推断题。根据文章中所提到的与之相关的名称，如：French underwater explorer Franck Goddio, a Paris-based underwater research organization, Napoleon‟s fleet可推知此题答案为B。
3. D。推断题。文章讨论地中海中的两座城市下沉的原因，显然与地质科学有关，故选D。注意不宜选A，一个显然的因素是第1段中出现的yesterday。
(4)
Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. reseachers reported on Thursday.
Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer‟s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.
“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,” Kinsley said.
“It‟s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”
38
Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer‟s and other forms of age-related brain decline.
“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the mother from the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.
“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic alterations(改变) to the brain.”
1. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”? A. Some researchers have told them. B. Many women say so.
C. They know it by experimenting on rats. D. They know it through their own experience.
2. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph? A. Baby rats. B. Animals. C. Old rats. D. Grown-up rats. 3. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage? A. Estrogen. B. The hormones of pregnancy. C. More exercise. D. Taking care of children.
4. “It‟s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does the sentence suggest?
A. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans. B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals. C. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.
D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals. 5. Which title is the best for this passage? A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?
B. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter C. Mysterious Hormones D. An Important Study
【答案与解析】本文介绍了一个观点：母性特点能使妇女变得更加聪明灵敏。
1. C。细节题。根据Tests on rats show… 可知科学家是通过做老鼠实验得出这个结论的。
2. A。词义猜测题。后面的对比who have no babies，实际上提供了一个相反的情况，所以我们可以推测those who raise two or more litters of pups中的litters of pups指的是“刚出生不久的小老鼠”。
3. B。细节题。根据文章第 3 段中的 …the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain可得出答案。
4. C。句意理解题。科学家通过用老鼠做实验来说明人的问题。因为人和老鼠都属于哺乳动物，很多生理机能都相同。
5. B。主旨题。短文第 1 句 Motherhood may make women smarter 是主题
39
句，据此我们可以得出答案。
(5)
To get cash out in the 21st century, you won‟t need a bank card, a PIN(个人识别编号) or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye, declares National Cash Registers, a multinational company that makes automated teller machines, or ATMs. NCR has shown its first example machine that is believed to be the future of banking. Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally through a loudspeaker to look straight ahead while an infrared camera turns to your head, then your eye, and finally takes an infrared photograph of your iris(虹膜). For identification(识别) purposes, an iris picture is better than a fingerprint, with around 256 noticeable characteristics compared with 40 for fingerprints. This means that the chances of someone else being recognized in your place is about 1 in 1020. Once you‟ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says: “Would you like cash or a statement?” An infrared port allows the machine to send a bank statement straight to your pocket computer.
1. What does this passage mainly talk about? A. A new medical instrument B. A new type of talking machine. C. A new type of cash machine. D. National Cash Register 2. What is this new machine called? A. Stella
B. ATM
C. PIN
D. NCR
3. When you want to get cash out in the 21st century, you will _______. A. need a bank card C. move your finger
B. have to put in your PIN D. just look directly at the teller machine
【答案解析】本文介绍了自动取款机的新型的识别储户方法。
1. C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文介绍的是新型取款机的设计原理及工作方式，故选 C。
2. A。细节题。根据 Instead of asking you for your PIN on a screen, the Super Teller-Stella for short, asks you orally… 及 Once you‟ve been identified, Stella greets you by name and says… 可知答案为 A。
3. D。细节题。根据 To get cash out in the 21st century, you won‟t need a bank card, a PIN or even have to move a finger. You will simply have to look the cash machine straight in the eye,…可知仅仅径直看着取款机就可以了，故选答案 D。
(6)
Weather changes when the temperature and the amount of water in the atmosphere change. We can see and feel water coming from the atmosphere when we have rain. But the water must somehow get back to the atmosphere. Meteorologists call this the water cycle.
There are many stages in the water cycle. Rain falls when water vapour in
40
clouds condenses(凝结). Drops of water form and fall to the ground. The water soaks into the ground and feeds streams and rivers. A lot of rain falls into the sea. The heat of the sun evaporates some of the water in the ground and in the rivers, lakes, and the sea. It changes the liquid water into water vapour. The vapour rises onto the air. Water vapour is normally invisible. On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. Water vapour also gets into the air from living things. Trees and other plants take in water through their roots and give off water vapour from their leaves. People and land animals drink water and breathe out water vapour. In all these ways the water returns to the air. There it gathers to form clouds and condenses to form rain. The rain falls to earth, and the cycle starts again. It continues even if snow or hail(冰雹) fall instead because both eventually melt to form water. The amount of water vapour in the air depends on the temperature. The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions.
1. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Water cycle. C. How rain forms. A. Two.
B. Water vapour.
D. Water, vapour, rain.
2. How many ways of the water returning to the air are discussed in the text?
B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
B. how good your eyes are
3. Whether water vapour can be seen or not depends on _______. A. how much water is evaporated
C. in which way water is evaporated D. climate or weather 4. From the passage we get to know _______.
A. there is more water vapour in the air in the tropics than in cold polar regions B. there is more water vapour in the air in cold polar region than in the tropics C. it gets more rain in the tropics than in cold polar regions because there is less vapour
D. the amount of water vapour in the air depends on how often it rains 【答案与解析】本文阐述了水循环的全过程。
1. A。主旨题。文章第1段，特别是最后一句Meteorologists call this the water cycle. 已点明主题。
2. B。判断题。读完第2段，不难发现水返回空中的方式有3种：第1种是太阳蒸发地面上的水使之变成水蒸气返回空中；第2种是树和植物释放出的水蒸气；第3种是人和动物呼出的水蒸气。
3. D。语义理解题。从第2段第9句话On a very damp or humid day, however, you can sometimes see water vapour rising from a puddle(水坑) or pond in a mist(薄雾) above the water. 可以找到为什么。
4. A。判断题。根据最后一句话The air is more moist(潮湿) in the tropics(热带) than in the cold polar regions 可知答案。
(7)
Technology is the application(应用) of knowledge to production. Thanks to modern technology, we have been able to increase greatly the efficiency of our
41
work force. New machines and new methods have helped cut down time and expense while increasing overall output. This has meant more production and a higher standard of living. For most of us in America, modern technology is thought of as the reason why we can have cars and television sets. However, technology has also increased the amount of food available to us, by means of modern farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended our life span via(通过) medical technology.
Will mankind continue to live longer and have a higher quality of life? In large measure the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely. If we keep making progress as we have over the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The advancement of technology depends upon research and development, and the latest statistics(统计) show that the United States is continuing to pump billions of dollars annually(每年) into such efforts. So while we are running out of some scarce resources(少的资源) we may well find technological substitutes(代用品)for many of them through our research programs.
Therefore, in the final analysis the three major factors of production(land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology. When we need new skills, on techniques in medicine, people will start developing new technology to meet those needs. As equipment proves to be slow or inefficient, new machines will be invented. Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living.
1. What is the best title for the passage? A. The definition of technology
B. Modern technology
D. The development of technology
C. The application of technology
2. Which is the main idea of the passage?
A. Modern technology is the key to the improvement of standard of living. B. The three major factors of production (land, labor and capital) are all influenced by technology.
C. Technology is the response to our needs.
D. The United States is making great efforts to advance its technology. 3. According to the passage, people can live a long life with the help of _______.
A. higher quality of life
B. medical technology D. technological substitute
C. modern farming machinery
【答案与解析】“科学技术是生产力”是这篇文章的主题。
1. B。主旨题。文章的主要笔墨是用在科学技术的作用上，所以答案应选B。
2. A。主旨题。文章最后一句Technology responds to our needs in helping us maintain our standard of living 就是主题句。
3. B。判断题。从文章第2段第2句话…the answer depends on technology and our ability to use it widely 可以肯定答案选B。
42
(8)
Space travel is definitely bad for astronauts‟ bones, reducing their bone density(密度) after only a month of weightlessness, according to French research published on Friday.
Laurence Vico and his fellow workers at St Etienne University called for more research into the effects of microgravity, after their study of 15 astronauts from the Russian MIR station showed bone loss continued throughout space flights.
“Bone loss was especially striking in four astronauts, ” the scientists reported in the Lancet Medical Journal.
They measured the bone mineral density (BMD) of bones in the forearm(前臂) and lower leg of the astronauts who had spent one to six months in space.
The BMD loss was significant in the tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone, but barely changed in the radius(桡骨) of the forearm. “Our results indicate the need to investigate not only different bones, but also different areas of the same bone since not all sites of the skeleton (骨架) are similarly affected by space conditions, ” they added.
Without gravity the body isn‟t bearing any weight so there is no need for calcium (钙) which makes bones strong, and it becomes empty into the bloodstream.
The research team suggested in future scientists should try to determine if the loss of bone density was only on weight-bearing bones on longer flights, also the possible recovery after returning to Earth.
1. French scientists did their research on Russian astronauts, because _______. A. they only cared for the Russian astronauts B. they were not interested in their own astronauts C. the Russian government invited them to do their research D. the Russian astronauts worked in space for a long time 2. Scientists have found that _______.
A. the BMD loss may cause serious illness to astronauts B. the BMD loss may cause some change in astronauts‟ bodies C. astronauts shouldn‟t care about the BMD loss
D. astronauts should take some calcium before space travel
3. What cause the BMD loss to astronauts, according to this passage? A. The food they eat in space. C. The temperature in space. A. unusual (1—4 DBDA)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了法国对太空宇航员长期在太空飞行，会使骨里的密度减少而对骨不利的研究。
1. D。细节题。根据文章第4段的定语从句who had spent one to six months in space可推知此题答案为D。
2. B。细节题。根据文章第5段第1句The BMD loss was significant in the
43
B. The drinks they take in space. D. The gravity in space. C. weak
D. slow
4. In the third paragraph, the word “striking” means ______.
B. simple
tibia(胫骨) of the lower leg, a weight-bearing bone可推知此题答案为B。
3. D。细节题。根据文章第6段Without gravity…所引起的结果，可推知此题答案为D。
4. A。词义猜测题。上文提到对十五人进行研究表明在整个航行过程中骨损在继续，下文再说especially striking，可知是“特别明显”的事，因此选A。
(9)
Some spiders hunt on the ground, others build webs to trap their food, but the grass water spider catches its prey by running along the surface of the water.
This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams where mosquitoes, damsel flies and other insects come to feed and breed.
Although it is one of the largest spiders in New Zealand, it has an unusual ability. It doesn‟t disturb the water as it waits for its meal, and there is barely a ripple(波纹) when it skims(掠过) across the surface at lightning speed to catch its prey.
Grass water spiders deal swiftly with larger insects like damsel flies by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.
After a meal, the grass water spider spends up to half an hour grooming(修饰) itself. It wipes its eight eyes, brushes its antennae(触角), and takes special care to clean the hairs on its body.
It is the hairs that trap tiny bubbles(泡沫) of air so that the spider can run down a blade(叶片) of grass and stay underwater for up to an hour when it is frightened. The hairs also keep the spider dry, even underwater.
It is only when the female spider is caring for the young that she does not hunt on the water. After mating, she produces a large egg sac(囊), which she carries around for five weeks. Once the eggs start to hatch, she attaches the sac to some blades of grass or a thistle. She then tears the sac open and releases the tiny spiders into the nursery web.
1. How does the grass water spider kill its prey? A. in a web
B. by drowning
C. by poisoning D. with its antennae
2. the writer describes the special spider as “special” because _______. A. it walks on water
B. it has eight eyes
D. of the way it produces its young
C. of its hairy appearance
3. The passage tells us that the spider ______. A. feeds grass and thistles to its young. B. lives on blades of grass under the water C. lives in the grass on the banks of streams D. eats a meal once every five weeks 4. The purpose of the passage is to _______. A. convince readers that spiders are dangerous B. indicate that the grass water spider is endangered C. list all of the spiders that can be found in New Zealand D. describe the characteristics of the grass water spider
44
(1—4 BACD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了一种水蜘蛛的生活情况。
1. B。细节题。根据文章第4段描述by pulling their heads under the water and holding them there until they drown.可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。细节题。根据文章第1段后面的并列分句by running along the surface of the water.可推知此题答案为A。
3. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句This special water spider lives on the grassy banks of streams可推知此题答案为C。
4. D。主旨题。主文主要介绍了这种水蜘蛛的生活情况，由此可知作者的目的是要读者了解水蜘蛛的特征，所以选D。
(10)
Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks—we are not born with them. A baby has generally informed face features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around-family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike, new Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta. Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
1. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______. A. has little to do with culture B. has much to do with culture C. is ever changing D. is different from place to place
2. According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______. A. before birth
B. as soon as one‟s teeth are newly set
C. sometime after new teeth are set D. around 15 years old
3. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by _______.
A. how much he or she laughs C. what he or she likes best
B. how he or she raises his or her eyebrows
45
D. the way he or she talks
4. This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ________. A. physics B. chemistry above
(1—4 BCAD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了人的面目不是生来注定，而是后天习得的理论。 1. B。细节题。根据文章第2句physical appearance is often culturally programmed可推知此题答案为B。
2. C。细节题。根据文章中间的句子the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set可推知此题答案为 C。
3. A。推断题。根据文章末尾部分对各个地方人笑的多少的归纳可推知此题答案为A。
4. D。推断题。根据文章的内容与选项的比较，发现选项A、B、C与文章内容毫无关系，从而可推知此题答案为D。
(11)
Suppose we built a robot to explore the planet Mars. We provide the robot with seeing detectors(探测器) to keep it away from danger. It is powered entirely by the sun. Should we program the robot to be equally active at all times? No, the robot would be using up energy at a time when it was not receiving any. So we would probably program it to stop its activity at night and to wake up at dawn the next morning.
According to evolutionary(进化的) theory of sleep, evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason. The theory does not deny that sleep provides some important restorative functions. It merely says that evolution has programmed us to perform those functions at a time when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous. However, sleep protects us only from the sort of trouble we might walk into; it does not protect us from trouble that comes looking for us. So we sleep well when we are in a familiar, safe place, but we sleep lightly, if at all, when we fear that bears will nose into the tent.
The evolutionary theory explain the differences in sleep among creatures. Why do cats, for instance, sleep so much, while horses sleep so little? Surely cats do not need five times as much repair and restoration as horses do. But cats can afford to have long periods of inactivity because they spend little time eating and are unlikely to be attacked while they sleep. Horses must spend almost all their waking hours eating, because what they eat is very low in energy value. Moreover, they cannot afford to sleep too long or too deeply, because their survival depends on their ability to run away from attackers.
1. The author uses the example of the robot in space exploration to tell us _______.
A. the differences between robots and men B. the reason why men need to sleep C. about the need for robots to save power D. about the danger of men working at night
46
C. biology D. none of the
2. Evolution has programmed man to sleep at night chiefly to help him ______.
A. keep up a regular pattern of life
B. prevent trouble that comes looking for him C. avoid danger and inefficient labor D. restore his bodily functions
3. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?
A. Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.
B. The study of sleep is an important art of the evolutionary theory.
C. Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.
D. The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats. 【答案与解析】本文介绍了有关睡觉进化论方面的知识。
1. B。推断题。根据文章第2段第1句evolution equipped us with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking for the same reason可推知此题答案为B。
2. C。推断题。根据文章第2段第3句when activity would be inefficient and possibly dangerous可推知此题答案为C。
3. A。推断题。根据文章第2段第1句和第3段第1句可推知此题答案为 A。
(12)
Believe it or not, optical illusion(错觉) can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. But stripes, called chevrons(人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation(基金会) for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan‟s success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.
Excessive (too great) speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards (danger) are the greatest curves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
1. The passage mainly discusses ________. A. a new way of highway speed control B. a new pattern for painting highways
47
C. a new way of training drivers D. a new type of optical illusion
2. On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that ________. A. they should avoid speed-related hazards B. they are driving in the wrong lane C. they should slow down their speed D. they are coming near to the speed limit
3. The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that the former ________.
A. can keep drivers awake B. can cut road accidents in half C. will look more attractive D. will have a longer effect on drivers
4. The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to ________.
A. try out the Japanese method in certain areas B. change the road signs across the country C. replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons D. repeat the Japanese road patterns
5. What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?
A. They are suitable only on broad roads. B. They are falling out of use in the United States. C. They are ignored in a long period of time.
D. They cannot be used successfully to traffic circles.
【答案解析】为了控制车速，减少交通事故，美国决定在公路上画人字形标志。
1. A。主旨题。通读全文，我们可以知道，在高速公路上画各种线是为了让司机觉得车速过快，从而达到控制车速的目的。
2. C。细节题。由But stripes, called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.可知C项正确。
3. D。推断题。由最后两段对比可知，人字形线比直线、平等线对控制车速有更长久的影响。
4. A。细节题。 根据paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country，可知他们在精心挑选的几条路上试验日本的模式。 5. C。推断题。根据 However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars 可知。
(13)
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer
48
from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds.
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most pains—taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms(症状).
1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument. A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3 2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage? A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already had one. 3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when ________. A. they are working in the isolated Arctic regions B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated Arctic regions D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world 4. The passage mainly discusses ________. A. the experiments on the common cold B. the fallacy about the common cold C. the reason and the way people catch colds D. the continued spread of common colds
【答案解析】本文为议论文。阐述了“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”观点。 1. B。细节题。作者举了5个例子来说明自己的观点：Eskimos; explorers in isolated Arctic regions; soldiers during the First World War; prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp; volunteers in Experiments.
49
2. C。细节题。选项A、B、D均与原文相符(见第二段)，而选项C显然与文中的You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. 不相符，故选C。
3. D。细节题 从 …explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside 中可以知道，这些探险者是因为与外界接触而感冒的。
4. B。主旨题。第二段的第一、二句The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not.是本文的主题句。全文主要阐述了“感冒不是由寒冷引起的”这一观点。
(14)
Zinc(锌) is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health. It is present in the body in a very small amount but makes it possible for important chemical actions to be carried out in cells. Scientists are just beginning to discover how zinc and other elements work.
Researchers first studied zinc as a way to speed recovery. Dr. Waltor Powys formerly with the United States Air Force noted that the laboratory animals recovered faster when some matters were added to their food. One of these matters was zinc. Dr. Powys later tested the zinc treatment on an American airman recovering from medical operations. The airman who received zinc sulphate(硫酸盐) recovered in half of the usual time. Other doctors studied persons who had a number of strange disorders. The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. They treated these disorders successfully by giving the patients zinc sulphate.
The amount of zinc in the body can be found by examining blood and hair. A lack of this important element is not uncommon among people in both industrial and developing countries. Zinc is found in most high protein(蛋白质) foods such as meat, milk, fish and eggs. It is also found in whole grains. But many people do not eat enough of these food. Food markets should add these elements so that more people could get needed amount of these necessary matters.
1. Which of the following statements is true? A. Scientists found how zinc works a long time ago. B. People need a large amount of zinc to be healthy.
C. Zinc allows important chemical actions to take place in cells. D. Zinc must be used in the course of medical operation. 2. One of the results from the study of zinc is that _______. A. there‟s only a little zinc in the human body B. food rich in protein contains more zinc
C. some physical problems are caused by lack of zinc
D. any patient who receives zinc sulphate gets well immediately 3. The best title for the passage may be _______.
A. A New Discovery
B. Zinc and Health
50
C. How Zinc Works D. Add Zinc to Your Food
【答案解析】本文是说明文，讲述了锌对人体的保健作用。
1. C。细节题。根据 …but makes it possible for important chemical actions to he carried out in cells.可推知此题答案为C。
2. C。细节题。根据The doctors learned that all of these problems were caused by lack of zinc in the body. 可推知此题答案为C。
3. B。主旨题。根据第一句(主题句) Zinc(锌)is one of about 20 elements necessary for good health.可推知。
(17)
According to a famous optical(光学) expert, Alexander, who recently visited Shanghai, the developed countries in Europe and America have made rules that children must wear resinous(树脂) glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass. This is because the glass glasses are more likely to do harm to children‟s eyesight.
Alexander pointed out: wearing the right glasses as soon as possible is still the best way to cure and put right children‟s eyesight problems.
In America and Japan the resinous glasses have taken up 80 percent of the glasses market. And some European countries and America have made it a law that children, teenagers and drivers must wear resinous glasses. Now, about 10 million children in China have different eyesight problems and they need timely treatment.
But still, too many parents are buying the traditional glass glasses for their children. This is mainly because many parents know little or nothing about the good points of the resinous glasses. Besides, the price for the new glasses is a little higher than the traditional ones.
1. This news article mainly wants to tell us _______.
A. Alexander visited China and introduced a new type of glasses B. we should wear resinous glasses instead of glass glasses C. resinous glasses are popular in Europe and America D. glasses can be made of other materials instead of glass
2. According to Alexander, the “timely treatment” to eyesight problems is _______.
A. to stop wearing glass glasses any more
B. to buy a pair of glasses and wear them right away C. to wear suitable resinous glasses at the right time
D. to buy glasses made in Europe, Japan or America if possible
3. It can be inferred from this news text that _______. A. resinous glasses are not on sale in China yet B. resinous glasses are not acceptable in China
C. glass glasses have disappeared on western market because there is a law against them
D. glass glasses are the first choice in China not only because of their price
51
(1—3 BCD)
【答案与解析】本文指出：传统的玻璃眼镜可能对眼睛产生很大的危害，目前世界上很多国家都在使用树脂眼镜，并建议中国小孩也使用树脂眼镜。
1. B。主旨题。根据文章第 1 段第 1 句 …children must wear resinous(树脂) glasses instead of the traditional glasses made of glass 可推知此题答案为 B。
2. C。推断题。根据文章第 2 段 …wearing the right glasses as soon as possible is still the best way to cure and put right children‟s eyesight problems 可推知此题答案为 C。
3. D。细节题。根据文章第 4 段第 2 句 This is mainly because many parents know little or nothing about the good points of the resinous glasses 可推知此题答案为 D。
(18)
With only about 1, 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种). That‟s similar to what Texas A＆M University researchers have been undertaking(负责) for the past five years in a project called “Noah‟s Ark”.
Noah‟s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos(胚胎), semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen(氮). If certain species should become extinct, Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A＆M‟S College of Veterinary Medicine, says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.
It is estimated that as many as 2, 000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.
Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.
The entire procedure(过程) could take from three to five years to complete. “The nuclear transfer(核子移植) of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available(capable of being used) panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy(having a baby). It takes a long time and it‟s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Project at Texas A＆M, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.
“They are trying to do something that‟s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah‟s Ark. We‟re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly appreciate their effort and there‟s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It‟s a research that is very much needed.”
1. The aim of “Noah‟s Ark” project is to_______. A. make effort to clone the endangered pandas B. save endangered animals from dying out
52
C. collect DNA of endangered animals to study D. transfer the nuclear of one animal to another
2. According to Professor Kraemer, the major problem in cloning pandas would be the lack of _______.
A. available panda eggs C. qualified researchers
B. host animals D. enough money
3. The best title for the passage may be _______. A. China‟s Success in Pandas Cloning B. The First Cloned Panda in the World C. Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas D. China — the Native Place of Pandas Forever 4. From the passage we know that _______.
A. Kraemer and his team have succeeded in cloning a cat B. scientists try to implant a panda‟s egg into a tiger
C. Kraemer will work with Chinese scientists in clone researches D. about two thousand of species will probably die out in about a century 【答案与解析】本文介绍了科学家们正在运用克隆技术拯救如中国的大熊猫这种即将绝种的动物。
1.B。推断题。根据文章第1段中所说save the endangered species及第2句的That‟s similar to what Texas A ＆ M University可推知此题答案为B。
2.A。细节题。根据文章第4段中Kraemer所说的话可推知此题答案为A。 3.C。主旨题。根据文章第1段及全文内容可归纳出此题答案为C。 4.D。细节题。根据文章第3段第1句可推知此题答案为D。
五、文化类
(1)
A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made man — the man who has risen to the top through his own efforts, usually beginning by working with his hands. While the leader in business or industry or the college professor occupies a higher social position and commands greater respect in the community than the common laborer or even the skilled factory worker, he may take pains to point out that his father started life in America as a farmer or laborer of some sort. This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life. One is invited to dinner at a home that is not only comfortably but even luxuriously (豪华地) furnished and in which there is every evidence of the fact that the family has been able to afford foreign travel, expensive hobbies, and college education for the children; yet the hostess probably will cook the dinner herself, will serve it herself and will wash dishes afterward, furthermore the dinner will not consist merely of something quickly and easily assembled from contents of various cans and a cake or a pie bought at the nearby bakery. On the contrary, the
53
hostess usually takes pride in careful preparation of special dishes. A professional man may talk about washing the car, digging in his flowerbeds, painting the house. His wife may even help with these things, just as he often helps her with the dishwashing. The son who is away at college may wait on table and wash dishes for his living, or during the summer he may work with a construction gang on a highway in order to pay for his education.
1. From paragraph 1, we can know that in America _________. A. people tend to have a high opinion of the self-made man B. people can always rise to the top through their won efforts C. college professors win great respect from common workers C. people feel painful to mention their fathers as labors.
2. According to the passage, the hostess cooks dinner herself mainly because _________.
A. servants in American are hard to get
B. she takes pride in what she can do herself C. she can hardly afford servants
D. It is easy to prepare a meal with canned food
3. The expression “ wait on table” in the second paragraph means “_________”.
A. work in a furniture shop B. keep accounts for a bar C. wait to lay the table D. serve customers in a restaurant 4. Which of the following may serve as the best title of the passage? A. A Respectable Self-made Family B. American Attitude toward Manual Labor
C. Characteristics of American Culture D. The Development of Manual Labor 【答案解析】本文介绍了崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的美国文化。 1. A。细节题。 根据 A characteristic of American culture that has become almost a tradition is to respect the self-made made 我们可以了解到，“崇尚自我奋斗”是美国文化的特点。
2. B。推断题。根据This attitude toward manual(体力的) labor is now still seen in many aspects of American life.(在美国生活的方方面面，尊重体力劳动态度的现象仍然随处可见)，可以推断女主人亲自下厨，是因为她以能做这样的体力活而自豪。
3. D。词义猜测题。wait on table 意为“服务顾客”，注意其后的 washing dishes 也有一定的暗示意义，故答案为 D。
4. B。主旨题。纵观全文，文章主要讲了美国崇尚自我奋斗，尊重体力劳动的文化习惯。故答案为B。
(2)
A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in almost the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as formal texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the
54
child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or making him sad thinking. To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often sorry for cruelty than those who had not. As to fears, there are, I think, some cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy story. Often, however, this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc. do not exist; and that, instead of being fond of the strange side in fairy tales, the child should be taught to learn the reality by studying history. I find such people, I must say so peculiar(奇怪的) that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend.
No fairy story ever declared to be a description of the real world and no clever child has ever believed that it was.
1. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is _______. A. repeated without any change
B. treated as a joke D. set in the present
C. made some changes by the parent is _______.
A. in a realistic setting C. repeated too often that it _______.
A. makes them less fearful B. develops their power of memory
C. makes them believe there is nothing to be afraid of D. encourages them not to have strange beliefs
4. The author‟s mention of sticks and telephones is meant to suggest that _______.
A. fairy stories are still being made up
B. there is some misunderstanding about fairy tales C. people try to modernize old fairy stories
D. there is more concern for children's fears nowadays
5. One of the reasons why some people are not in favor of fairy tales is that _______.
A. they are full of imagination
B. they just make up the stories which are far from the truth C. they are not interesting
D. they make teachers of history difficult to teach
55
2. According to the passage, great fear can take place in a child when the story
B. heard for the first time D. told in a different way
3. The advantage claimed(提出) for repeating fairy stories to young children is
(1—5 CBABB)
【答案解析】本文为论说文，作者驳斥了对神话故事的种种指责和误解。 1. C。细节题。根据 It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual situation of the time and the child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better. 可推知此题答案为C。
2. B。细节题。根据 this arises(出现) from the child having heard the story once. 可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。细节题。根据Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.可以得出此答案。
4. B。推断题。有些人认为神话不现实，都是教孩子一些不存在的东西，会对孩子有不好的影响。作者用虚拟语气作了一个假设，如果这些观点站得住脚的话，可能会出现这样的情况：the world should be full of mad men attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a stick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their beloved girl-friend. 可见持这种观点的人实际上是对神话的一种误解。
5. B。推断题。根据 …not objectively true, do not exist可知有些人不赞成神话故事的原因是这些故事是编出来的，远离现实。故选B。
(3)
The number of speakers of English in Shakespeare‟s time is estimated(估计) to have been about five million. Today it is estimated that some 260 million people speak it as a native language, mainly in the United States, Canada, Great Britain, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. In addition to the standard varieties of English found in these areas, there are a great many regional and social varieties of the language as well as various levels of usage that are employed both in its spoken and written forms.
In fact, it is impossible to estimate the number of people in the world who have acquired an adequate(足够的) working knowledge of English in addition to their own languages. The purpose for English learning and the situations in which such learning takes place are so varied that it is difficult to explain and still more difficult to judge what forms an adequate working knowledge for each situation.
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the indefinite needs of its native speakers, English is a language in which some of important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is widely used for such purposes as meteorological and airport communications, international conferences, and the spread of information over the radio and television networks of many nations. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multilingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for entrance to the
56
scientific and technological developments in the West.
1. What would be the best title for this passage? A. The Difficulties of Learning English B. International Communications C. The Standard Varieties of English D. English as a World Language
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some 260 million people in the world have an adequate working knowledge of English.
B. There are some 260 million native speakers of English in the world. C. It is almost impossible to estimate the number of people with an adequate working knowledge of English.
D. People learn English for a variety of reasons.
3. According to the passage, what is the main reason for the widespread use of English?
A. It was popular during Shakespeare‟s time. B. It is used in former British colonies. C. It serves the needs of its native speakers.
D. It is a world language that is used for international communication. 4. What forms an adequate working knowledge of English? A. The ability to read a newspaper.
B. It is difficult to judge because it differs for each situation. C. Being a multilingual. D. Being a native speaker.
5. What type of developing countries would be most likely to use English? A. Those geographically close to the United States. B. Those interested in the culture of the United States. C. Former colonies of Great Britain.
D. Countries where international conferences are held.
【答案与解析】本文介绍了英语的发展变化情况，说明了英语最后成为世界语言的原因及英语在当代社会中的重要性。
1.D。主旨题。根据第3段第1句及全文的内容：英语在各个国家的各个领域的应用，可推知此题的答案为 D。
2.A。细节题。根据文章第1段中第2句及第2段的第1句的描述可推知此题的答案为A。
3.D。推断题。根据文章最后一段的描述，英语在世界不同领域、不同的地区的使用，可推知此题的答案为D。
4.B。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句可推知此题答案为B。 5.C。细节题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句可推知此题答案为C。
(4)
“If there is one thing I‟m sure about, it is that in a hundred years from now we will still be reading newspapers. It is not that newspapers are a necessity. Even now
57
some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday. But for most people reading a newspaper has become a habit passed down from generation to generation.
The nature of what is news may change. What basically makes news is what affects our lives — the big political stories, the coverage of the wars, earthquakes and other disasters, will continue much the same. I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though. It‟s already happening in areas that may directly affect our lives, like genetic(基因) engineering. In the future, I think there will be more coverage of scientific explanations of why we feel as we do — as we develop a better understanding of how the brain operates and what our feelings really are.
It‟s quite possible that in the next century newspapers will be transmitted(传送) electronically from Fleet Street and printed out in our own home. In fact, I‟m pretty sure that how it will happen in the future. You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read — sports and international news, etc.
I think people have got it wrong when they talk about competition between the different media(媒体). They actually feed off each other. Some people once foresaw that television would kill off newspapers, but that hasn‟t happened. What is read on the printed page lasts longer than pictures on a screen or sound lost in the air. And as for the Internet, it‟s never really pleasant to read something just on a screen.
1. What is the best title for the passage? A. The Best Way to Get News C. Make Your Own Newspaper
B. The Changes of Media D. The Future of Newspaper
2. In the writer‟s opinion, in the future, _______.
A. more big political affairs, wars and disasters will make news B. newspapers will not be printed in publishing houses any longer C. newspapers will cover more scientific research D. more and more people will watch TV
3. What will probably be on in the newspaper made by yourself? A. Sports and international news. C. The most important news.
B. A menu of important news. D. What you are interested in.
4. From the passage, we can infer _______.
A. newspapers will win the competition among the different media B. newspapers will stay with us together with other media C. television will take the place of newspaper D. the writer believe some media will die out
5. The phrase “feed off” in the last paragraph means _______. A. depend on C. fight with (1—5 DCDBA)
【答案与解析】本文提出报纸这一新闻媒体在近百年内不会消失的观点并分析了其原因。
58
B. compete with D. kill off
1. D。主旨题。从文章第1句：一百年后人们仍要读报，到后面文章讲到报纸跟人们生活的关系，报纸的形式和内容，可归纳出此题的答案为D。
2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段I think there will be more coverage of scientific research, though.可推知此题答案为C。
3. D。推断题。从文章第3段最后一句You will probably be able to choose from a menu, making up your own newspaper by picking out the things you want to read… 可推知此题答案为D。
4. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句Even now some people get most of their news from television or radio. Many buy a paper only on Saturday or Sunday可推知此题答案为B。
5. A。词义猜测题。作者上一句说人们错误地认为各各种不同的媒体相互竞争，而下一句作者又说 They actually feed off each other(注意句中 actually 一词)，再结合所给的四个选项，可知选A为合适。
(7)
Informal conversation is an important part of any business relationship. Before you start a discussion, however, make sure you understand which topics are suitable and which are considered taboos(禁忌) in a particular culture. Latin Americans enjoy sharing information about their local history, art, and customs. They expect questions about their family and are sure to show pictures of their children. Yon may feel free to ask similar questions of your Latin American friends. The French think of conversation as an art form, and they enjoy the value of lively discussions as well as disagreements. For them, arguments can be interesting — and they can cover pretty much or any topic — as long as they occur in a respectful and intelligent(智慧的) manner.
In the United States, business people like to discuss a wide range of topics, including opinions about work, family, hobbies, and politics. In Japan, China, and Korea, however, people are much more private. They do not share much about their thoughts, feelings, or emotions because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious(和谐的) business relationship they‟re trying to build. Middle Easterners are also private about their personal lives and family matters. It is considered rude, for example, to ask a businessman from Saudi Arabia about his wife or children.
As general rule, it‟s best not to talk about politics or religion(宗教) with your business friends. This can get you into trouble, even in the United States, where people hold different views. In addition, discussing one‟s salary is usually considered unsuitable. Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world, although be careful not to criticize a national sport. Instead, be friendly and praise your host‟s team.
1. The author considers politics and religion ________. A. cheerful topics C. rude topics
B. taboos
D. topics that can never be talked about
2. Which is typically a friendly topic in most places according to the author?
59
A. Sports.
B. Children.
D. Families.
C. Personal feelings.
3. Why are people from Asia more private in their conversation with others? A. They don‟t want to talk with others much.
B. They don‟t want to have their good relationship with others harmed by informal conversation.
C. They are afraid to argue with their colleagues. D. They want to keep their feelings to themselves.
4. What shouldn‟t you do when talking about sports with colleagues from another country?
A. Praising your own country‟s sports. B. Criticizing your own country‟s sports. C. Praising the sports of your colleagues‟ country. D. Criticizing the sports of your colleagues‟ country.
【答案与解析】非正式谈话是任何商业联系中的一个重要组成部分，不过谈话时，可别无所顾忌，一定要适可而止。
1. B。语义理解题。从最后一段第1句话As general rule, it‟s best not to talk about politics or religion(宗教) with your business friends 可以明显看出答案为什么选B。
2. A。细节题。命题依据是最后一段第4句话Sports is typically a friendly subject in most parts of the world。
3. B。判断题。从第2段第3句话…because they feel that doing so might take away from the harmonious(和谐的) business relationship they‟re trying to build可以推知。
4. D。语义理解题。根据最后一段第4句话中的…although be careful not to criticize a national sport 可知答案为D。
(8)
To face the music
Like every language, American English is full of special expressions, phrases that come from the day-to-day life of the people and develop in their own way. Our expression today is “to face the music”.
When someone says, “well, I guess I‟ll have to face the music,” it does not mean he‟s planning to go to the concert. It is something far less pleasant, like being called in by your boss to explain why you did this and did that, and why you didn‟t do this or that. Sour music indeed, but it has to be faced. At sometime or another, every one of us has had to face the music, especially as children. We can all remember father‟s angry voice, “I want to talk to you.” and only because we did not obey him. What an unpleasant business it was!
The phrase “to face the music” is familiar to every American, young and old. It is at least 100 years old. And where did this expression come from? The first explanation comes from the American novelist, James Fenimore Looper. He said, in 1851, that the expression was first used by actors while waiting in the wings to go
60
on the stage. When they got their cue to go on, they often said, “Well, it‟s time to face the music.” And that was exactly what they did — facing the orchestra which was just below them. And an actor might be frightened or nervous as he moved on to the stage in front of an audience that might be friendly or perhaps hostile, especially if he forgot his lines. But he had to go out. If he did not, there would be no play. So the expression “to face the music” come to mean “having to go through something, no matter how unpleasant the experience might be, because you knew you had no choice.”
Other explanations about the expression go back to the army. When the men faced an inspection by their leader, the soldiers would be worried about how well they looked. Was their equipment clean, shinny enough to pass the inspection? Still the men had to go out and face the music of the band as well as the inspection. What else could they do?
Another army explanation is more closely related to the idea of facing the results and accepting the responsibility for something that should not have been done. As, for example when a man is forced out of the army because he did something terrible, he is dishonored. The band does not play. Only the drums tap a sad, slow beat. The soldier is forced to leave, facing such music as it is and facing the back of his horse.
1. How many ways does the phrase “to face the music” comes from? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 2. What‟s the meaning of “to face the music?” A. To face something far less pleasant. B. To face the stage.
C. To face the back of one‟s horse. D. To face one‟s leader.
3. Which of the following is a situation of facing the music? A. When we are playing basketball. B. When we are making a speech. C. When we are having a party. D. When we are talking with somebody. 4. The underlined word “hostile” means _______. A. unfriendly (1—4 CABA)
【答案与解析】本文说明了美国习语to face the music的来历和意义。 1. C。细节题。根据文章第三、四、五段的解释，可推知此题答案为C。 2. A。细节题。根据文章第2段第2句It is something far less pleasant可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第3段的解释：演讲与演出一样，都要面对观众，可推知此题答案为B。
4. A。词义猜测题。根据单词所在的语境：friendly or perhaps hostile, especially if he forgot his lines说明hostile与friendly意义相反，从而可推知此题答案为A。
61
B. dislike C. unkind D. unnecessary
(9)
There are several ways you can find out about the countries and places you wish to visit. You can talk to friends who have travelled to the places. Or you can go and see a colour film. Or you can read travel books.
It would seem that there are three kinds of travel books. The first are those that give a personal, subjective(主观的) account of travels which the author has actually made himself. if they are informative and have a good index(索引), then they can be useful to you when you are planning your travels. The second kind are those books whose purpose is to give a purely objective(客观的) description of things to be done and seen. If a well-read, cultured person has written such a book, then it is even more useful. It can be sorted as a selected guide book. The third kind are those books which are called “a guide” to some place or other. If they are good, they will, in addition to their factual information, give an analysis or an explanation. Like the first kind they can be inspiring and interesting. But their basic purpose is to help the reader who wishes to plan in the most practical way.
Whatever kind of travel book you choose you must make sure that it does not describe everything as “wonderful”, “excellent” or “magical”. You must also note its date of publication because travel is a very practical affair and many things change quickly in the twenty-first century. Finally, you should make sure that the contents are well presented and easy to find.
1. This passage is about _______. A. how to travel
B. how to buy travel books D. travel books
C. how to read a travel book _______.
A. the book written by some people who have had the same travel experience themselves
B. the book which tells you what is worth doing and seeing based on the facts C. the book in which a lot of big adjectives are used to draw your attention D. the book which offers you a lot of useful information like a tour guide 3. The date of the publication must be noticed because _______. A. the world is changing and so are the places you are going to visit B. the price of the book is always changing C. the author of the book may be different D. the contents of the book are always the same 【答案解析】本篇分别介绍了3种类型的旅游书。
1. D。主旨题。根据主题句It would seem that there are three kinds of travel books可知，D为最佳答案。
2. C。推断题。根据 …you must make sure that it does not describe everything as “wonderful”, “excellent” or “magical” 可知那些夸夸其谈的书不宜选用。 3. A。细节题。根据 …many things change quickly in the twenty-first century 可推知此题答案为A。
62
2. The following travel books may be of use when you plan your travels except
(10)
Lucky is the man who has no “skeleton in his closet”. When a man has done something in his life that he is ashamed of, that he wants to hide, he is said to have a “skeleton in his closet”. Some people may have more than one skeleton. As we have noted many times, it is hard to find out how these expressions begin. Sometimes, we get some hard facts. But more often we have to depend on guesswork. And that is true of this phrase, which came from England.
Before 1932, English law did not permit a doctor to cut open a dead human body for scientific examination, unless it was the corpse(尸体) of an executed(处决) criminal.
But when it became legal, more and more doctors demanded skeletons for a more scientific study of medicine. It was helping in the advance of modern medicine. The demand had become so strong that men began to rob tombs and sell skeletons to doctors at high prices.
We are told that a doctor would usually buy just one skeleton for scientific study. It became very important in his work. But he had to keep it hidden because most people objected to keeping such a thing. As a rule, the doctor would keep his skeleton in some dark corner where it could not be seen, or hide it in a closet. After a time, people began to suspect(怀疑) every doctor of hiding a skeleton in the closet. From this suspicion, the phrase “a skeleton in the closet” took on a broader, more general meaning to describe anything that a man wanted to keep others from discovering. It could be proof of a criminal act, or something much less serious. Well, that is one theory.
One writer, however, believes that the phrase might have come from something that really happened. It is his guess that a hidden closet in some old English country home may have turned up a real skeleton, clear proof of some old family shame or crime. Well, one man‟s guess is as good as another. But this sounds like a story by the great French novelist, Balzac.
Baizac tells us of a man who suspected his wife of having a lover. The husband comes home by surprise. But she hears him and quickly hides her lover in the closet of her bedroom. He enters her room and asks her if she is hiding her lover. He says he will not open the door to the closet if she promises him there is no one there; He will believe her. She answers firmly that she is not hiding anyone in the closet. The husband then begins to build a solid brick wall against the closet. His wife watches, knowing that her lover will never come out alive. But she will not change her story and admit her guilt.
1. Which of the following situations is suitable for using the phrase “skeleton in the closet” ?
A. You have stolen something precious and don‟t want it discovered. B. You are a doctor and have to keep a skeleton for research.
C. If you have cut open a dead human body for scientific examination you should keep the skeleton secret.
63
D. You have done a crime or done something foolish, but you want to keep other from discovering it.
2. From the text we know that there are _______ theories about how the phrase “skeleton in the closet” came into being. A. one
B. two
C. three D. four
3. In Chinese the world “skeleton” means _______.
A. 尸体 B. 标本 C. 收藏 D. 骷髅
4. Which of the following is right according to the text?
A. In the 20th century, doctors realized the importance of anatomy(解剖) in the development of medicine.
B. The doctors of the ancient times liked to collect as many skeleton as possible.
C. The thieves stole skeletons from tombs in order to help the doctors. D. It was legal that corpses of anybody were cut open for scientific examination in history.
5. From the story Balzac told we know that the wife‟s lover must have become _______.
A. a corpse B. a phrase C. a skeleton D. a secret 【答案解析】本文列举两个故事诠释 “skeleton in the closet” 之义。 1. D。推断题。根据 When a man has done something in his life that he is ashamed of, that he wants to hide, he is said to have a “skeleton in his closet” 可知 “skeleton in the closet” 的意思是一个人想隐藏自己感到羞愧的事，由此可推知犯了罪或做了傻事而又不想让别人知道的符合 “skeleton in the closet”，故选 D。
2. B。细节题。阅读全文得知本文用了两个故事来解释这个短语，一是英国医生用死尸来进行医学研究；二是法国作家 Balzac 讲述的是丈夫将妻子的情人封死在墙里，由此可知B为正确答案。
3. D。词义猜测题。从该词的源处得知它与死尸有关，再从倒数第三段 It is his guess that a hidden closet in some old English country home may have turned up a real skeleton可推测其义为 D。
4. A。细节题。根据全文可知B、C、D是错误的，再从 It became very important in his work可知 A 为正确答案。
5. C。推断题。根据最后一段The husband then begins to build a solid brick wall against the closet. His wife watches, knowing that her lover will never… 得知她的情人将死在墙里，自然成为骷髅了。故选C。
六、教育类
(1)
Doreen Sykora is now a junior at McGill University. She had a difficult time when she first began college. She said, “I was always well prepared for my examinations. But when I go into class to take the exam, I would fall apart. I could
64
just blank out because of nervousness and fear.” Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology(人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is stressed(加压力于) about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the severe tension and nervousness.
Now there are special university courses to help students. In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety. Such a course helps students learn to live with stress and not fail because of it. First students take a practice test to measure their worry level. If the tests show that their stress level is high, the students can take a short course to manage the fear. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. They get training to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work more easily. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
Doreen Sykora saw immediate results after taking such a course. She now has enthusiasm about the relaxation methods. “Mostly, what I do is imagine myself in a very calm place. Then I imagine myself picking up a pencil. I move slowly and carefully. I breathe easily and let all the tension out. With each breath, more worry leaves me. It really works too. My grades have improved greatly! I‟m really doing well at McGill now. This relaxation method works not only on examinations, but it has improved the rest of my life as well.”
For Hitoshi in Tokyo, the results were much the same. He is enjoying school a lot more and learning more.
1. What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto? A. They are students from the same university. B. They failed in all the examinations. C. They both had experiences of test anxiety. D. They both had the same poor studying habits.
2. The phrase “blank out” in Paragraph 1 refers to “_______.” A. lose interest in the exam B. refuse to take the exam C. get an extra paper
D. be unable to think clearly
3. What‟s the purpose of some special university student-help courses? A. To help students to reduce test anxiety. B. To show a stress level experienced by students. C. To learn more knowledge about test anxiety. D. To have a better understanding of test anxiety.
【答案与解析】有些大学生患有考试焦虑症，不过现在好了，这些大学开设了特殊的课程来帮助他们缓解这种考试焦虑症。
1. C。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology (人类学) student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences 可以明显看出 Doreen Sykora 和 Hitoshi Sakamoto 都患有考试焦虑症。
65
2. D。词义猜测题。Doreen Sykora 因考试时过度紧张和害怕，那当然是思维不清晰。
3. A。语义理解题。从文章第 3 段第 2 句话 In these courses, advisors and psychologists try to help students by teaching them to manage test anxiety 可以看出大学开设这门特殊课程的目的。
(2)
The average person learns most of the 30 000～40 000 words whose meanings he or she recognizes by hearing them or getting familiar with them in the context or simply absorbing them without conscious(意识到的) effort. The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks. There are relatively few words that we learn permanently(永久的)by purposefully referring to dictionaries or keeping word lists. However, even those extra few are of value, and no one will make a mistake by working on developing a larger vocabulary. Here are some suggestions of how to do it.
Read plenty of good books. When you come across a new word, or a new meaning of an old word, stop and see if you can understand it from its context. If you can't, and if you can manage without interrupting the thought of the book too much, look it up in a dictionary or ask somebody and then repeat its meaning to yourself a couple of times. If you are really conscientious(认真的), write the word and its meaning in a personal vocabulary list — preferably using it in a sentence, or you can keep a special vocabulary notebook. Go over the list from time to time. Further, try to use a new word in writing or conversation a few times over the next several days.
Listen to good talks and be alert to new words you hear or to new meanings of words you already know. Then treat them just as you treat the new words you read.
Learn and be alert to the parts of words: prefixes, suffixes and roots. Knowing them enables you to make intelligent guesses about the meaning of words.
If you are studying a foreign language, be alert to words in that language which relate to words in English. English has inherited(继承) or borrowed much of its vocabulary of 500 000～600 000 words from Latin, Greek, French, Spanish and German.
1. When you meet a new word in reading, what should you do? A. Guess its meaning.
B. Ask somebody. D. All of the above.
C. Look it up in a dictionary. _______.
A. to remember a lot
B. to read a great deal D. both B and C
C. to take part in a lot of good talks “_______”.
A. look at C. write down
2. According to this passage, the best way to build a good vocabulary is
3. The phrase “be alert to” in the third paragraph may best be replaced by
66
B. pay attention to D. learn by heart
4. In the fourth paragraph, the word “them” refers to _______. A. the parts of words C. suffixes
B. prefixes D. roots
【答案与解析】怎样扩大词汇？捷径是：多读、多说、多听、多写。 1. D。细节题。从第 2 段第2、3句话可知答案为 D。
2. D。细节题。只要看到第 1 段第 2 句话The best way to build a good vocabulary, therefore, is to read a great deal and to participate in a lot of good talks 可知答案为 D。
3. B。词义猜测题。此处讲的是在“听”英语时如何对待生词的问题，根据我们“听”的经验选项A、C、D 显然可排除。
4. A。词义猜测题。B、C、D三项都是属于the parts of words。
(3)
Answer the following questions by using the information taken from a dictionary page. (You may read the questions first.)
jaguar: n. a type of large, yellow-colored cat with black markings found in the southwestern region of the U. S. and in Central and South America.
jargon: 1. n. speech that doesn‟t make sense. 2. n. an unknown language that seems strange or impossible to understand. 3. n. a language made up of two or more other languages: His jargon was a mixture of French and English. 4. n. the special vocabulary of a field or profession: Her report on computers was filled with jargon.
jaunt: 1. n. a trip taken for fun. 2. v. to go on a brief pleasant trip: We jaunted to the country last Saturday.
javelin: 1. n. a spear most commonly used as weapon or in hunting. 2. n. a lightweight metal or wooden spear that is thrown in track-and-field contests. 3. n. the contest in which a javelin is thrown. 4. v. to strike, as with a javelin.
jazz: 1. n. a type of music that originated in New Orleans and is characterized by rhythmic beats. 2. n. popular dance music influenced by jazz. 3. n. slang empty talk. 4. ad. of or like jazz: a jazz band, jazz records.
Jennet: n. a small Spanish horse.
1. Which meaning of the word javelin is used in the sentence below? At the competition, Jack drew his arm back and threw the javelin 50 yards. A. Definition 1 C. Definition 3
B. Definition 2 D. Definition 4
2. Which meaning of the word jargon is used in the sentence below? Doctors often speak in medical jargon. A. Definition 1 C. Definition 3
B. Definition 2 D. Definition 4
3. What does the word jazz mean in the following sentence? Don’t give me that jazz, for I am a practical person. A. rhythmic beats
B. a type of music D. meaningless talk
C. a kind of dance
【答案与解析】本题主要考查学生读书查字典的能力。
67
1.B。推断题。根据句子的描述：在竞赛之中，先将手缩回，后将javelin掷出50码。说明javelin是一种体育器材，从而可推知此题答案为B。
2.D。推断题。根据语境：Doctors speak medical jargon.(医生说医学语言)。从而可推知此题答案为D。
3.D。推断题。根据 Don‟t give me that jazz后面的for I am a practical person 可推知答案为D。
(4)
So long as teachers fail to distinguish (differ) between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.
Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to plan cleverly the most efficient(有效的) system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also a public activity: It can be seen and observed.
Learning to read involves all that each individual does to understand the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.
If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the long search for knowledge? Smith has one principle rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”
When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them properly, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is got rid of. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the chance to solve the problem of learning to read by learning.
1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that_______.
A. too much time is spent in teaching about reading B. reading tasks are given with little guidance C. it is one of the most difficult school courses D. students spend limited hours in reading
2. The teaching of reading will be successful if _______. A. teachers can make their teaching activities observable B. teachers can teach their students how to read
C. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students D. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading
68
3. The word “scrutiny” (Paragraph 3) most probably means “_______”. A. unbelief
B. control
C. inquiry
D. observation
4. The main idea of the passage is that_______. A. reading is more complicated than believable B. reading ability is something gained rather than taught
C. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible D. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read 【答案与解析】本文从教与学的关系出发，提出了对孩子们的阅读教学方法的看法。
1.A。推断题。根据文章第1段倒数第2句：在阅读活动方面并不是时间无休止的投入，也就是说：在阅读上花费的时间太多了。由此可推知此题答案为A。
2.D。细节题。通读 Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny 可知，private 与 not open to public scrutiny 同义，据此可推知答案为D。
3.D。词义猜测题。根据上文private 及单词所在的语句not open to public scrutiny可知：它们同义，由此可推知此题答案为D。
4.B。主旨题。根据文章第1段第2句及全文内容可推知此题答案为B。
(5)
Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.
In some modem countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that by free education for all — one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in such countries a far larger number of people with university degree; they refuse to do what they think “low” work; and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries. But we have only to think a moment to understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor; we can live without education, but we die if we have no food. If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns…
In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit us for life, it means that we must be educated in such a way that, firstly, each of us can do whatever work suited to his brains and ability and, secondly, that we can realize that all jobs are necessary to society, and that is very bad to be ashamed of one‟s work. Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society.
1. The writer of the passage thinks that _______. A. education can settle most of the world‟s problems B. free education for all probably leads to a perfect world C. free education won‟t help to solve problems D. all the social problems can‟t be solved by education
69
2. The writer wants to prove that _______. A. our society needs all kinds of jobs B. our society needs free education for all C. a farmer is more important than a professor D. work with hands is the most important 3. The purpose of education is _______. A. to choose officials for the country
B. to prepare children mainly for their future work C. to let everyone receive education fit for him D. to build a perfect world
4. The passage tells us about _______ of the education. A. the means
B. the system
C. the value
D. the type
【答案与解析】本文论述了我们的教育目的就是要使孩子适应社会生活。 1. D。判断题。根据文章第2段第2句free education for all is not enough可推知此题答案为D。
2. A。观点判断题。根据文章最后一段第2点that all jobs are necessary to society可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。细节题。根据第1段最后一句Our purpose is to fit them for life可推知此题答案为B。
4. C。主旨题。根据全文的内容，特别是根据文章的最后一句Only such a type of education can be considered valuable to society可推知此题答案为C。
(6)
Children start out as natural scientists, eager to look into the world around them. Helping them enjoy science can be easy; there‟s no need for a lot of scientific terms or expensive lab equipment. You only have to share your children‟s curiosity(好奇). Firstly, listen to their questions. I once visited a classroom of seven-year-olds to talk about science as a job. The children asked me “textbook questions” about schooling, salary(薪水) and whether I liked my job. When I finished answering, we sat facing one another in silence. Finally I said, “Now that we‟re finished with your lists, do you have questions of your own about science?”
After a long pause, a boy raised his hand, “Have you ever seen a grasshopper(蚱蜢) eat? When I try eating leaves like that, I get a stomachache. Why?”
This began a set of questions that lasted nearly two hours.
Secondly, give them time to think. Studies over the past 30 years have shown that, after asking a question, adults typically wait only one second or less for an answer, no time for a child to think. When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical(符合逻辑的), complete and creative answers.
Thirdly, watch your language. Once you have a child involved in a science discussion, don‟t jump in with “That‟s right” or “Very good”. These words work well when it comes to encouraging good behavior(行为). But in talking about
70
science, quick praise can signal that discussion is over. Instead, keep things going by saying “That‟s interesting” or “I‟d never thought of it that way before”, or coming up with more questions or ideas.
Never push a child to “Think”. It doesn‟t make sense, children are always thinking, without your telling them to. What‟s more, this can turn a conversation into a performance. The child will try to find the answer you want, in as few words as possible, so that he will be a smaller target(目标) for your disagreement.
Lastly, show; don‟t tell. Real-life impressions of nature are far more impressive than any lesson children can learn from a book or a television program. Let children look at their fingertips through a magnifying glass(放大镜), and they‟ll understand why you want them to wash before dinner. Rather than saying that water evaporates(蒸发), set a pot of water to boil and let them watch the water level drop.
1. According to the passage, children are natural scientists, and to raise their interest, the most important thing for adults to do is _______.
A. to let them see the world around B. to share the children‟s curiosity C. to explain difficult phrases about science D. to supply the children with lab equipment
2. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the word “lists” could best be replaced by ______.
A. any questions
B. any problems
D. any number of questions
C. questions from textbooks
3. According to the passage, children can answer questions in a more logical, complete and creative way if adults ________.
A. ask them to answer quickly
B. wait for one or two seconds after a question C. tell them to answer the next day
D. wait at least for three seconds after a question
4. In which of the following paragraph(s) does the author tell us what to say to encourage children in a science discussion?
A. The second and third. B. The fourth and fifth. C. The fifth and sixth. D. The seventh.
5. The author mentions all of the following techniques for adults to share with their children‟s curiosity except that adults should ________.
A. tell their children stories instead of reciting(背诵) facts B. offer their children chances to see things for themselves C. be patient enough when their children answer questions D. encourage their children to ask questions of their own (1—5 BCDCA)
【答案与解析】本文说明了如何激发孩子们对科学的兴趣，从而引导孩子们学习科学。
71
1. B。细节题。根据文章第1段第3句中的…share your children‟s curiosity可推知此题的答案为B。
2. C。推断题。根据文章第1段第6句The children asked me “textbook questions”可推知此题的答案为C。
3. D。推断题。根据文章第4段最后一句When adults increase their “wait time” to three seconds or more, children give more logical, complete and creative answers 可推知此题的答案为D。
4. C。归纳题。根据问题的内容可在文章的第五、六段找到答案。 5. A。推断题。根据文章内容：从第4段排除C；从文章前3段的内容排除D；从第7段排除B。从而可推知答案为A。
(7)
“Sesame Street” has been called “the longest street in the world”. That is because the television program by that name can now be seen in so many parts of the world. That program became one of American‟s exports soon after it went on the air in New York in 1969.
In the United States more than six million children watch the program regularly. The viewers include more than half the nation‟s pre-school children, from every kind of economic(经济的), racial(种族的), and geographical group.
Although some educators object to certain elements in the program, parents praise it highly. Many teachers also consider it a great help, though some teachers find that problems arise when first graders who have learned from “Sesame Street” are in the same class with children who have not watched the program.
Tests have shown that children from all racial, geographical, and economic backgrounds have benefited from watching it. Those who watch it five times a week learn more than occasional(偶然的) viewers. In the US the program is shown at different hours during the week in order to increase the number of children who can watch it regularly.
The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships. But there are some differences. For example, the Spanish program, produced in Mexico City, devotes more time to teaching whole words than to teaching separate letters.
Why has “Sesame Street” been so much more successful than other children‟s shows? Many reasons have been suggested. People mention the educational theories(理论) of its creators, the support by the government and private(私人的) businesses, and the skillful use of a variety of TV tricks. Perhaps an equally important reason is that mothers watch it along with their children. This is partly because famous adult stars often appear on it. But the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn. The child finds himself learning, and he wants to learn more.
1. “Sesame Street” is actually _______. A. a street in the US
B. a program for children D. a program for students
72
C. a program for teachers
2. Children who often watch the program _______. A. can have problems in school B. will find it a great help
C. will take no interest in their studies D. will be well educated
3. What is special about the program? A. It offers great fun.
B. It makes children feel able to learn.
C. It is shown at different hours during the week. D. Children learn and enjoy themselves while watching. 4. Why is “Sesame Street” so popular in the world?
A. Because it is supported by the government and businesses. B. Because it uses a variety of skillful tricks. C. Because mothers watch it along with their children. D. Because it makes every child watching it feel able to learn. 5. The best title for this passage can be _______. A. TV Programs C. Sesame Street 成功的原因。
1. B。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句more than six million children watch the program regularly可推知此题答案为B。
2. B。推断题。根据文章第4段第1句Tests have shown that children…have benefited from watching it 可推知此题答案为B。
3. D。推断题。根据文章第5段第1句The programs all use songs, stories, jokes, and pictures to give children a basic understanding of numbers, letters and human relationships可推知此题答案为B。
4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第2句the best reason for the success of the program may be that it makes every child watching feel able to learn 可推知此题答案为D。
5. C。主旨题。本文主要介绍电视节目Sesame Street 所产生的影响及它成功的原因，所以选C。
(8)
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the children. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort
73
B. Educating Children D. A Great Success
【答案与解析】本文介绍了电视节目Sesame Street所产生的社会影响及它
themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can‟t be said to show the baby‟s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation(模仿) leads on to deliberate(有意的) imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.
It is a problem we need to get our teeth into. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation; and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use, at seven months, of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaning-less sound simply because he also uses it at another time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself. I doubt, however, whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
1. Before children start speaking _______. A. they need equal amount of listening B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obey spoken instructions D. they can‟t understand and obey the adult‟s oral instructions 2. Children who start speaking late _______. A. may have problems with their listening
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them C. usually pay close attention to what they hear D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly 3. A baby‟s first noises are _______. A. an expression of his moods and feelings B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something D. an imitation of the speech of adults
4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby‟ imitations can be considered as speech _______.
A. is important because words have different meanings for different people B. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually C. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
D. is one that should be completely ignored(忽略) because children‟s use of words is of-ten meaningless
5. The speaker implies _______.
A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds B. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
74
C. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly D. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating 【答案解析】本文探讨了小孩从模仿发音到语言形成的几个发展阶段。 1. B。细节题。根据第1段 Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking 可知此题答案为 B。
2. D。细节题。根据第 1 段中的 …later starters are often long listeners 可知答案选 D。
3. A。细节题。根据第 2 段 …the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on可知正确答案为 A。
4. C。细节题。根据第3段 …and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the word 可知 C 为正确答案。
5. D。推断题。根据第3段 …Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself可推知此题答案为D。
七、历史类
(1)
Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman‟s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(独特的) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she didn‟t need in order to travel lighter?
Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather.
The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century.
1. The ordinary woman‟s leather shoe is considered unusual because _______.
75
A. it was an important clue to life in the past B. it was found on a famous trail C. it at one time belonged to a VIP time
2. According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska _______. A. eventually became millionaires C. had conflicts with the Eskimos them so that _______.
A. they would not die of hunger and cold
B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos D. the supplies would make Alaska rich
4. No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, _______. A. she must have lived a happy life B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired D. her other shoes were equally fashionable
【答案与解析】本文由在Alaska州博物馆所陈列的一只旧鞋而引出的对当时情况的介绍及表达了对这只鞋的主人敬佩之情。
1. B。细节题。根据第1段中的 But what is unique about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail…可推知此题答案为B。
2. D。细节题。根据第2段最后一句Unprepared for such a dangerous journey可推知此题答案为D。
3. A。推断题。根据第2段最后一句及第3段第1句可推知此题答案为A。 4. C。细节题。根据文章最后一句可推知此题答案为C。
B. brought with them many shoes D. were not properly equipped D. it was a fashionable shoe at that
3. The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one year‟s supplies with
八、地理类
(1)
Death Valley is one of the most famous deserts in the United States, covering a wide area with its alkali sand. Almost 20 percent of this area is well below sea level, and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States.
Long ago the Panamint Indians called this place “Tomesha”— the land of fire. Death Valley‟s present name dates back to 1849, when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story. Today Death Valley has been declared a National Monument(纪念碑) and is crossed by several well-marked roads where good services can be found easily. Luckily the change created by human settlement has hardly ruined the special beauty of this place.
Here nature created a lot of surprising, almost like the sights on the moon,
76
ever-changing as the frequent wind moves the sand about, showing the most unusual colors. One of the most astonishing and variable parts of Death Valley is the Devil‟ s Golf Course, where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams. Sand sculptures(沙雕) stand on a frightening ground, as evening shadows move and lengthen.
1. _______ is the lowest place in the desert. A. Tomesha C. Nevada
B. Death Valley D. Badwater
B. the death of the miners D. a National Movement
2. The name of the valley comes from _______. A. an Indian name C. the local people
3. From the passage we can learn that _______. A. no one had ever known the desert before the miners B. it‟s still not easy to travel across the desert
C. people can find gas-stations, cafes and hotels in the desert D. people have changed the natural sight of the desert 4. Devil Golf Course is famous for _______. A. the frequent wind C. dream-like sights A. appreciates C. dislikes
B. the colors of the sand D. the sand sculptures B. is fearful of D. is tired of
5. From the passage we can see that the writer _______ the Death Valley.
【答案解析】本文介绍了美国的一个著名沙漠——“死亡谷”名称的由来以及 “死亡谷”奇特的风光。
1. D。细节题。根据 …and Badwater, a salt water pool, is about 280 feet below sea level and the lowest point in the United States 可推知此题答案为 D。
2. B。推断题。根据 …when a group of miners coming across from Nevada became lost in its unpleasantness and hugeness and their adventure turned out to be a sad story… 可知“死亡谷”的名称来源于这些迷路矿工的死亡。
3. C。推断题。根据 …well-marked roads where good services can be found easily… 可以判断 C 为最佳答案。
4. C。细节题。根据 …where it seems hard for one to tell reality from terrible dreams 可推知答案为 C。
5. A。推断题。根据the special beauty of this place…like the sights on the moon… ever-changing…showing the most unusual colors等关键词语可以知道作者是带着赞赏的语气来描述“死亡谷”的。
(2)
The Erie Canal was the first important national waterway built in the US. It crossed New York from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River. It joined the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. The canal served as a route over which industrial goods could flow into the west, and materials could pour into the east. The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation‟s largest city.
77
The building of the canal was paid for entirely by the state of New York. It cost $ 7 143 789, but it soon gained its price many times over. Between 1825, when the canal was opened, and 1882, when toll charges(过运河费) were stopped, the state collected $121 461 891.
For a hundred years before the Erie was built, people had been talking about a canal which could join the Great Lakes and the Atlantic Ocean. The man who planned the Erie Canal and carried the plan through was De Witt Clinton. Those who were against the canal laughingly called it “Clinton‟s Ditch(沟)”. Clinton talked and wrote about the canal and drew up plans for it. He and Governor Morris went to Washington in 1812 to ask for help for the canal, but they were unsuccessful.
Clinton became governor of New York in 1817, and shortly afterwards, on July 4, 1817, broke ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. The first part of the canal was completed in 1820. As the canal grew, towns along its course developed fast. The length of the canal is 363 miles.
1. We can see that the Erie Canal ________. A. joined the Great Lakes together B. crossed New York from north to south
C. played an important part in developing New York City D. was the first waterway built in the US
2. It can be inferred that ________ into the Atlantic Ocean.
A. the Great Lakes flow B. the Hudson River flows C. Lake Erie flows D. the Erie Canal flows 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The Erie Canal brought profits of over $114, 000, 000. B. It‟s 363 miles from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean.
C. The West was more advanced than the East when the canal was built. D. Many other states helped New York built the canal. 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Clinton broke ground for the canal at both ends.
B. Clinton started building the canal before he became governor. C. All parts of the canal were completed at the same time. D. Construction of the canal took eight years. (1—4 CBAD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了Erie Canal的作用及修建过程。
1. C。细节题。根据文章第1段最后一句The Erie Canal helped New York develop into the nation‟s largest city 及全段内容，可推知此题答案为C。
2. B。推断题。根据文章第1段第2句和第3句：运河from Buffalo on Lake Erie Troy to Albany on the Hudson River 横跨了New York 把the Great Lakes和the Atlantic Ocean联系起来了可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。推断题。通过比较文章第2段第2句 It cost $ 7, 143, 789 和第2段最后一句中的…the state collected $121, 461, 891可推知此题答案为A。
4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段第1句中的…on July 4, 1817, broke
78
ground for the canal in Rome, N.Y. 和第2段第2句中的 Between 1825, when the canal was opened… 可推知此题答案为D。
九、自然类
(1)
The blue tits(山雀) have been inspecting the nest-box again this year. The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice. He lands at the hole and turns his head to expose his white cheeks as a signal to attract the female from where she has been feeding.
Among many birds that nest in holes, the male has a light-coloured patch on its plumage(鸟羽) which acts as signal for drawing the female‟s attention to a suitable nesting-place. Unlike the blue tit, the redstart(红尾鸲) may be only the male that strikingly coloured and the female is not beautiful.
A few years ago I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts in action in a Walsh wood. The male was leading an interested female to holes that he had previously(先前) checked out. He sat at the entrance of each hole and put his head on to show off his white forehead, or his head in to reveal(显露) his tail.
If the female failed to react to his visual signals, the male sometimes sang for extra effect, while gliding towards her on spread wings and tail. Once the female accepts by following the male through the hole the displays stop, you must be at the right place at the right time to watch them.
1. How do the blue tits choose their nest? A. They choose their nest together. B. The male chooses their nest. C. The house-hunter chooses their nest. D. The female chooses their nest. 2. The writer was lucky to see ________. A. how the male made his tricks
B. how an interested female played with the male happily C. what the male displayed and won the female
D. that the male tried his best but failed to attract the female 3. You can spot a pair of redstarts in a Walsh wood ________. A. at any time A. a bird expert
B. regularly C. in April D. occasionally
B. a bird-hunter D. a scientist
4. The writer is probably ________. C. a bird raiser the female入巢的。
1. D。细节题。从第1段第2句话The male is the house-hunter but the female will make the final choice 可以做出正确选择。
2. C。判断题。从第3段第1句I was lucky enough to spot a pair of redstarts
79
【答案与解析】本文主要是讲the male redstart 是怎样使出浑身解数吸引
in action in a Walsh wood 和文章第三、四段的内容可知答案为C。
3. D。语义理解题。根据 A few years ago I was lucky enough to…和…you must be at the right place at the right time to see them 可知答案为D。
4. A。推断题。从文章内容来看，文中不仅提到了鸟的一些习性，而且对雄鸟如何吸引雌鸟入巢了解得很清楚，可见作者可能是一位研究鸟类的专家。
(2)
Although man has known asbestos for many hundreds of years, it was not until 160 years ago that it was mined for the first time on the North American continent. H. W. Johns, owner of a New York City Supply Shop for roofers, was responsible for(对„负责) the opening of that first mine.
Mr. Johns was given a piece of asbestos which had been found in Italy. He experimented with the material and then showed its surprising powers to his customers. After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, which looked much like ordinary work gloves, he took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands. How astonished the customers were to discover that he was not burned at all. You can well imagine that he had increasing business in asbestos roofing materials. However, because it was very expensive to transport (carry) them from Italy to the United States, Mr. Johns sent out a young scientist to seek a source nearer home. This young man found great vein(岩脉), in the province of Quebec in Canada.
Ever since 1881 Quebec has led the world in the production of this unusual mineral, which is made up of magnesium, silicon, iron, and oxygen. When it is mined, the asbestos is heavy, just as you would expect a mineral to be. When it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres(纤维).
Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into threads(线), but they have found thousands of uses of this fireproof material, of the so-called “cloth of stone”.
1. Which title best expresses the main idea of this passage? A. Asbestos mined in Canada C. A “wonder” mineral
B. Fireproof matter D. A new roofing material
2. Johns proved his ability as a salesman by_______. A. going into roofing business B. carrying asbestos from Italy C. sending a trained scientist show us?
A. It is like thread. C. It burns easily.
B. It feels soapy. D. It is unusually heavy.
D. showing the use of asbestos gloves
3. Which is the most important character of asbestos that the author wants to
4. The author‟s main purpose in writing this passage was to _______. A. show the need for more scientists B. compare asbestos with other minerals C. increase the sales of asbestos
80
D. present facts about asbestos
【答案解析】本文讲述了耐火材料石棉在北美的开采过程及它的神奇耐火作用。
1. C。主旨题。短文主要介绍了石棉的神奇作用。故C最佳。
2. D。细节题。根据 After putting on a pair of asbestos gloves, …took red-hot coals from the fireplace and played with them in his hands 可推知，他是用当场演示的方法来推销他的产品的。故答案为D。
3. A。推断题。根据When it is separated, a strange thing happens; the rock breaks down into fine, soft, soapy fibres(纤维)及 Scientists do not know why the rock can be separated easily into thread 可以断定答案为A。
4. D。推断题。从短文中可以看出来作者写这篇文章只不过陈述事实而已。
十、习俗类
(1)
CARDIFF, Wales Poets, singers and musicians from across the globe gathered in Wales to celebrate the tradition(传统) of storytelling.
“It might seem strange that people still want to listen in age of watching television, but this is an unusual art form whose time has come again,” said David Ambrose, director of Beyond the Border, an international storytelling festival(节) in Wales.
“Some of the tales, like those the Inuit from Canada, are thousands years old. So our storytellers have come from distant lands to connect us with the distance of time,” he said early this month.
Two Inuit women, both in their mid 60s, are among the few remaining who can do Kntadjait, or throat singing, which has few words and much sound. Their art is governed by the cold of their surroundings, forcing them to say little but listen attentively.
Ambrose started the festival in 1993, after several years of working with those reviving (coming back into use or existence) storytelling in Wales.
“It came out of a group of people who wanted to reconnect with traditions. and as all the Welsh are storytellers, it was in good hands here.” Ambrose said.
1. Ambrose believes that the art of storytelling _______. A. will be more popular than TV B. will be popular again C. started in Wales
D. are in the hands of some old people
2. From the tales told by the Inuit, people can learn _______. A. about their life as early as thousands of years ago B. why they tell the stories in a throat-singing way C. how cold it has been where the Inuit live D. how difficult it is to understand the Inuit
81
3. According to the writer, which of the following is NOT true? A. Storytelling once stopped in Wales. B. Storytelling has a long history in Wales. C. Storytelling is always well received in Wales. D. Storytelling did not come back until 1993 in Wales. 4. The underlined phrase in good hands means _______. A. controlled by rich people C. taken good care of
B. grasped by good storytellers D. protected by kind people
【答案解析】短文介绍了威尔斯故事节的有关情况。
1. B。推断题。根据 …but this is an unusual art form whose time has come again 可以推断这种讲故事的传统会再度受到欢迎。
2. A。细节题。根据 Some of the tales, like those the Inuit from Canada, are thousands years old 可推知此题答案为 A。
3. D。细节题。文中说Ambrose started the festival in 1993，Ambrose1993年创办了这个节，但并不等于说讲故事的传统1993年才恢复的，这是两码事。故选D。
4. C。词义猜测题。从 as all the Welsh are storytellers 可以推断出 in good hands 是“照顾得好或举办得好”的意思，故选 C。
(2)
I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Greek and Grass Greek. Others came too, and we made these little grey houses of logs that you see, and they are square, It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were a strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the respectful circle of the nation, and so long as the circle was unbroken, the people were getting rich. The flowering tree was the living center of the circle, and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and strong wind gave strength and continuous power. This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our brief. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs are the same as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves. Our places were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation‟s circle, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to nurse our children.
But the Wasichus (Indian word for “white people”) have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the
82
power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to be bull - grown.
1. According to the passage, the Indians _______. A. don‟t have modern instruments in their homes B. refused to move from round places
C. lived in round places, but were forced to live in square houses D. lived in round places, but then decided to move into square houses 2. Two things being compared in the passage are _______. A. the Indians‟ past and present living conditions B. the Indians‟ past and modern beliefs C. the Indians‟ old and new power D. people and nature
3. In the second paragraph “the four quarters” refers to _______. A. the four rooms of the Indian‟s house B. the four kinds of natural power C. the four seasons D. the four directions
4. According to the author, once the Indians moved into square houses, _______.
A. they had to move to other houses
B. boys took more time to grow into men C. they forgot the old way of life
D. everyone was not happy
【答案解析】本文描述了一名印第安人认为该民族被白人从圆形建筑赶到方形房子之后，以前的种种祥和就此消失了。
1. C。细节题。阅读全文可知 A、B、D 不符合原文之意，而答案 C 是本文大意的描述。
2. A。细节题。根据本文内容可知全篇作者都在把过去的祥和与现在的不如人意进行对比，故选 A。
3. D。细节题。根据第 2 段and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave…the south gave…the west gave…the north with… 可知 D 为正确答案。
4. B。细节题。根据最后一段 But now it takes them very much longer to be bull-grown 可知现在男孩要长大需花费更长的时间。
(3)
When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally(非语言地), before saying anything by making gestures. According to a pioneer in nonverbal communication, only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal. When people don't know the language, the most common way to communicate is through gestures. However, many gestures have different meanings, or no meaning at all, in different parts of the world.
83
In the United States, for example, nodding your head up and down means “yes”. In some parts of Greece and Turkey, however, this motion can mean “no”. In Southeast Asia, nodding your head is a polite way of saying “I've heard you”.
In ancient Rome, when the emperor wanted to spare someone's life, he would put his thumb up. Today in the United States, when someone puts his / her thumb up, it means “Everything is all right”. However, in Sardinia and Greece, the gesture is insulting and should not be used there.
In the United States, raising your clasped hands above your head means “I‟m the champion” or “I‟m the winner”. It is the sign prizefighters make when they win a fight. When a leading Russian statesman(政治家) made this gesture after a White House meeting, Americans misunderstood and thought he meant he was a winner. In Russia, however, it is a sign of friendship.
In the United States, holding your hand up with the thumb and index finger in a circle and the other three fingers spread out means “Everything is O.K.” and is frequently used by astronauts and politicians. In France and Belgium, it can mean “You‟re worth nothing.”
There are other nonverbal signals that people should be aware of when they go to another country, such as the distance to maintain between speakers. Americans usually feel comfortable when speaking with someone if the distance between them is about eighteen inches to arm‟s length. Anything closer makes them feel uncomfortable.
When talking to Americans, it is also important to make eye contact. If you look down when talking to an American, he / she may feel that you are embarrassed, afraid, or trying to hide something.
In addition to knowing how to communicate nonverbally in a country, it is important to know what you and he cannot discuss. In the United States, there are certain topics to avoid when you first meet someone, For example, don‟t ask people their age, weight, religion, marital status(婚姻状况), how much money they earn, or how much something costs. You can talk about work, the weather, traffic problems, sports, food, news of the day, where one lives, consumer subjects (computers, car repairs, and so forth), and travel or vacation plans.
These few examples illustrate that your actions can speak louder than your words. In a particular cultural contest, what you say and what you don‟t say are equally important.
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People all over the world only communicate verbally. B. Most of our gestures have no meaning at all.
C. Some people think that 65 to 70 percent of our communication is nonverbal. D. Gestures are the most common way to common way to communicate. 2. As we can see from the passage there are ______ kinds of nonverbal communication signals.
A. four
B. five
C. six
D. seven
3. Please paraphrase the clause“…your actions can speak louder than your
84
words.
A. Your deeds are better than your words B. What you do is better than what you say C. You try to show your best manners
D. you are better understood by your gestures than through your words 4. The main idea of the passage is that when you are in another country, ______.
A. it is unimportant to know the language
B. it is important to know what you can talk about to a foreigner
C. to know how to communicate nonverbally is as important as to know the language
D. to communicate the rough gestures is more important than to know the language
【答案与解析】当我们去一个国家时，知道用该国的语言交流诚然很重要，但知道怎样通过手势语交流也同样重要。
1. B。判断题。根据 According to a pioneer in nonverbal communication, only 30 to 35 percent of our communication is verbal 可推知答案。
2. C。细节题。通读全文就会知晓，本文谈到了6种gestures。
3. D。推断题。这句话的意思是：你的行动比你的话更有效，再联想到本文谈论在国外与人进行交流时gesture 的重要性。由此可推出答案为D。
4. C。主旨题。从文章结构和内容来看，第1句话When you are in another country, it is important to know the language, but it is equally important to know how to communicate nonverbally 就是主题句。
十一、生活类
(1)
Listen carefully, working people, we would like to tell you something that could save your precious time and money! Best of all, it is free!
It‟s “no”.
What do you ask? We‟ll say it again: “No”. Sweet and simple “no”.
Say “no” at your office and see how quickly that pile of work on your desk disappears.
“Saying „no‟ to others means you are saying „yes‟ to yourself, ” said Leslie Charles, a professional speaker from East Lansing, Michigan.
“Time is precious. People are spending money buying time. And yet we are willing to give up our time because we can‟t say „no‟.”
Susie Watson, a famous writer, said people who always say “yes” need to say “no” without guilt(内疚)or fear of punishment. “I would rather have someone give me a loving „no‟ than an obligated(强制的) „yes‟, ” she said.
85
Susie Watson says she feels “no” obligation to give an explanation when she says “no” either socially or professionally. Does she feel guilty about it? “Not at all, ” said Watson, who is director of advertising and public relations at Timex Corp in Middlebury, Conneticut. “Most people are afraid of saying „no‟… My advice is to say „yes‟ only if you don‟t mean „no‟.”
Watson said “no” is the most effective weapon against wasting time. “Every year there are more demands on your time… Other people are happy to use up your time, ” Watson said. Time saving appears to be “no‟s” greatest friend.
“No” can be your new friend, a powerful tool to take back your life. “No” may even take you further in the business world than “yes”.
“No” is power and strength. “No” now seems completely correct. “Saying „no‟ isn‟t easy. But finally it‟s greatly liberating,” Charles said. But, he added, a “no” project needs to be worked on every day because it is hard to change long-term habit.
But, he also warns: “Don‟t go to extremes. Don‟t find yourself saying „no‟ to everything. In return you should learn to hear „no‟.”
1. The sentence “Saying „yes‟ to yourself” means _______. A. you can have more time to play with others
B. you needn‟t care about other‟s feeling if you are happy C. you are selfish and treat others rudely
D. you can deal with your business as you have planned 2. When you say “no” to others you should say it in a _______. A. secret way B. polite way C. proud way D. guilty way
3. In Watson‟s opinion, people can save much time on condition that _______. A. they say “no” at a suitable time B. they say “no” as much as possible C. they are afraid of saying “no” D. they make others angry at them
4. If a person says “no” to everything, the result he or she receive may be that he or she _______.
A. enjoys a wonderful life
B. makes a lot of money
C. faces difficulty in life D. forgets to say “yes” in the end
【答案与解析】本文说明了人们在生活中敢于说“不”的重要性，同时也提醒人们应注意不要走向极端。
1. D。推断题。根据Charles 所说的 Saying „no‟ to others means you are saying „yes‟ to yourself(否定他人就意味着肯定自己)可推知此题答案为D。
2. B。推断题。根据Susie Watson所说的I would rather have someone give me a loving „no‟ (我倒愿意听一声有爱意的否定)可推知此题答案为B。
3. A。推断题。对文章倒数第5段最后一句My advice is to say „yes‟ only if you don‟t mean „no‟.反过来理解：只有当你不肯定的时候说“不”，可推知此题答案为A。
4. C。推断题。从文章最后一段 Charles 所说的 Don‟t go to extremes. Don‟t
86
find yourself saying „no‟ to everything 可知，不然的话就会遇到麻烦，故此题答案为C。
(2)
My husband and children think they are very lucky that they are living and that it‟s Christmas again. They can‟t see that we live on a dirty street in a dirty house among people who aren‟t much good. But Johnny and children can‟t see this. What a pity it is that our neighbours have to make happiness out of all this dirt. I decided that my children must get out of this. The money that we‟ve saved isn‟t nearly enough.
The McGaritys have money but they are so proud. They look down upon the poor. The McGarity girl just yesterday stood out there in the street eating from a bag of candy(糖果)while a ring of hungry children watched her. I saw those children looking at her and crying in their hearts; and when she couldn‟t eat any more she threw the rest down the sewer(下水道). Why, is it only because they have money ? There is more to happiness than money in the world, isn‟t there?
Miss Jackson who teaches at the Settlement House isn‟t rich, but she knows things. She understands people. Her eyes look straight into yours when she talks with you. She can read your mind. I‟d like to see the children be like Miss Jackson when they grow up.
1. This passage mainly suggests that the writer _______. A. is easy to get along with B. is unhappy with the life they are living C. is good at observing and understanding D. is never pleased with her neigbours 2. What do you think of McGarity girl? A. She is proud and hungry. C. She is lonely and friendless.
B. She is selfish and cruel.
D. She is unhappy and misunderstood.
3. In this text, the writer tries to tell us that _______. A. money is the key to everything
B. the more money you have, the less happy you‟ll be C. there is something more important than money D. when talking to people we should look into their eyes
4. Pick out the one that does NOT describe the writer‟s view on money. A. Why, is it only because they have money? B. There is more to happiness than money. C. Miss Jackson isn‟t rich, but she knows things. D. The money we saved isn‟t nearly enough.
【答案与解析】本文记述了作者一家所生活的环境以及作者看到一些现象后产生的感想。
1. B。主旨题。文章第1段说：他家所住的房子肮脏、街道肮脏，邻居们以脏取乐，作者决定他的孩子一定要远离这一切，由此可推知此题答案为B。
2. B。推断题。根据第2段描述：McGarity一个人在很多小孩面前独自吃
87
糖，吃不完时，把剩余的糖扔进下水道，可知此题答案为B。
3. C。推断题。从第2段最后一句：世界上有比钱更使人幸福的东西；第3段：Miss Jackson教书，没有很多钱，但知道很多事情而受作者尊敬，可推知此题答案为C。
4. D。推断题。选项A、B、C都是作者对钱的看法，而只有选项D是事实，可推知此题答案为D。
(3)
How to protect children Web fans from unsuitable material on-line while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S.
For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as dangers and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions(预防措施), the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated(航行). “Kids have to be on-line. If we tell our kids they can‟t have access(机会) to the Internet, we‟re cutting them off from their future,” said an expert.
Most kids have started to use search engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locate places where you might not want your kids to go. There are search engines designed just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe. The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a “content screener(过滤器)”. But this can‟t be wholly reliable(可靠), and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing(浏览) the Internet.
A few other tips
●Don‟t put the PC in a child‟s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep an eye on things. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.
●Ask your child what he or she has been doing and about any friends they make on-line.
●Tell your child not to give on-line strangers personal information, especially like address and phone number.
●And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet on-line over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.
1. The passage is mainly about the subject of _______. A. American children going on-line C. appreciating Internet
B. Internet in America D. opposing children‟s on-line
2. The best way to protect children from improper material is _______. A. to install(安装) a content screener on the computer B. to buy some search engines for the children C. to be nearby when they are surfing the Internet
D. to talk to the children and persuade them to tell right from wrong
88
3. Which of the following is right according to the passage? A. Surfing the Internet is the best method of educating children.
B. Children‟s not having access to Internet may have effect on their progress. C. Using a content screener is most reliable for keeping children having access to Internet.
D. Searching engines can help children to select materials fit for them. 4. According to the passage, we can infer that _______. A. soft wares fit for children want programming B. a child who is on-line is in danger C. Internet is a jungle full of danger D. Internet contains a lot of harmful sites
【答案与解析】本文讲述因特网对孩子既有利也有害，并告诉父母应该如何保护他们的孩子远离那些不适合孩子的网络资料。
1. A。主旨题。文章第1段就是主题句。
2. D。判断题。从第3段倒数第2句话…and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet可以做出正确判断。
3. B。判断题。从文章内容来看，A、 C 、D三项明显与题意不符，而B项内容文中的一位专家则说过。
4. D。主旨题。从第2段和第3段内容可以概括出本文主旨。
(4)
Have you ever been afraid to talk back when you were treated unfairly? Have you ever bought something just because the salesman talked you into it? Are you afraid to ask a boy (girl) for a date？
Many people are afraid to assert themselves (insist upon their own rights). Dr Robert Alberti, author of Stand Up, Speak Out, and Talk Back, thinks it‟s because their self-esteem(自尊) is low. “Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves,” says Alberti. “There‟s always a 'superior' around — a parent, a teacher, a boss — who 'knows better‟”.
But Alberti and other scientists are doing something to help people to assert themselves. They offer “assertiveness training” courses (AT). In the AT courses people learn that they have a right to be themselves. They learn to speak out and feel good about doing so. They learn to be aggressive(敢闯, 闯劲儿) without hurting other people.
In one way, learning to speak out is to overcome fear. A group taking an AT course will help the timid person to lose his fear. But AT uses an even stronger motive—the need to share. The timid person speaks out in the group because he wants to tell how he feels. AT says you can get to feel good about yourself. And once you do, you can learn to speak out.
1. In the passage, the writer talks about the problem that _______. A. some people are too easy-going B. some people are too timid
89
C. there are too many superiors around us
D. some people dare not stick up for their own rights 2. The effect of our set-up on people is often to _______. A. make them distrust their own judgment B. make things more favorable for them
C. keep them from speaking out as much as their superiors do D. help them to learn to speak up for their rights 3. One thing AT doesn‟t do is to _______. A. use the need of people to share
B. show people they have the right to be themselves
C. help people to be aggressive at anytime even when others suffer D. help people overcome fear
【答案与解析】人要有主见，要敢表达出自己的意见，要维护自己的权益。 1. D。判断题。自卑的人不敢说“不”，也不敢当众发表自己的意见，那当然是失去了自己的权力。
2. A。语义理解题。从第2段第3句话 Our whole set-up makes people doubt themselves 可知答案为A。
3. C。语义理解题。从第3段最后一句话They learn to be aggressive(敢闯, 闯劲儿) without hurting other people 可以做出正确判断。
(5)
Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go in to their offices or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up early in the morning and reach home late in the evening.
One advantage of living outside London is that houses are cheaper. Even a small flat in London without a garden costs quite a lot to rent. With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of one‟s own.
Then, in the country one can rest from the noise and hurry of the town. Even though one has to get up earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep better at night and during weekends and on summer evenings, one can enjoy the fresh, clean air of the country. If one likes gardens, one can spend one‟s free time digging, planting, watering and doing the hundred and one other jobs which are needed in a garden. Then, when the flowers and vegetables come up, one has the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.
Some people, however, take no interest in country things: for them, happiness lies in the town, with its cinemas and theatres, beautiful shops and busy streets, dance-halls and restaurants. Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London. An occasional walk in one of the parks and a fortnight‟s (two weeks) visit to the sea every summer is all the country they want: the rest they are quite prepared to leave to those who are glad to get away from London every night.
1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. People who like country things prefer to live outside the city.
90
B. People who work in London prefer to live in the country.
C. Because of certain disadvantages of living outside London, some people who work in London prefer to live inside London.
D. Because of certain advantages of living outside London, many people who work in London prefer to live outside London.
2. One can use the same money for ________ to buy a little house with a garden in the country.
A. getting a small flat with a garden
B. having a small flat with a garden
C. renting a small flat without a garden D. buying a small flat without a garden 3. When the flowers and vegetables in the garden come up, those _______ have the reward of one who has shared the secret of Nature.
A. who live in the country
B. who have spent time working in the garden C. who have a garden of their own
D. who have been digging, planting and watering
4. People who think happiness lies in the town would feel that _______ if they had to live it outside London.
A. their life was meaningless happy life
5. The underlined word rest in the last paragraph refers to ________. A. the rest time
B. the rest people
D. the rest of the parks and of the sea
C. the rest of the country 所持的不同看法和态度。
1. B。推断题。根据文章内容：虽然有很多喜欢乡村生活，但文章最后讲也有些人喜欢城市生活，从而可推知此题答案为B。
2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第二、三句可推知此题答案为C。 3. B。推断题。根据文章第3段最后两句可知：要是他喜欢花园，在花园里挖土、种植、浇水等等，那么当鲜花和蔬菜生长起来的时候，他就得到了与大自然分享秘密的奖赏，所以选B。
4. A。推断题。根据文章最后一段第2句Such people would feel that their life was not worth living if they had to live it outside London可推知此题答案为A。
5. C。推断题。根据其上文：这些人偶尔去公园散散步后去海边度两周假；本句接着说：其余的就留给那些每天晚上喜欢离开伦敦的人，那么，“其余的”显然指“其余的乡村”。从而可推知题答案为C。
(6)
In every school there is a “top” crowd that sets the pace, while the others follow their lead. Let‟s say the top crowd decides that it is smart to wear bright red sweaters. Pretty soon everybody is wearing a bright red sweater.
There is nothing wrong with that, except the fact that on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming. The situation can even become dangerous, if
91
B. their life was invaluable
D. they were not worthy of their
C. they didn‟t deserve a happy life
【答案与解析】本文介绍在伦敦工作的人对是在市里居住还是在乡下居住
the top crowd decides that it is smart to drink or to drive cars at seventy miles an hour. Then the people who follow the lead are endangering their lives. They are like the sheep being led to the butcher.
Now, chances are that you have come across situations like these more than once in your life; chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong. You may have excused yourself by saying, “Gee, the crowd does it.” Well, let the crowd do it, but don‟t do it yourself. Learn to say, “No.”
Develop your own standards and your own judgment. If you know the crowd is planning something you disagree to, have the courage to bow out mannerly. You‟ll have the satisfaction of standing on your own two feet.
1. Which is the best title for this passage?
A. Follow the Lead. B. Top Crowd. C. Being Yourself. D. Bright Red.
2. The author doesn‟t think it good wearing red sweaters if ________. A. the crowd does it
B. you can‟t afford them D. the situation isn‟t safe
C. you don‟t look good in red
3. According to the passage, people who follow the crowd ________. A. sometimes do things against their better judgment B. make mistakes blindly
C. are willing to put their lives in danger D. will in the end become pace-setters
【答案与解析】本文分析了生活中的一种随主流的现象，并指出了其危害，劝人们凡事应自己作主。
1. C。主旨题。根据文章最后一段第1句Develop your own standards and your own judgment及其全文内容可推知此题答案为C。
2. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第1句on some people bright red sweater is extremely unbecoming可推知此题答案为C。
3. A。推断题。根据文章第3段第1句中的后半部分chances are that one time or another you probably did something you knew to be wrong可推知此题答案为A。
（7）
Among various programmes, TV talk shows have covered every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one is different in style(风格). But no two shows are more opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows.
Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk”. The contents on his show are as surprising as can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show titles of love, sex, cheating, and hate, to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people‟s lives.
Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top. But Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show is mainly about the improvement of
92
society and different quality(质量) of life. Contents are from teaching your children lessons, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.
Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being poured into society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech about the entire idea of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.
Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The show‟s main viewers are middleclass Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and ability to deal with life‟s tough problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society. These are 18-to-21-year-olds whose main troubles in life include love, relationship, sex, money and drug. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned through the show‟s exploitation.
1. Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are ____.
A. more interesting B. unusually popular C. more detailed D. more formal
2. Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear unpleasant, people who watch the shows____.
A. remain interested in them B. are ready to face up to them C. remain cold to them D. are willing to get away from them 3. Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show? A. A new type of robot. B. Nation hatred. C. Family income planning. D. Street accident.
4. We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows_____. A. have become the only ones of its kind B. exploit the weaknesses in human nature C. appear at different times of the day D. attract different people 【答案与解析】本文比较了美国两位著名的电视谈话节目主持人的不同主持风格。
1. B。推断题。根据文中的 Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “rubbish talk” 和 Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its top 两句可以看出这两个电视谈话节目受到了观众不寻常的欢迎。
2. A。推断题。文中的 Clearly, the Jerry Spring show is about the dark side of society, yet people are willing to eat up the troubles of other people‟s lives 说明观众对于人民生活上的难处还是很感兴趣的，因为它确实比较真实地反映了人们日常生活中的实事，容易引起观众的共鸣。
3. C。推断题。文中的 The show is mainly about the improvement of society and different quality(质量) of life 说明这一档节目报道的都是社会的正面。而A项是科技报道，属不带感情色彩的客观报道。B、D属负面的东西，所以此题答案选 C。
4. D。推断题。The show‟s main viewers are middleclass Americans 和 Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of a connection with the young adults of society 暗示这两个节目分别适应不同年龄、不同层次的观众需要。
93
(8)
“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses (冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral (道德上的) freedom.
A single angry word has lost many a friend. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad.” “Keep cool”, says George Herbert, “for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault.”
To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly(愚蠢) and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
Self-control is man‟s last greatest victory.
If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.
1. What does the reader learn from the first paragraph?
A. The greatest victory for a man is to conquer everything except himself. B. One‟s moral freedom is based on the control of himself. C. To control oneself is the most difficult in one‟s life. D. If a person is too stubborn, he will feel most shameful.
2. What is the correct interpretation of “Whom the gods would destroy they first make mad” ?
A. If the gods want to kill you, they make you crazy first. B. If you always lose your temper, you will soon be finished. C. If you cannot control yourself, you will become crazy. D. If you are mad, you will be punished by the gods.
3. If a man lacks self-control, he lacks all of the following EXCEPT _______. A. the very backbone and nerve of character B. the patience and power to control himself C. strong feelings D. self-confidence
4. The author‟s main purpose in writing this article is to _______. A. explain that self-control is the key to success
B. teach people how to control everything in order to make a great success C. distinguish all kinds of self-control and suggest ways for keeping it D. advise people not to lose temper so as to make and keep more friends (1—4 BBCA)
94
【答案与解析】本文介绍了自控力在人生中的重要性。
1. B。推断题。根据第 1 段最后一句“如果一个人被情感和冲动所支配，那么他就放弃了道德上的自由”可推知此题答案为 B。
2. B。推断题。根据文章第 2 段最后一句 …for fierceness (狂怒) makes error a fault为可推知此题答案为 B。
3. C。推断题。根据文章最后一段排除选项A、B、D，可推知此题答案为 C。
4. A。主旨题。根据文章内容及倒数第2段可推知此题答案为 A。
(9)
A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.
The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset (财产) as well as other‟s. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.
Failure to be punctual in keeping one‟s appointments is the sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.
Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one‟s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men.
1. What does the author think is the main difference between a punctual person and an unpunctual person?
A. A punctual person does everything ahead of time while an unpunctual person does everything behind schedule.
B. A punctual person does everything at the right time while an unpunctual person seldom does anything at the correct time.
C. A punctual person has a lot of appointments while an unpunctual person has few appointments.
D. A punctual person has much time to do everything while an unpunctual person has little time to do anything.
2. According to the passage, the main reason that a person is always unpunctual is that _______.
95
A. he has more work to do than other people B. he is always in a hurry when he works C. he doesn‟t care much about time
D. he always mismanages and wastes his time
3. According to the third paragraph, when you are invited to dinner, you should arrive there _______.
A. after other guests have arrived B. before all other guests C. at the appointed time
D. after the host has got things ready
4. Which of the following statements best describes the harm of unpunctuality? A. If you are an unpunctual person, you cannot be in charge of any important task.
B. If your friends know that you are unpunctual, they may not see you again. C. Unpunctuality may bring about heavy losses for both public and private affairs.
D. Unpunctuality may make you miss a lot of appointments and lose friends. (1—4 BDCC)
【答案与解析】本文论述了守时的重要性。
1. B。推断题。根据文章第 1 段及第 2 段第 1 句可推知此题答案为 B。 2. D。推断题。根据文章第2段第5句 The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset (财产) as well as other‟s 可推知此题答案为 D。
3. C。推断题。根据文章第 3 段第 1 句 Failure to be punctual in keeping one‟s appointments is sign of disrespect towards others 及后面的内容可推知此题答案为 C。
4. C。推断题。根据文章最后一段可推知此题答案为 C。
(10)
Five years ago, David Smith wore an expensive suit to work every day. “I was a clothes addict,” he jokes. “I used to carry a fresh suit to work with me so I could change if my clothes got wrinkled.” Today David wears casual clothes-khaki pants and sports shirt-to the office. He hardly ever wears a necktie. “I‟m working harder than ever,” David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.”
More and more companies are allowing their office workers to wear casual clothes to work in the United States. The change from formal to casual office wear has been gradual. In the early 1990s, many companies allowed their employees to wear casual clothes on Friday(but only on Friday). This became known as “dress-down Friday” of “casual Friday”. “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” said business consultant Maisly Jones.
Why have so many companies started allowing their employees to wear casual clothes? One reason is that it‟s easier for a company to attract new employees if it
96
has a casual dress code. “A lot of young people don‟t want to dress up for work,” says the owner of a software company, “so it‟s hard to hire people if you have a conservative dress code.” Another reason is that people seem happier and more productive when they are wearing comfortable clothes. In a study conducted by Levi Strauss and Company, 85 percent of employers said that they believe that casual dress improves employee morale. Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity. Supporters of casual office wear also argue that a casual dress code helps them save money. “Suits are expensive, if you have to wear one every day,” one person said. “For the same amount of money, you can buy a lot more casual clothes.”
1. David Smith refers to himself as having been “a clothes addict,” because _______.
A. he often wore khaki pants and a sports shirt B. he couldn‟t stand a clean appearance C. he wanted his clothes to look neat all the time D. he didn‟t want to spend much money on clothes 2. David Smith wears casual clothes now, because _______. A. they make him feel at ease when working B. he cannot afford to buy expensive clothes C. he looks handsome in casual clothes D. he no longer works for any company
3. According to this passage, which of the following statements is false? A. Many employees don‟t like a conservative dress code. B. Comfortable clothes make employees more productive. C. A casual clothes code is welcomed by young employees. D. All the employers in the U. S. are for casual office wear.
4. According to this passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Company workers started to dress down about twenty years ago. B. Dress-down has become an everyday phenomenon since the early 1990s. C. “Dress-down Friday” was first given as a favor from employers. D. Many workers want to wear casual clothes to impress people.
5. In this passage, the following advantages of casual office wear are mentioned in the passage except _______.
A. saving employees‟ money B. making employees more attractive C. improving employees‟ motivation
D. making employees happier
【答案与解释】从20世纪90年代起，美国许多公司开始允许员工星期五可以不统一着装上班。现在越来越多的公司许可领员工穿便装上班了，这对调节他们的心情，调动其工作热情有一定的作用。
1. C。语义理解题。大卫自嘲以前是服装爱好者，衣服一起皱，他就得换上备穿的服装。
2. A。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后一句话 “I‟m working harder than ever,”
97
David says, “and I need to feel comfortable.” 可找到答案。
3. D。细节判断题。根据最后一段中的 Only 4 percent of employers said that casual dress has a negative impact on productivity 可知还有一些雇主不赞同穿便装上班。
4. C。细节判断题。从第 2 段最后 1 句 “What started out as an extra one-day-a-week benefit for employees has really become an everyday thing.” 可以做出正确判断。
5. B。推断题。通读最后一段可知选项A(为雇员省钱)、B(提高雇员的工作热情)、D(使雇主高兴)在原文中均被提到，只有A未被提到。
(11)
Since we are social beings, the quality of our lives depends in large measure on our interpersonal relationships. One strength of the human conditions is our possibility to give and receive support from one another under stressful(有压力的) conditions. Social support makes up of the exchange of resources among people based on their interpersonal ties. Those of us with strong support systems appear better able to deal with major life changes and daily problems. People with strong social ties live longer and have better health than those without such ties. Studies over types of illnesses, from depression to heart disease, show that the presence of social support helps people defend themselves against illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.
Social support cushions stress in a number of ways. First, friends, relatives and co-workers may let us know that they value us. Our self-respect is strengthened when we feel accepted by others in spite of our faults and difficulties. Second, other people often provide us with informational support. They help us to define and understand our problems and find solutions to them. Third, we typically find social companionship supportive. Taking part in free-time activities with others helps us to meet our social needs while at the same time distracting(转移注意力) us from our worries and troubles. Finally, other people may give us instrumental support — money aid, material resources, and needed services — that reduces stress by helping us resolve and deal with our problems.
1. Interpersonal relationships are important because they can _______. A. make people live more easily B. smooth away daily problems C. deal with life changes D. cure types of illnesses
2. The researches show that people's physical and mental health _______. A. lies in the social medical care systems which support them B. has much to do with the amount of support they get from others C. depends on their ability to deal with daily worries and troubles D. is related to their courage for dealing with major life changes
3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “cushions” ?
98
A. takes place of
B. makes up of D. gets rid of
C. lessens the effect of
4. Helping a sick neighbor with some repair work in spare time is an example of _______.
A. instrumental support C. social companionship
B. informational support
D. the strengthening of self-respect
5. What is the subject discussed in the text? A. Interpersonal relationships.
B. Kinds of social support.
C. Ways to deal with stress. D. Effects of stressful conditions. 【答案与解释】现代社会中的人们各方面的压力很大，所以融洽的人际关系显得很重要。它可以缓解部分压力，增加信息，帮助解决一些日常困难。
1. A。主旨题。虽然选项B、C、D的内容在文章中都谈到了，但选项A更全面。另一方面，根据文章第1段的第1句也可推知答案为A。
2. B。判断题。从第 1 段的最后一句话可以做出正确判断。 3. C。语义猜测题。文章第2段告诉我们人与人之间互相支持和帮助可以从几个方面缓解人的压力。注意文章最后一句中的 reduce 与选项C中的 lessen 大致同义。
4. C。细节题。从文章第 2 段内容，采用排除法，可以得知答案为 C。 5. A。主旨题。通读全文可知答案。
(12)
LONDON — Life for Cathy Hagner and her three children is set to permanent(永久的) fast-forward.
Their full school day and her job as a lawyer's assistant are busy enough. But Hanger also has to take the two boys to soccer or hockey or basketball while dropping off her daughter at piano lessons or Girl Scout Club.
Often, the exhausted family doesn't get home until 7 pm. There is just time for a quick supper before homework. In today's world, middle-class American and British parents treat their children as if they are competitors racing for some finishing line.
Parents take their children from activity to activity in order to make their future bright. It seems that raising a genius has become a more important goal than raising a happy and well-balanced child.
“Doctors across the country are reporting a growing number of children suffering from stomachaches and headaches due to exhaustion and stress,” says child expert William Doherty of the University of Minnesota.
Teachers are dealing with exhausted kids in the classroom. It's a very serious problem. Many children attend after-school clubs by necessity. But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities. They include sports, language, music and math classes for children as young as four.
“There is a new parenting trend(趋势) under way which says that you have to tap all your child‟s potential(潜能) at a young age; otherwise you will let him down,” says Terry Apter, a Cambridge-based child and adolescent psychiatrist(青少
99
年精神病专家).
“It isn't entirely new: there have always been pushy parents. But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted.”
1. From the second paragraph of this passage we can find that _______. A. Hagner wastes much time helping her children's lessons B. Hagner doesn't spend much time on her full-time job C. Hagner is interested in sports and music D. Hagner busies herself by following a trend
2. British parents, as the writer described in this passage, _______. A. treat their children as sports players B. pay no attention to their children's lessons C. bring up their children in a simple way D. give their children little time to develop freely
3. The writer's opinion about after-school clubs is that ________. A. activities in the country are too competitive B. children should attend four clubs at a time C. some clubs result in competitive pressures D. clubs should have more subjects for school children 4. The last paragraph tells us that in Britain _______. A. parents used to take their children to every club B. parents used to be wise on how to raise children C. parents have all benefited from children‟s clubs D. parents have come to know the standard of education
【答案与解析】现在的英、美中产家庭的父母亲让孩子们参加各种课外俱乐部，学习体育、语言、音乐、数学等，把孩子们变成了学习的机器。
1. D。语义理解题。因为第 2 段就是第 1 段内容的具体化。
2. D。判断题。从文章内容可以看出，在英国，孩子们在学校已经够累了，回到家里，父母亲还要他们参加课外俱乐部的一个又一个活动，孩子们自己发展的空间当然没有了。
3. C。判断题。第 6 段第 4 句话 But competitive pressures also create an explosion of activities 把俱乐部不好的作用讲得清楚明了。
4. B。判断题。从本段第 2 句话 But what was previously(以前) seen as strange behaviour is now well accepted 可以判断出，在英国，过去家长们是知道怎样教育孩子们的。
(13)
There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degree of health and wealth and other comforts of life, one becomes happy and the other becomes unhappy. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, events and the resulting effects upon their minds.
People who are to be happy fix their attention on the convenience of things: the pleasant parts of conversation, the well prepared dishes, the goodness of the wine and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be
100
unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things. Therefore, they are continually dissatisfied. By their remarks, they sour the pleasure of society, offend(hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere. If this turn of mind was founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The intention of criticizing(批评) and being disliked is perhaps taken up by imitation(模仿). It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessors. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when those who have it realize its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warning may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.
Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious results in life since it brings on deep sorrow and bad luck. Those people offend many others; nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at getting some advantages in social position or fortune, nobody wishes them success. Nor will anyone start a step or speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public objections, no one will defend or excuse them, and many will join to criticize their wrongdoings. These should change this bad habit and be pleased with what is pleasing, without worrying needlessly about themselves and others. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them. Otherwise, it can be disagreeable and sometimes very inconvenient, especially when one becomes mixed up in their quarrels.
1. People who are unhappy _______.
A. always consider things differently from others
B. usually are affected by the results of certain things C. usually misunderstand what others think or say D. always discover the unpleasant side of certain things
2. The phrase “sour the pleasure of society” most nearly means “_______”.
A. have a good taste with social life C. tend so scold others openly
B. make others unhappy D. enjoy the pleasure of life
3. We can conclude from the passage that _______. A. we should pity all such unhappy people
B. such unhappy people are dangerous to social life C. people can get rid of the habit of unhappiness D. unhappy people can not understand happy persons
4. If such unhappy persons insist on keeping the habit, the author suggests that people should _______.
A. prevent any communication with them B. show no respect and politeness to them C. persuade them to recognize the bad effects D. quarrel with them until they realize the mistakes 5. In this passage, the writer mainly _______. A. describes two types of people
101
B. laughs at the unhappy people
C. suggests the unhappy people should get rid of the habits of unhappiness D. tells people how to be happy in life
【答案与解析】生活中有些人拥有相等的健康、财富和生活条件，但由于考虑事情、人物、事件的角度不同，一些人感到幸福，而另一些人则感到不幸福。由于这些不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，其结果只能是处于被孤立的境地。
1. D。判断题。从第 2 段第 4 句话Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the opposite things 可以看出另一些人为什么感到不幸福的原因。
2. B。词义猜测题。从该短语后的…offend (hurt) many people, and make themselves disagreeable everywhere 可以猜出 “sour the pleasure of society” 的正确含义。
3. C。判断题。从第 2 段中倒数第 2 句话The habit may be strong, but it may be cured可以判断出人们可以改变不幸福的脾性。
4. A。判断题。从第 3 段中的倒数第 2 句话If they do not(change this bad habit), it will be good for others to avoid any contact(接触) with them 可以看出作者的态度。
5. C。主旨题。本文主要讲的是那些感觉不幸福的人处处冒犯别人，若长期以往，则只能处于被孤立的境地，所以他们应改变自己的习惯。
(14)
Traveling can be a way to gain life experiences, especially during Spring Break — a week long school vacation in the United States. But what if you‟re a student and don‟t have enough money for a trip? Don‟t worry. Here are some useful suggestions.
●Save: This probably is the most important preparation for traveling. Cut expenses to fatten your wallet so you‟ll have more choices about where to go and how to get there.
●Plan ahead: Don‟t wait until the last minute to plan your trip. Tickets may cost more when bought on short notice. Giving yourself several months to get ready can mean security(安全) and savings.
●Do your homework: No matter where you go, research the places you will visit. Decide what to see. Travel books will provide information on the cheapest hotels and restaurants.
●Plan sensibly: Write down what you expect to spend for food and hotels. Stick to your plan or you may not have enough money to cover everything.
●Travel in groups: Find someone who is interested in visiting the same places. By traveling with others you can share costs and experiences.
●Work as you go: Need more money to support your trip? Look for work in the places you visit.
●Go off the beaten path: Tourist cities may be expensive. You may want to rethink your trip and go to a lesser-known area. Smaller towns can have many interesting activities and sights.
●Pack necessary things: The most important things to take are not always
102
clothes: Remember medicine in case you get sick and snacks in case you cannot find a cheap restaurant.
●Use the Internet: The Net can help to save money. Some useful websites include www. Travelocity. com, www. bargains-lowest fare. com and www. Economic travel. com.
By planning sensibly, even students can enjoy the travel. Your travel experiences will be remembered for a lifetime.
1. This passage is about _______. A. how to plan your travel
B. how to travel with enough money
C. how to make your travel interesting D. how to get life experiences 2. Before your trip, the first thing you should do is _______. A. to make a plan of the route
B. to get information in the Internet
C. to save money by spending less D. to buy tickets in advance 3. The writer advises you _______.
A. to share costs with any other people B. not to go to well-known places C. not to visit dangerous places 4. During your trip, _______. A. you need more shoes than clothes
B. you shouldn‟t look for work all the way C. you can gain valuable life experiences D. you should forget to do your homework
【答案与解析】本文是对学生计划旅行所作准备提出的建议。 1. A。主旨题。根据第1段最后句及全文的内容可推知此题答案为A。 2. C。推断题。根据第1则建议可推知此题答案为C。 3. B。细节题。根据第7则建议可推知此题答案为B。 4. C。细节题。根据文章的首句和尾句可知此题答案为C。
D. to buy anything you want to buy
十二、社会类
(11)
Right is right. Right? Of course. But is left wrong? Well, the Romans used to think so. They thought left-handed people were mistakes of nature. Latin, the language of the Romans, had many words that expressed this view. Some words we use today still have this meaning. The Latin word “dexter” means “right”. The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad). Is it fair to call right-handed people handy and left-handed people evil? Well, fair or not, many languages have words that express such beliefs. In old English, the word for left means “weak”. That isn‟t much of an improvement over “evil”.
Not very long ago, children were often forced to write with their right hands. Doctors have since found that this can be very harmful. You should use the hand
103
you were born to use.
People who use their left hands are just starting to get better treatment. But why they get all these bad names in the first place? One reason may be that there are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people. There is one left-handed person for every five right-handed ones. People who are different are often thought to be wrong. But attitudes do seem to be changing. Fair-minded right-handed people are finally starting to give left-handed people a hand.
1. What does the passage lead us to believe when one writes? A. He can only use his right hand. B. He can only use his left hand.
C. He can use either his left hand or his right hand. D. He can use both his left hand and his right hand. 2. The last sentence of this article means ________.
A. Fair-minded right-handed people want to change the habit of the left-handed people
B. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to help the left-handed people C. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to use left hand to write and so on
D. Fair-minded right-handed people are starting to give up using their left hands
3. After we read the article we can certainly know that _______. A. left-handed people have been treated poorly
B. the number of the left-handed people is larger than that of right-handed people
C. right-handed people are much cleverer than left-handed people D. left-handed people are less smart but hardworking
4. Which of the following is NOT right, according to the article? A. At one time, left-handed people were forced to use their right hands. B. Left-handed people today are being treated better than those in the past. C. There are not as many left-handed people as there are right-handed people today.
D. “Dexterous” comes from Latin, means “evil” and English “sinister” means “handy”.
(1—4 CBAD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍人们对left-handed与right-handed不同的看法和态度。
1. C。推断题。根据文章第2段最后一句医生的建议You should use the hand you were born to use可推知此题的答案为C。
2. B。根据短语give sb a hand 的意思是“帮某人的忙”，可推知此题的答案为B。
3. A。推断题。根据文章第1段对left的解释及第2段第1句讲强迫小孩用右手，可推知此题答案为A。
4. D。细节题。根据文章第1段中的 The Latin word “dexter” means “right”.
104
The English word “dexterous” comes from this word. It means “handy” (clever with hands). So, right is handy. But the Latin word for left is “sinister”. The English word “sinister” comes from this word. Sinister means “evil” (very bad) 可推知此题答案为D。
(12)
The Internet has led to a huge increase in credit-card (信用卡) fraud. Your card information could even be for sale in an illegal web site(非法网站).
Web sites offering cheap goods and services should be regarded with care. On-line shoppers who enter their credit-card information may never receive the goods they thought they bought. The thieves then go shopping with your card number — or sell the information over the Internet. Computers hackers(黑客) have broken down security(安全) systems, raising questions about the safety of cardholder information. Several months ago, 25, 000 customers of CD Universe, an on-line music retailer(零售商), were not lucky. Their names, addresses and credit-card numbers were posted on a Web site after the retailer refused to pay US $157, 828 to get back the information.
Credit-card firms are now fighting against on-line fraud. Mastercard is working on plans for Web — only credit card, with a lower credit limit. The card could be used only for shopping on-line. However, there are a few simple steps you can take to keep from being cheated(欺骗).
Ask about your credit-card firm‟s on-line rules: Under British law, cardholders have to pay the first US $78 of any fraudulent(欺骗性的) spending.
And shop only at secure sites; Send your credit-card information only if the Web site offers advanced secure system.
If the security is in place, a letter will appear in the bottom right-hand corner of your screen. The Website address may also start https: //—the extra “s” stands for secure. If in doubt, give your credit-card information over the telephone.
Keep your password(密码) safe: Most on-line sites require a user name and password before placing an order. Treat your passwords with care.
1. What do most people worry about the Internet according to this passage? A. A lot of stolen credit-cards were sold on the Internet. B. Fraud on the Internet. C. Many Web sites are destroyed. D. Many illegal Web sites are on the Internet. 2. What is the meaning of “fraud”? A. Cheating.
B. Sale.
C. Payment.
D. Safety.
3. How can the thieves get the information of the credit card? A. The customers give them the information. B. The thieves steal the information from Web sites. C. The customers sell the information to them.
D. The thieves buy the information from credit-card firms. 4. How many pieces of advice does the passage give to you?
105
A. Four. B. Three. C. Five. D. Six.
5. You are shopping on the site: http: // www. Shopping. com, and you want to buy a TV set, what does this article suggest to do?
A. Order the TV set at once. B. Do not buy the TV set on this site. C. E-mail the site your credit-card information.
D. Tell the site your password and buy the TV set for you. (1—5 BABAB)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了网上黑客人员盗用信用卡资料进行欺骗的行为以及我们该怎样防卫的措施。
1. B。推断题。根据文章第1段第1句(因特网已导致使用信用卡欺骗行为大量增加)可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。词义猜测题。根据第1段第2句(你的卡上资料可能会在网上非法出售)和第4段最后一句(可采用下列步骤防止受欺骗)可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第2段的提醒(当心那些提供便宜商品或服务的网址)可推知此题答案为B。也可采用排除法：根据文章内容，排除A和C(并且此两项也不合情理)；根据文章第4段第1句可知选项D也不正确。因此选B。
4. A。细节题。根据对文章第五、六、七、八段的归纳可推知此题的答案为A。
5. B。细节题。根据文章倒数第2段中的说明：安全的网址应在电脑的右下角有一个小字母，或在网址中有一个字母S，而问题中的网址中没有字母S，从而可推知此题答案为B。
(13)
“Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it‟s a girl.”
Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different answer from every man who hears these words. Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy(怀孕) was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the change from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this re-socialization process. Although many good books have been written about American mothers, only recently have some books discussed the role of a father.
It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father‟s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother‟s role. The mother‟s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life, on the other hand, the father‟s role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we have mentioned the fact that growing
106
numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.
1. According to the author, being a father _______. A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men
B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy D. means nothing but more responsibilities. 2. It is stated in the passage that ________. A. some parents are not prepared to have a child B. young couples do not like children at all
C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child 3. The transition to the mother‟s role requires that the wife _______. A. changes her life style in a quite different way
B. makes a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation C. stays at home to take care of the baby
D. helps her husband in his re-socialization process
4. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _______.
A. have to do more in the household B. have to make more difficult adaptations C. have an easier job to do D. can usually do a better job (1—4 CABC)
【答案与解析】本文主要讲述从丈夫的角色转换到父亲的角色是一个很难的过程。
1. C。细节题。根据文章第2段第2句Some feel proud when they receive the news, while others worry 可推知此题答案为C。
2. A。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句pregnancy(怀孕) was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。细节题。根据文章最后一段第2句 The mother‟s role seems to require a complete transformation of daily routine and adaptation to a new life可推知此题答案为B。
4. C。细节题。根据文章最后一段第1句although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother‟s role可推知此题答案为C。
(14)
Industrial pollution is not only a problem for the countries of Europe and North America but also an extremely serious problem in some developing countries. For these countries, economic growth is a very important aim. They want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause
107
pollution.
Cubatao, an industrial town of 85 000 people in Brazil, is an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution. In 1954, Cubatao had no industry. Today it has more than twenty large factories, which produce many pollutants(污染物). The people of the town are suffering from the poisonous matter in their environment and the bad effects can be clearly seen. Birth shortcomings are extremely common. Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places.
It is true that Brazil, like many other countries, has laws against pollution, but these laws are not enforced strictly enough. It is cheaper for companies to take no notice of the laws and pay the fines(罚款) than to buy the expensive equipment that will reduce the pollution. It is clear, therefore, that economic growth is more important to the government than to the health of the workers. However, the responsibility(责任) does not completely lie with the Brazilian government. The example of Cubatao shows that international companies are not acting in a responsible way either. A number of the factories in the town are owned by large companies from France, Italy, and the U. S. They are doing things in Brazil that they would not be able to do at home. If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉地) punished or even put out of business.
1. Why don‟t developing countries have strict pollution controls?
A. The new industries they want to introduce do not cause much pollution. B. Pollution is not a serious problem for developing countries.
C. They don‟t realize the balance of nature will be destroyed by some pollutants.
D. If they put stricter controls on industry, fewer companies would build new plants in developing countries.
2. What is the author‟s purpose in taking Cubatao as an example? A. To show that industry can develop very fast in developing countries. B. To show that the pollution problem in Brazil is extremely serious. C. To show that industrial growth can cause pollution problems for developing countries.
D. To show that pollution is killing many people and destroying the whole economy of Brazil.
3. How is the health of the population of Cubatao?
A. There are more heart diseases among people who live near chemical factories.
B. More people suffer from lung diseases because of poisonous matter. C. Their health is affected by pollutants the same way as that of other Brazilians.
D. Babies there are found not as bright as those who live in other places. 4. Why do some foreign companies like to set up their plants in Brazil? A. The investment(投资) environment in Brazil is suitable for them. B. They will not be severely punished if they cause pollution in Brazil.
108
C. They can make much money because they do not have to pay Brazilian workers much.
D. They can act in an irresponsible(不负责任的) way in Brazil because there are no pollution laws there.
【答案与解析】本文论述了一些国家为了发展工业而忽视了环境污染这一严重问题。
1. D。推断题。根据文章第1段最后一句 they want to introduce industries, and so they put few controls on the industries which cause pollution可推知此题答案为D。
2. C。推断题。根据文章第2段第1句an example of the connection between industrial development and pollution可推知此题答案为C。
3. B。细节题。根据文章第2段最后一句Among children and adults, lung problems are sometimes twelve times more common in Cubatao than in other places可推知此题答案为B。
4. B。推断题。根据文章第3段最后一句If they caused the same amount of pollution at home, they would be severely(严厉地) punished or even put out of business可推知此题答案为B。
(15)
How many men do housework? Recently a European commission(委员会) tried to find out people‟s ideas and reactions to the women‟s movement. As part of their survey(调查), they asked many men and women the question, “Who does the housework?” The men answered very differently from the women!
The housework they asked people about was: preparing meals, washing dishes, cleaning the house and babysitting. 48% of British husbands said they did these things. 37% of Danish(丹麦的) men helped in the house. But only 15% of Italian men said they did the housework; many of them said they never helped at all!
But there was an interesting point of view from the wives. According to British wives, only 38% of their husbands helped in the house. And Italian wives said that their husbands hardly ever helped. The Italian and British men did not tell the truth! The Commission found that Danish men were the most truthful husbands; their answers were the same as their wives‟ answers.
Do the men you know help in the house? Do you think the survey gives a true picture in your experience? Write and tell us what you think.
1. The survey was carried out in _______.
A. Britain B. Italy C. Denmark D. Europe 2. The subject for the survey is_______. A. how many boys do the housework? B. who does the housework at home C. how many women do the housework? D. who are more diligent, wives or husbands 3. From the passage we can see that _______.
A. there are more husbands who did the housework than wives
109
B. husbands do half of the housework all the time
C. there are more wives who do the housework than husbands D. wives do almost all the housework at home
4. More _______ husbands help in the house than _______ husbands. A. British; Danish B. Italian; Danish C. Danish; British D. Italian; British
【答案与解析】本文公布了欧洲委员会为了了解人们对女权运动的想法以及对“谁做家务活”这一调查反应。
1. D。推断题。根据文章第1段第2句…a European Commission(委员会) tried to find out people‟s ideas and reactions to the women‟s movement及所调查的地方可知此题的答案为D。
2. B。细节题。根据文章第1段倒数第2句…they asked many men and women the question, “Who does the housework?” 可推知此题的答案为B。
3. C。推断题。根据文章中所显示的调查结果：British 48%(实际上是38%)、Danish 37%、Italian 15%可推知此题的答案为C。
4. A。推断题。根据文章所显示的调查结果：British 48%(实际上是38%)、 Danish 37%可推知此题答案为A。
(16)
Many immigrants(移民) to the United States find the decision to seek better lives for their families in America can have an unexpected and tragic consequence(后果). Deep differences with their children develop over language and culture.
“Many immigrants arrive here without much education. Their kids soon gain language skills and also street marts(耍时髦) on how to live in America, leaving the parents at a disadvantage,” Ileana , Roses, pastor of a Methodist church group operating in Virginia, said.
“Not only that but they find they cannot relate to children who quickly absorb American culture,” she said.
According to the US Census Bureau(人口调查局), the number of foreign born or first generation Americans reached 55 million last year, a record one in five of the total population.
A government survey of 922 immigrants in 2000 found that nearly 40 percent of those who had been in the United States for more than 15 years would still like to take English classes if they had the time.
Two thirds of low income households depended on their children for translation.
Psychologists(心理学家) and sociologists say parents can lose their position of authority(权威) in a family as a result and the effects of that can be far-reaching.
Children exposed to American pop culture that glorifies(颂扬) youth and sexuality(性感) often rebel when their parents try to impose the conservative values they brought with them.
“Americanization erodes(侵蚀) all important aspects of parenting,” said Richard Weissbourd, who teaches education at Harvard University.
110
“I feel a part of me is dying with my children. They don‟t listen to my music. I have to play it on Sunday morning when they are not around,” said an immigrant.
1. What troubles the immigrant parents most is ___________. A. that they can‟t understand the English language
B. that they lose their position of authority in their families
C. that their children have lost sense of their own national values D. how they can master the English language as soon as possible
2. From the passage we can infer that the population of the states at present is about____.
A. 275 million B. 220 million C. 255 million D. smaller than 250 million
3. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. All the immigrants had expected the troubles they would meet before they went to the US.
B. Two thirds of immigrant families are low income households.
C. American culture shows a spirit against conservative social and cultural values.
D. American pop culture puts the immigrant families at a disadvantage. 4. Which of the following is probably the title of the report? A. The Result of the US Census
B. The Differences Between Parents and Children in the US C. The Troubles of the American Immigrants
D. Role Reversal(颠倒) Troubles Many Parents and Children
【答案与解析】本文讲述了美国移民父辈和子女间因文化差异所导致的代沟。
1. B。细节题。可从 Psychologists(心理学家) and sociologists say parents can lose their position of authority(权威) in a family as a result and the effects of that can be far-reaching 中找出答案。
2. A。细节题。根据the number of foreign born or first generation Americans reached 55 million last year, a record one in five the total population 我们可以列出下面的算式：55,000,000×5=275,000,000。
3. C。细节题。根据Children exposed to American pop culture that glorifies(颂扬) youth and sexuality(性感) often rebel when their parents try to impose the conservative values they brought with them 可得出答案。
4. C。主旨题。纵览全文，可以得出答案。
(17)
The U.S. Department of Labor statistics(统计) show that there is an oversupply of college trained workers and that this oversupply is increasing. Already there have been more than enough teachers, engineers, physicists, aerospace experts, and other specialists. Yet colleges and graduate schools continue every year to turn out highly trained people to compete for jobs that aren‟t there. The result is that graduates cannot enter the professions for which they were trained and must take temporary jobs which do not require a college degree.
111
On the other hand, there is a great need for skilled workers of all sorts: carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, TV repairmen. These people have more work than they can deal with, and their annual incomes are often higher than those of college graduates. The old gap that white —collar workers make a better living than blue collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen.
The reason for this situation is the traditional myth that college degree is a passport to a prosperous future. A large part of American society matches success in life equally with a college degree. Parents begin indoctrinating(灌输) their children with this myth before they are out of grade school. High school teachers play their part by acting as if high school education were a preparation for college rather than for life. Under this pressure the kids fall in line. Whether they want to go to college or not doesn‟t matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go. And every year college enrollments(入学) go up and up, and more and more graduates are overeducated for the kinds of jobs available to them.
One result of this emphasis on a college education is that many people go to college who do not belong there. Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up.
1. It‟s implied but not stated in the passage that _______. A. many other countries are facing the same problem
B. white-collar workers in the US used to make more money than blue-collar workers
C. fewer students will prefer to go to college in the future
D. the law of supply and demand has a strong effect on American higher education
2. Which of the following is NOT a reason why college enrollments go up every year？
A. Many people believe that the only way to success is a college education. B. Many parents want their children to go to college. C. High school teachers urge their students to go to college. D. Every young man and woman wants to go to college.
3. By saying that “many people go to college who do not belong there”, the author means that _______.
A. many people who are not fit for college education go to college B. many people who do not have enough money go to college C. many people who go to college drop out within the first year D. many people who go to college have their hopes destroyed
4. We can infer from the passage that the author believes that _______. A. every young man and woman should go to college B. college education is a bad thing
C. people with a college education should receive higher pay
D. fewer people should go to college while more should be trained for skilled
112
jobs
【答案解析】本文通过调查分析告诉人们要改变传统观念应首先考虑选择技术工作的培训—因为它人才 缺乏，待遇更高。
1. B。推断题。阅读全文可知 A、C 原文没有提到，D 在原文已明确提到，再根据 The old gap that white-collar workers make a better living than blue collar workers no longer holds true. The law of supply and demand now favors the skilled workmen 可推知在人们的眼中，白领工人以前比蓝领工人赚钱多，故 B 为正确选项。
2. D。细节题。根据 Whether they want to go to college or not doesn‟t matter. Everybody should go to college, so of course they must go 可知上大学不是出于学生本意，而是出于父母及学校等方面的压力，可见 D 不是大学入学人数增加的原因。
3. A。推断题。 根据最后一段 Of the sixty percent of high school graduates who enter college, half of them do not graduate with their class. Many of them drop out within the first year. Some struggle on for two or three years and then give up 可知作者列举了三种情况，说明有些人不适合大学教育，故选A。
4. D。推断题。阅读全文可知作者通过调查告诉人们大学教育人才过多，而技术工人又非常缺乏，因而待遇反而更高；接着又分析了造成这种状况的传统观念；最后还谈到了很多上了大学却因种种原因无法完成学业，所有这些都在暗示人们上大学的人应该减少，而参加技术工作培训的人应该增多，故选D。
(18)
Work is a very important part of life in the United States. When the early Protestant immigrants(新教徒移民) came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven. This attitude, the Protestant Work Ethic(道德规范), still influences America today. Work is not only important for economic benefits, the salary, but also for social and psychological needs, the feeling of doing something for the good of the society. Americans spend most of their lives working, being productive. For most Americans, their work defines(给„下定义) them: they are what they do. What happens then, when a person can no longer work? Almost all Americans stop working at age sixty-five or seventy and retire. Because work is such an important part of life in this culture, retirement can be very difficult. Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive. Of course, some people are happy to retire; but leaving one‟s job, whatever it is, is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring. Many retirees do not know how to use their time or they feel lost without their jobs. Retirements can also bring financial problems. Many people rely on Social Security checks every month. During their working years, employees contribute a certain percentage of their salaries to the government. Each employer also gives a certain percentage to the government. When people retire, they receive this money as income. These checks do not provide enough money to live on, however, because prices are increasing very rapidly. Senior citizens, those over sixty-five, have to have savings in the bank or other retirement plans to make ends meet. The rate of inflation(通货膨胀) is forcing
113
prices higher each year; Social Security checks alone cannot cover these growing expenses. The government offers some assistance(补助), Medicare(health care)and welfare(general assistance), but many senior citizens have to change their life styles after retirement. They have to spend carefully to be sure that they can afford to buy food, fuel and other necessities.
Of course, many senior citizens are happy with retirement. They have time to spend with their families or enjoy their hobbies. Some continue to work part time, others do volunteer(志愿) work. Some, like those in the Retired Business Executives Association, even help young, people to get started in new business. Many retired citizens also belong to “Golden Age” groups. These organizations plan trips and social events. There are many chances for retirees.
American society is only beginning to be concerned about the special physical and emotional needs of its senior citizens. The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts(折扣) in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services such as free courses, food service, and help with housework. Retired citizens are a rapidly growing percentage of the population. This part of the population is very important and we must meet their needs. After all, every citizen will be a senior citizen some day.
1. The author believes that work first became important to Americans because of _______.
A. religion
B. economy
C. psychology
D. family
2. The passage is mainly about _______. A. money and check
B. senior and junior D. Protestants and Americans B. feel productive
C. work and retirement
3. When Americans stop work, it‟s difficult for them to _______. A. get Social Security checks C. enjoy themselves problem of limited income.
A. two B. four C. five D. three 【答案解析】本文介绍了美国人退休前对工作的热爱和退休后所碰到的种种困难及政府对此所采取的措施。
1. A。细节题。根据 When the early Protestant immigrants came to this country, they brought the idea that work was the way to God and heaven 可知工作与宗教有关，故选 A。
2. C。主旨题。阅读全文得知本文讲述了人们对工作的热爱和退休时人们的各种态度，故选 C。
3. B。细节题。根据Retirees often feel that they are useless and unproductive 可知退休者的感受是无用和无法再产出，故选 B。
4. D。细节题。根据最后一段 The government is taking steps to ease the problem of limited income. They are building new housing, offering discounts in stores and museums and on buses, and providing other services such as free courses,
114
D. be religious
4. The author mentions _______ examples of the government' steps to ease the
food service, and help with housework 可知作者列举了 3 个例子，故选 D。
(19)
Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale(小规模地), faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little hope of raising the money needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance(资金), they are generally unwilling to provide money, for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share(股份) in the business in exchange for a share in future interests. This they do by issuing(发行) stocks(股票) and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange. By doing so they can put into circulation(流通) the savings of single persons and institutions, both at home and abroad.
When the saver(储蓄者) needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead he sells his shares through a stockbroker(证券经纪人) to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money. Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the government or by local organizations. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones and railways, this country could not work. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than it is raised through taxes alone. The government, local organizations and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance(给„提供资金) major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange.
There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another his new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.
1. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is _______.
A. exchanged for part ownership in the Stock Exchange B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies C. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible D. invested in different companies in the Stock Exchange 2. All the basic services on which we depend are _______. A. unable to provide for the needs of the population B. financed wholly by rates and taxes C. in constant need of financial support D. run by the government or local organizations
3. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the government, local organizations and nationalized industries _______.
A. to make certain everybody saves money
115
B. to borrow as much money as they wish C. to make certain everybody lends money to them D. to raise money to finance new development 4. The underlined word invest probably means _______. A. give more money with C. borrow less money with
B. provide less money with D. make more money with
【答案解析】本文分析了股票产生的根源及它的好处。
1. B。细节题。根据 This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through the Stock Exchange 可知那些公司运行的方法是通过出售股票来筹资，故选 B。
2. C。细节题。根据第 3 段的内容及关键句The government, local organizations and nationalized industries therefore frequently need to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to the Stock Exchange 可知所有的基础设施也不断需要金融资助，故选 C。
3. D。细节题。根据 There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance 可知股票交易所能为政府、当地组织及国家产业提供新的发展而需要的资金，故选 D。
4. D。词义猜测题。根据 Instead he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money 这句话可推知原来股票持有者只有通过股票交易所把股票卖给那些寻找赚钱的人，由此得知 D 为正确答案。
(20)
As the saying goes, nothing succeeds like success. People like to deal with a successful person. Why? You see there must be a reason why the person has achieved success. And most obviously it is because he is expert at what he is doing.
When given a chance, people would deal with the best. Naturally, the best way to produce a success is to do a lot of work. Your achievement and the fame it leads to will make it known to the public how good you really are. People will know this by your completed record or simply by recognizing it upon seeing you in action. Just as it becomes quite obvious that a man is a full-time tennis player when you see him play on the tennis court, it will become obvious that you are skilled in your work when people see you do your work. But many other image building ways are practical in producing a success image, as will be discussed in the following…
1. People like to deal with a successful person probably because _______. A. they hope to know the secret of being successful B. they don‟t believe what he has achieved C. they are eager to show respect to him D. they feel uncertain if he is an expert
2. How can we know how good a person is at his work? A. Work with him.
116
B. Study how he has achieved success. C. Just look at him doing his work.
D. Watch him playing tennis on the tennis court. 3. The passage mainly tells that _____. A. success image may come after success B. people like to deal with a successful person C. there are many image building ways
D. success image is or has been built in one‟s work (1—3 ACB)
【答案与解析】本文列举了人们对于成功的热衷态度，说明人们想学到成功的经验以便成功。
1. A。细节题。根据文章第 1 段倒数第 2 句 …there must be a reason why the person has achieved success 可推知此题答案为 A。
2. C。推断题。根据文章第 2 段第 4 句 People will know this by your completed record or simply by recognizing it upon seeing you in action 可推知此题答案为 C。
3. B。主旨题。根据文章第 1 段第 2 句 People like to deal with successful person 及全文内容可推知此题答案为 B。
(21)
For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. Some deal with the situation by watching TV. Some may hide. But all of them have something in common. They spend part of each day alone. They are called latchkey children. They‟re children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad condition has become a subject of concern.
Lynette Long was once the headmaster of an elementary school. She said, “We had a school rule against wearing jewelry. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys attached. I was constantly telling them to put them inside shirts. There were so many keys, it never came to my mind what they meant.” Slowly, she learned they were house keys.
She and her husband began talking to the children who had them. They learned of the impact(影响) working couples and single parents were having on their children. Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone. One in each three latchkey children the Longs talked to reported being scared. Many had nightmares and were worried about their own safety.
The most common way latchkey children deal with their fears is by hiding. It might be in a shower stall, under a bed in a closet. The second is TV. They‟ll often play it at high volume. It‟s hard to get statistics(情况, 材料)on latchkey children, the Longs learned. Most parents are slow to admit they leave their children alone.
1. The main idea about “latchkey children” is that they _______. A. are growing in numbers B. are also found in middle-class neighborhoods
117
C. watch too much television during the day D. suffer problems from being left alone
2. Which sentence in the second paragraph is the topic sentence? A. We had a school rule against wearing jewelry. B. A lot of kids had chains around their necks.
C. I was constantly telling them to put inside their shirts. D. They were house keys.
3. The main feeling these children have when they are at home by themselves is _______.
A. tiredness B. freedom C. loneliness D. fear 4. We may draw a conclusion that _______.
A. latchkey children enjoy having such a large amount of time alone B. latchkey children try to hide their feeling
C. latchkey children often watch TV with their parents D. it‟s difficult to find out how many latchkey children there are (1—4 DDDD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了美国一些“钥匙儿童”的生活情况这一社会问题。
1. D。主旨题。根据文章第 1 段第 5 句 They spend part of each day alone 及全文内容可推知此题答案为 D。
2. D。推断题。因为全文讲述的都是一些有关“钥匙儿童”的情况，再根据文章第 2 段最后一句 Slowly, she learned they were house keys 可推知此题答案为 D。
3. D。细节题。根据文章第 3 段第 3 句 Fear is the biggest problem faced by children at home alone 可推知此题答案为 D。
4. D。推断题。根据文章最后一段倒数第 2 句 It‟s hard to get statistics(情况, 材料) on latchkey children, the Longs learned 可推知此题答案为 D。
(22)
A businessman must keep records of the money he takes in and the money he spends. The work of keeping such records is called bookkeeping. The work of deciding how the records should be set up is called accounting. An accountant also finds out, by studying the records, whether or not a business is doing well. The accountant must know many things about the business.
Suppose a man owns a small clothing store, he keeps records that show that he spent money for newspaper advertising and for suits, shirts, shoes, and neckties to sell to his customers. He had to pay a young man to help him in the store. He also paid rent and had other expenses.
At the end of the year, he must take an inventory. That is, he counts how many pieces of clothing he has on hand. Then he must find out exactly how many he sold, how much money he took in, and how much money he spent in running the business. If he took in more than he spent, he made a profit for the year. If he spent more than he took in, he suffered a loss. He depends on his store accounting records
118
to get all this information.
The owner of a small clothing store can keep records without much trouble. But a big oil company or a big bank has many difficult accounting problems. The company must know how much money is to be paid by its debtors and how much it owes other companies for supplies. It must know how much it has lost in depreciation, or wear and tear of its equipment. All of this information must be kept in the company‟s accounts. Big companies employ many accountants.
After a company‟s accountants finish their yearly count, their work must be officially examined. Experts from outside company double-check the records to be sure the accounts are correct.
1. According to the passage, a clothing store owner needs to keep records of the money he spends for ______.
A. clothing only
B. newspaper advertising D. housing
C. all necessary expenses
2. After taking an inventory, if the owner found that he had got more money than he had spent, he made _______.
A. a profit B. a loss C. an income D. an interest 3. A small store owner can usually keep records _______. A. with difficulty C. without any help A. the work will be well done (1—4 CABD)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了企业内部管理的原理和必要性。 1. C。推断题。根据文章第二、三段可推知此题答案为 C。
2. A。细节题。根据文章第 3 段倒数第 3 句 If he took in more than he spent, he made a profit for the year 可推知此题答案为 A。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第 4 段第 1 句 The owner of a small clothing store can keep records without much trouble 可推知此题答案为 B。
4. D。细节题。根据文章最后一句 Experts from outside company double-check the records to be sure the accounts are correct 可推知此题答案为 D。
(23)
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born 100 years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who
119
B. easily D. without working B. no one will check it
4. In big companies, after the accountants finish the yearly count, _______. C. the records will be finished D. experts will check the records
could not keep up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary(当代的) societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement, somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older people have more illnesses than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare” if they have a serious illness.
When older people become senile (衰老的) or too weak and ill to care for themselves, they create grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and convalescent (疗养的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit making organizations, although some are sponsored by religious and other nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping (倒垃圾的) grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel.
1. The author believes that the population explosion results from _______. A. an increase in birthrates C. a decrease in death rates _______.
A. it was a moral responsibility for the families to keep alive the aged people who could not work
B. the survival of infants was less important than that of their parents in times of starvation
C. old people were given the task of imparting the cultural wisdom of the tribe to new generations
D. death was celebrated as a time of rejoicing for an individual freed of the hardships of life
3. According to the passage, which of the following statements about the old people in the United States is true?
A. Many of them live on social security money which is hardly enough. B. Minority of them remain in a state of near poverty after their retirement. C. When they reach a certain age, compulsory retirement is necessary and beneficial.
D. With the growing inflation, they must suffer more from unbearable burdens than ever.
120
B. the industrial development D. human beings‟ cultural advances
2. It can be inferred from the passage that in hunting and gathering cultures
4. The phrase “this need” in paragraph 3 refers to ________. A. prolonging the dying old people‟s lives
B. reducing the problems caused by the retired people C. making profits through caring for the sick or weak people D. taking care of the sick or weak people
5. Which of the following best describes the author‟s attitude toward most of the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals?
A. Sympathetic. B. Approving. C. Optimistic. D. Critical.
(1—5 CBADD)
【答案与解析】本文分析了人口增长的真正原因及美国的老年人问题。 1. C。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 …it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birthrates, that has led to the population explosion 可推知此题答案为 C。
2. B。推断题。根据文章第 2 段第 4 句 …infants might be allowed to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, where as if the parents survived they could have another child可推知此题答案为 B。
3. A。细节题。根据文章第 2 段倒数第 2 句In the United States many retired people live on social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty 可推知此题答案为 A。
4. D。推断题。根据其上文 …there is often no one at home who can care for a sick or weak person 可推知此题答案为 D。
5. D。推断题。根据文章最后一句 …most of them are simply “dumping grounds” for the dying in which “care” is given by poorly paid, overworked, and under skilled personnel 可推知此题答案为 D。
(24)
Most Americans get what money they have from their work; that is, they earn an income from wages or salaries. The richest Americans, however, get most of their money from what they own — their stocks, bonds, real estate, and other forms of property, or wealth. Although there are few accurate statistics to go by, wealth in American society appears to be concentrated in very few hands. More than 20 percent of everything that can be privately owned is held by less than one percent of the adult population and more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults. The plain fact is that most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings.
Income in the United States is not as highly concentrated as wealth. In 1917 the richest 10 percent of American families received 26.1 percent of all income, while the poorest 10 percent received 17 percent, mainly from Social Security and other government payments. The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II. Although economic growth has roughly doubled real disposable (可自由使用的) family income (the money left after taxes and adjusted for inflation) over the last generation, the size of
121
the shares given to the rich and the poor is about the same. By any measure economic inequality is great in the United States.
The reality behind these statistics is that a large number of Americans are poor. In 1918, 14 percent of the population was living below the federal government‟s poverty line, which at that time was an annual income of $ 9 287 for a nonfarm family of two adults and two children. In other words, about one out of seven Americans over 31 million people was officially considered unable to buy the basic necessities of food, clothes, and shelter. The suggested poverty line in 1981 would have been an income of about $11 200 for a family of four. By this relative definition, about 20 percent of the population or more than 45 million Americans are poor.
1. What does the majority of the Americans have in terms of wealth? A. Their income and savings.
B. Everything they own in their homes. C. Actually, they have no wealth at all.
D. Their house, cars and small amounts of savings.
2. What is the percentage of wealth that is in the hands of most Americans? A. More than 25%.
B. Less than 25%.
C. More than 75%. D. Less than 20%.
3. Why is economic inequality still great in the US in spite of the economic growth?
A. Because the proportion of income received by the rich and the poor remains almost the same as in 1917.
B. Because the economic growth has widened the gap of the family income between the rich and the poor.
C. Because income in the US is still concentrated in the hands of the richest 10% of American families.
D. Because some Americans made great fortunes during the Second World War.
4. What can we learn from comparison of the two poverty lines in the last paragraph?
A. The poverty line of 1918 is more favorable to the poor than that of 1981. B. The 1981 line didn‟t leave much to the poor.
C. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1981 line. D. There were more Americans who were officially poor by the 1918 line. 5. From the last two sentences we can see that 1981 government‟s poverty line _______.
A. was of no good for the poor C. was officially approved (1—5 DBACB)
【答案与解析】本文分析了美国财富的分配状况及其存在的问题。 1. D。细节题。根据文章第 1 段最后一句 …most Americans have no wealth at all aside from their homes, automobiles, and a small amount of savings 可推知
122
B. was not put into operation then D. was not helpful to the poor
此题答案为 D。
2. B。推断题。根据文章第 1 段倒数第 2 句 …more than 75 percent of all wealth is owned by 20 percent of American adults 可推知此题答案为 B。
3. A。推断题。根据文章第2段第2句 The most striking aspect of income distribution is that it has not changed significantly since the end of World War II 可推知此题答案为 A。
4. C。推断题。文章最后一段说：1981年与1918年所统计的贫困户的数量的比较。由此可知此题答案为 C。
5. B。推断题。根据文倒数第2句的虚拟语气可推知此题答案为 B。
(25)
Americans think that travel is good for you, some even think it can help one of the country‟s worst problems — crime. Crime worries a lot of people. Every year, the number of crimes goes up and up. And many criminals(罪犯) are young. They often come from sad homes, with only one parent or no parents at all.
There are many young criminals in prison. But prison doesn‟t change them. Six or seven in ten will go back to crime when they come out of prison. One man, Bob Burton, thought of a new idea. In the old days, young men had to live a difficult life on the road. They learned to be strong and brave, and to help their friends in time of danger. This helped them to grow into men. So Bob Burton started “Vision Quest”. He takes young criminals on a long, long journey with horses and wagons, 3 000 miles through seven states. They are on the road for more than a year.
The young people on Vision Quest all have had problems. Most of them have already spent time in prison. This is their last chance. It‟s hard work on the road. The day starts before the sun comes up. The boys and girls have to feed the horses. Some of them have never loved anyone before. But they can love their horses. That love can help them to a new life.
Not all the young people on Vision Quest will leave crime behind them. Three or four in ten will one day be in prison again. Bob Burton is right. Travel can be good for you. Even today, Americans still say, “Go west, young man.”
1. In paragraph 4 “leave crime behind them” means _______. A. no longer do a crime C. don‟t do all the crime
B. leave people who do a crime D. leave criminals behind
2. From the passage we may infer that _______.
A. getting up before the sun rises can help people out of crime B. loving can help young people to a new life C. traveling can help all criminals out of prison D. being brave and strong can do with crime
3. On “Vision Quest” _______. A. young people have bad problems B. young people grow tall very fast
123
C. young people often help their friends in time of danger D. all of the above
4. Americans still say, “Go west, young man”, because _______. A. if they go west they can have a travel B. in the west there is a prison
C. there they have to live a hard life to grow into men
D. the prison doesn‟t change them (1—4 ABCC)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了用旅途吃苦的方法改变罪犯收到了好的效果。 1. A。推断题。根据 Not all the young people on Vision Quest will leave crime behind them. Three or four in ten will one day be in prison again 同义结构，后一句是对前一句的解释，从而可推知此题答案为 A。
2. B。细节题。根据文章第 3 段最后一句 That love can help them to a new life 可推知此题答案为 B。
3. C。细节题。根据文章第 2 段第 6 句 They learned to be strong and brave, and to help their friends in time of danger 可推知此题答案为 C。
4. C。推断题。根据文章第 2 段第 5 句 …young men had to live a difficult life on the road可推知此题答案为 C。
(26)
BRITAIN is a popular tourist place. But tours of the country have pros and cons.
GOOD NEWS
Free museums. No charge for outstanding collections of art and antiquities. Pop music. Britain is the only country to rival(与„匹敌)the US on this score. Black cabs. London taxi drivers know where they are going even if there are never enough of them at weekends or night.
Choice of food. Visitors can find everything from Ethiopian to Swedish restaurants.
Fashion. Not only do fashion junkies love deeply and respect highly brand names such as Vivienne Westwood, Alexander McQueen; street styles are justly loved, too. BAD NEWS
Poor service. “It‟s part of the image of the place. People can dine out on the rudeness they have experienced,” says Professor Tony Seaton, of Luton University‟s International Tourism Research Center.
Poor public transport. Trains and buses are promised to defeat the keenest tourists, although the over crowded London tube is inexplicably(难以理解的) popular.
Lack of languages. Speaking slowly and clearly may not get many foreign visitors very far, even in the tourist traps(圈套). Rain. Still in the number one complaint.
No air-conditioning. So that even splendidly hot summers become as
124
unbearable as the downpours.
Overpriced hotels. The only European country with a higher rate of tax on hotel rooms is Denmark.
Licensing hours. Alcohol(酒) is in short supply after 11 pm even in “24-hour cities”.
1. What do tourists complain most? A. Poor service.
C. Rain. passage?
A. Pop music in Britain is better than that in the US. B. Pop music in Britain is as good as that in the US. C. Pop music in Britain is worse than that in the US. D. Pop music in Britain is quite different from that in the US. 3. When is alcohol not able to get?
A. At 9: 00 pm B. At 10: 00 pm C. At 11: 00 pm D. At 12: 00 pm 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. You have to pay to visit the museums. B. It‟s very cheap to travel by taxi there. C. You cannot find Chinese food there.
D. The public transport is poor there.
【答案与解释】本文从正、反两方面介绍了去英国旅游的方便与不便之处。 1. C。语义理解题。根据 Rain. Still in the number one complaint 可知答案为 C。
2. B。语义理解题。根据 Pop music. Britain is the only country to rival the US on this score可知答案选 B。
3. D。细节题。根据 Licensing hours. Alcohol is in short supply after 11 pm even in \"24-hour cities\" 可知答案选 D。
4. D。判断题。从 …Free museums. No charge for outstanding collections of art and antiquities 可知选项A是错误的；选项 C 可从 Choice of food. Visitors can find everything from Ethiopian to Swedish restaurants 中认定是错误的；依据 Poor public transport. Trains and buses are promised to defeat the keenest tourists, although the over crowded London tube is inexplicably popular 可判定选项 D 正确，而选项B文中没有提到。
(27)
Self-employed private physicians who charge a fee for each patient visit are the foundation of medical practice in the United States. Most physicians have a contract relationship with one or more hospitals in the community. They send their patients to this hospital, which usually charges patients according to the number of days they stay and the facilities(operating room, tests, medicines that they use). Some hospitals belong to a city, a state or, in the case of veteran's hospitals, a federal government agency. Others are operated by religious orders(教会) or other
125
B. Poor public transport.
D. Overpriced hotels.
2. What do we learn about pop music in Britain and the US through this
non-profit groups.
Some medical doctors are on salary. Salaried physicians may work as hospital staff members, or residents, who are often still in training. They may teach in medical schools, be hired by corporations to care for their workers or work for the federal government's Public Health Service.
Physicians are among the best paid professionals in the United States. In the 1980s, it was not uncommon for medical doctors to earn incomes of more than $ 100 000 a year. Specialists, particularly surgeons, might earn several times that amount. Physicians list many reasons why they deserve to be so well rewarded for their work. One reason is the long and expensive preparation required to become a physician in the United States. Most would be physicians first attend college for four years, which can cost nearly $ 20 000 a year at one of the best private institutions. Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years. Tuition alone can exceed $ 10 000 a year. By the time they have obtained their medical degrees, many young physicians are deeply in debt. They still face three to five years of residency(实习阶段) in a hospital, the first year as an apprentice physician. The hours are long and the pay is relatively low.
Setting up a medical practice is expensive, too. Sometimes several physicians will decide to establish a group practice, so they can share the expense of maintaining an office and buying equipment. These physicians also take care of each other's patients in emergencies.
Physicians work long hours and must accept a great deal of responsibility. Many medical procedures, even quite routine ones, involve risk. It is understandable that physicians want to be well rewarded for making decisions which can mean the difference between life and death.
1. According to the passage, it is very unlikely that an American hospital is owned by _______.
A. a church
B. a corporation
C. a city
D. a state
2. The expenses for becoming a doctor are spent on _______. A. schooling and retraining C. facilities he or she uses
B. practice in a hospital D. education he or she receives
3. According to the passage, how long does it take for a would-be physician to become an independent physician in the USA?
A. About seven years. C. Ten years.
B. Eight years. D. About twelve years.
4. Sometimes several physicians set up a group medical practice mainly because _______.
A. there are so many patients that it is difficult for one physician to take care all of them
B. they can take turns to work long hours
C. facilities may be too much of a burden for one physician to shoulder D. no one wants to assume too much responsibility
5. Which of the following statements could fully express the author's view
126
towards physicians‟ payment in the USA?
A. For their expensive education and their responsibility, they deserve a handsome pay.
B. It is reasonable for physicians to have a large income because their work is very dangerous.
C. Physicians should be better paid because they work long hours under bad conditions.
D. Physicians have great responsibility, so it is understandable that they should be well rewarded.
【答案与解释】在美国，医师是高报酬职业之一。这是由于他们需要较长时间的学习和高学费投入的缘故。
1. B。语义理解题。从第 1 段最后两句话中可得出答案。 2. D。主旨题。从第 3 段的最后部分中可得出答案。
3. D。计算题。从第 3 段的 Most would be physicians first attend college for four years… Prospective physicians then attend medical school for four years…They still face three to five years of residency 可知答案为 D。
4. C。细节题。从第 4 段第2句可找到答案。
5. A。主旨题。通读全文便知高额学费和职业风险是医师获得高报酬的原因。
(28)
TOKYO — Our kids, the Japanese government announced, have forgotten how to behave. They can‟t be bothered with housework. If they see someone being wronged, they probably look the other way.
Few countries have placed more importance on being well-behaved in public than Japan. The simplest requests for directions often result in guided tours. Smiling shopkeepers are still the rule. Lost wallets usually make their way to their owners.
But according to recent surveys(调查), all that may be going the way of the ancient hair-do(发式). And Japan‟s government has gone into something of a crisis mode(危机时刻).
A Japanese Education Ministry Survey formed late in 1999 and made public last month found that Japan moves behind other nations in teaching youngsters right from wrong.
It also reported that Japanese children are less helpful and do far less housework than their foreign peers(同龄人) in all classes. But they are better about taking dirty dishes to the kitchens after dinner.
In addition, Japanese kids are more likely to dry their hair and carry cell phones than American and Chinese kids, according to another survey, by a Tokyo-based tank(专家小组).
Children in about 8 per cent of public school classrooms are so disorderly that teachers cannot hold lessons, further recent reports show. children refuse to sit, to listen or to stop talking.
Older and middle-aged Japanese continue to have a solid sense of good
127
manners and social justice(正义, 公正), says Professor Yoshina Hirano from Shinshu University, who was appointed to direct the ministry‟s survey.
Despite the knowledge of good manners among adults, the breakdown in manners may be spreading, he said.
1. From the first paragraph, we can infer that _______. A. the Japanese government had gone bad B. kids in Japan have a bad memory
C. kids in Japan seldom help their parents with housework D. kids in Japan are too busy to help others
2. The second paragraph seems to show us that _______.
A. the education system of Japan is better than that of any other country B. shopkeepers in Japan are too kind to their customers C. Japanese kids often find wallets on their way to their schools D. Japanese adults in public places act politely to each other 3. It is implied(暗含) in this passage that Japanese kids _______. A. spending much time doing their homework B. lead an advanced modern life
C. have their hair cut too often D. often wash dishes after dinner
【答案与解析】本文指出尽管日本成年人很有礼貌，但日本小孩的不礼貌行为却在蔓延。
1. C。细节题。根据文章第1段第2句They can‟t be bothered with housework可知此题答案为C。
2. D。推断题。从第2段所描述的事情当中：在公共场所行为举止好、指路热心、微笑服务、拾金不昧可推知此题答案为D。
3. B。细节题。根据文章第6段的描述：dry their hair and carry cell phones可知此题答案为B。
(29)
Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.
Time is not very important in non-industrial societies. The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such non-industrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(时间表) based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日历), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other events. Frequently such a society measures days in terms of “sleeps” or longer periods in terms of “moons”. Some cultures, such as the Eskimos
128
of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.
Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”. For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed-upon time has arrived and the event can take place.
In contrast(成对比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, industrialized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently(well, quickly and without waste), for example, all of the workers must work at the same time. Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated(复杂的) societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.
1. By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means _______.
A. they live all over the world B. they are different from other animals
C. they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole D. they are divided into many groups
2. Time is not very important in non-industrial societies. This is because people in those societies _______.
A. don‟t have the word \"time\" in their languages B. don‟t get used to using clocks and other timepieces
C. don‟t measure time in their daily-lives around an exact time schedule D. don‟t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule 3. The Australian aborigines‟ way of “telling time” is based on _______.
A. the change of the sun rays
B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun C. the position of the stone D. the position of the tree or the cliff
4. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage? A. Time and Culture
B. The Measurement of Time C. Time Schedule and Daily Life
D. Clock, Calendar and Society
【答案与解释】人类是相对群居的。各个地区或国家的人们发展各自相对独立的文明。久而久之，有些方面就存在一些习惯差异，比如计时方式。
1. C。语义理解题。根据第 1 段第2句和第3句可知答案为 C。 2. D。细节题。从第 2 段第 3 句话可以找到答案。
129
3. A。语义理解题。根据第 3 段第3句可以做出正确选择。
4. A。主旨题。第1段最后一句话是本文的主题句。从这一句和整篇文章的内容可知此题答案为A。
十三、广告类
(1)
TODAY, Friday, November 12
JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen.
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.
SATURDAY, November 13
JAZZ Lysis at The Bull‟s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.
MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749.
FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.
JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull‟s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴). Tel: 789—4536
SUNDAY, November 14
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.
HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.
1. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio? A. At the Bull‟s Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday. C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.
2. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band? A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday. C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.
130
3. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?
A. 789—6749. 688—4626.
4. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?
A. Disco at The Lord Napier. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse. C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms. D. Jazz at The Bull‟s Head.
5. You want to spend the same day at two different places and don‟t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice?
A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull‟s Head. B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms. C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull.
D. Musical Hal lat The Star ＆Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.
【答案与解析】本文是广告，告知人们星期五至星期日的娱乐活动安排。 1. B。细节题。根据文章星期天的活动安排FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio.可推知此题答案为B。
2. A。细节题。根据文章星期五活动安排的第1句JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms.可推知此题答案为A。
3. B。细节题。根据星期六活动安排最后一句the electric accordion Tel: 789—4536可推知此题答案为B。
4. B。细节题。根据星期六活动安排第4行FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse.可推知此题答案为B。
5. C。细节题。根据星期天活动安排最后3段可知 FOLK MUSIC 在 The Derby Arms 演出，而 The Derby Arms 的地址是 Upper Richmond Road West. East Sheen，与 Heavy Music 在同一条街上。故选C。
(2) THYSSEN ELEVATORS is one of the leading elevators companies in the world with more than 120 branch companies around the globe. GUANGDONG THYSSEN ELEVATORS LTD. In Zhongshan produces high-quality elevators. We are offering the following positions: ● Plant Manager Excellent Senior Engineer with experience in this field to manage our plant in Zhongshan ● Senior Engineers (Mechanical and Electrical) For production and Engineering Department, good command of Internet ● Junior positions For those who wish for success ● One purchaser(购货员) Preferably with experience in a mechanical engineering company and international markets ● Cost Accountant(会计)
131
B. 789—4536. C. 682—1158. D.
5 years experience in mechanical factory costing, good knowledge in Office 95, CET level. For these senior level Positions, we expect preferable a university degree or an excellent job Record. 3-5 years of experience on the job and good command of English. If you are ready to work with us, we will offer attractive salary packet and bright future. THYESSEN GUANDONG THYESSEN ELEVATORS LTD LONGHCAN HUANCHENG Zhongshan(5284655) Guangdong Province (1) Secretary ● University graduate ● Good at English speaking, writing＆translating ● Good PC knowledge and typing skill ● Pleasant character with good personal skill (2) Accountants ● College or university graduate ● Good command of English and PC operation ● Work experience (3) Production Trainees ● College or university graduate ● Food engineering／machinery or chemistry ● Good command of English ● 1－2 years experience in food factory ● Leadership ability and PC knowledge (4) Production workers ● Polytechnic school(中专) graduate ● Food technology or chemistry ● Knowledge of basic English ●1-2 years experience in food factory NESTLE DONGGUAN NESTLE COMPANY LTD
1. If you don‟t know how to use a computer, you had better ask for the position of _______.
A. a secretary in NESTLE
B. a production worker in NESTLE D. a cost accountant in THYSSEN
C. a senior engineer in THYSSEN
2. From the passage we can learn that _______.
A. THYSSEN is a successful company with many branches B. NESTLE is a company only producing chemical products C. NESTLE asks for good command of English in every Position D. THYSSEN needs a senior sales manager to sell its products in Asia 3. As a graduate from university this year, you can probably get a job as _______.
A. a cost accountant in THYSSEN
132
B. a purchaser in THYSSEN
C. a secretary in NESTLE D. an accountant in NESTLE
【答案与解析】这是两篇广告，一篇是电梯公司的人才招聘广告，另一篇则是食品公司的人才招聘广告。
1. B。细节题。因为a secretary in NESTLE 要求有typing skill，而 a senior engineer in THYSSEN要求有good command of Internet，a cost accountant in THYSSEN要求有good knowledge in Office 95，只有a production worker in NESTLE不要求懂电脑。
2. A。语义理解题。从第一篇广告的第1句话THYSSEN ELEVATORS is one Of the leading elevators companies in the world with more than 120 branch companies around the globe.可以明显看出应选A。
3. C。细节题。因为只有a secretary in NESTLE不要求有工作经历。
十四、医学类
(1)
Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays. They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health.
In ancient Greece people knew about the healing(治疗) powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in artificially (人造地) produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people.
A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Lysine. Lysine is a small village high up in the Alps. The position is important: the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the infra-red (红外线的) and ultra-violet (紫外线的) rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Roller found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis with his “sun-cure”.
There were a large number of children in Dr. Roller‟s hospital. He decided to start a school where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full.
In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the snow until they reached a slope which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out their desks and chairs, and school began.
Although they wore hardly any clothes, Roller‟s pupils were very seldom cold.
133
That was because their bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm.
Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places.
1. According to the passage, when did sunlight begin to play a more important part in the treatment of disease?
A. From ancient times. C. Not until this century. third paragraphs?
A. Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.
B. Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment. C. Because they were both famous European doctors. D. Because they used sunlight in very different ways.
3. Dr Roller set up a “sun-cure” school probably for the reason that _______. A. most children could stay in his hospital B. children could study while being treated C. the school was expected to be full of pupils D. the school was high up in the mountains
4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage? A. “Sun-cure” schools are becoming popular everywhere.
B. Switzerland is the only country where “sun-cure” schools are popular. C. Proper conditions are necessary for the running of a “sun-cure” school. D. “Sun-cure” schools are found in countries where there is a lot of sunshine. (1—4 BABC)
【答案与解析】本文介绍了利用日光治病的历史与发展。
1. B。细节题。根据文章第 2 段第 2 句 At the end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain diseases… 可推知此题答案为 B。
2. A。推断题。根据文章第二、三段可推知此题答案为 A。
3. B。推断题。根据文章第 4 段第 2 句 …where sick children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn 可推知此题答案为 B。
4. C。推断题。根据文章最后一句 Switzerland is not the only country which has the right conditions… 可推知此题答案为 C。
(2)
The common cold is the world‟s most widespread illness, which is plagues(疫病) that flesh receives.
The most widespread fallacy(谬误) of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses(病毒) passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who
134
B. At the end of the nineteenth century. D. Only very recently.
2. Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and
already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp(奥斯维辛集中营), naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter？Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.
No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors(止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms(症状).
1. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument. A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 3
2. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage? A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time. B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors. D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one. 3. Arctic explorers may catch colds when _______. A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
4. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot
B. never caught colds D. became very strong
C. often caught colds
5. The passage mainly discusses _______. A. the experiments on the common cold B. the fallacy about the common cold C. the reason and the way people catch colds
135
D. the continued spread of common colds
【答案解析】本文通过大量事例证明感冒不是由寒冷引起的， 而是由病毒感染引起的。
1. B。细节题。根据由第 2 段的两个例子、第 3 段的 1 个例子和第 4 段的两个例子可知 B 为正确选项。
2. C。细节题。 根据 One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on 可知人们得感冒不是因为喜欢呆在家里，而是因为经常呆在一起病毒更容易感染，故选 C。
3. D。细节题。根据 And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes 可知北极地区探险者是因为与外界接触后才得感冒的，故选 D。
4. A。细节题。根据 After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion 可知志愿者要遭受极大的痛苦，故选 A。
5. C。主旨题。阅读全文可知本文首先用大量事例从不同的侧面分析感冒不是由寒冷引起的，最后提出冬天得感冒的可能原因。由此可知 C 为正确答案。
十五、其他类
(1)
Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Cognitive(认知学派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others.
The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educators. But the careful use of small monetary(金钱的) rewards sparks creativity in grade-school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements(刺激) indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
“If kids know they‟re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it‟s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.” A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failing grades.
136
In earlier grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.
1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward______. A. the choice between spiritual encouragement and monetary rewards B. the amount of monetary rewards for students‟ creativity
C. the study of relationship between actions and their consequences D. the effects of external rewards on students‟ performance
2. What is the response of many educators to external rewards for their students?
A. They have no doubts about them. B. They have doubts about them. C. They approve them. D. They avoid talking about them.
3. Which of the following can best raise students‟ creativity according to Robert Eisenberger?
A. Assigning them tasks they have not dealt with before. B. Assigning them tasks which require inventiveness. C. Giving them rewards they really deserve. D. Giving them rewards they anticipate.
4. It can be inferred from the passage that major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _________.
A. rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B. punishment is more effective than rewarding
C. failing uninspired students help improve their overall academic standards D. discouraging the students‟ anticipation for easy rewards is a matter of urgency
5. The phrase underlined “token economies” probably refers to _________. A. ways to develop economy B. systems of rewarding students
C. approaches to solving problems D. methods of improving performance 【答案解析】文章讨论了人们关于奖励的两种不同观点。
1. D。细节题。根据文章第一句Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation, and creativity. 可知D为最佳答案。
2. B。推理判断题。首先在文章的第一段作者提出了关于外部奖赏的两种观点。其中第二种观点是认知学家的研究者们认为这种奖赏通常会使得人们对别人的赞同和奖励形成依赖性，从而破坏人们的创造力，而文章的第二段接着说许多教育家们赞同这种观点，也就是持怀疑态度，由此可知B是正确答案。
3. C。推理判断题。短文第三段提到孩子们是为了获得奖赏而从事一项具有挑战性的工作创造力最强，而如果对那些效果很差的行为也给予奖赏则会扼杀创造力，可见他们观点是应该给孩子们他们确实应该得到的奖赏。
4. A。推理判断题。短文第三段提到如果一个老师对很一般的表现也给予奖赏就会导致学生缺乏创造力，可见A为最佳答案。
5. B。词义猜测题。根据下面的解释in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards,可知B为最
137
佳答案。
(4)(高三适用) 说理类（高利平）
Doomed beauties such as Cleopatra and Manilyn Monroe were far from alone in their misery. Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying than those enjoyed by plain Janes. According to research by Dr John Blaine of the University of Southern California, relationships between people whose professions largely depend on their appearances, such as models or actors, tend to end much faster than those between lawyers, doctors or students.
Blaine said the beautiful felt different from childhood. They are treated as special, which may create both arrogance(傲慢) and insecurity. All too often, beauty can be used as an alternative to education. Often they are pushed out of their class or town, told to go off and make their fortune in Hollywood or London and, when the majority fail, they have few talents(才能) to make a living.
Blaine added that beautiful people score poorly on the “big five” — the key factors American experts consider when helping distressed couples. These are neuroticism(神经过敏), including anger and anxiety; extroversion(性格外向); openness to new experiences; agreeableness; and conscientiousness, or sticking by agreements they have made. Attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their looks start to fade.
Krista Sutherland, of the University of California Los Angeles, said partnerships that appeared to be perfect from the outside, such as the former “dream teams” of Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise or Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley, where backgrounds and aspirations(抱负) are often shared, did not necessarily lead to happiness.
1. What does the underlined sentence “Doomed beauties such as Cleopatra and Manilyn Monroe were far from alone in their misery. ” means?
A. Beautiful women always felt lonely. B. Beautiful women always were alone.
C. Many beautiful women didn‟t end up with a happy life. D. Beautiful women always lived a happy life.
2. The underlined phrase “plain Janes” in the passage refer to ________. A. ordinary-looking women B. women called Jane C. common people D. attractive women 3. We can infer in the passage that ________.
A. Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley were a couple
B. Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise were very satisfied with their life
C. When they fail in Hollywood, the beautiful have little trouble in making a living
D. The marriage of the beautiful often last long 4. Which of the following is the best title?
A. Five key factors affecting the partnership B. Beauties are doomed to fail in love
138
C. Beauties or common? D. The beautiful are different.
【答案解析】本文为议论文，作者论证了这样一个观点：美女婚姻并非美满。
1. C。句意理解题。这句话的意思是“像克莱奥帕特拉和玛丽莲·梦露般美丽的女人却命运悲惨，而且这种情况并不罕见。”故选C。
2. A。猜测词义题。Jane在英语当中是一个非常普通常见的女性名词，在此用复数形式指代相貌一般的女性。
3. A。推测判断题。partnerships一般指的是伙伴或伴侣关系，再结合短文主题可知 partnerships that appeared to be perfect from the outside 中的 partnerships 在此表示肯定是“伴侣关系”。文章后面马上列举了 Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley的例子，来说明作者“在外人看来完美无缺的伴侣关系却未必带来幸福快乐”的观点。故 Hugh Grant 和 Elizabeth Hurley 是夫妻关系。
4. B。主旨大意题。短文第一段的最后一句Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying than those enjoyed by plain Janes. 是全文的主题句。这句话的意思是：美艳绝伦的女人比起容貌一般的女人更易遭受既不称心又不稳定的情侣关系。故B项(美貌女人注定要情场失意)为最佳标题。
(21) 其他类 S3（刘松）
About a hundred yards along the path we came to a deep valley, on the far side of which the path led into some very thick bushes, rather than push through up again and rejoin the path on the far side of the bushes.
As I climbed down into the valley a bird flew off a rock on which I had put my hand. On looking at the spot from which the bird had risen I saw two eggs. They were a kind that I did not have in my collection, so I placed them carefully in my bag, wrapped in a little dry grass.
As we went further down the valley the sides became steeper(陡峭) and not far from where I had entered it came to drop of about twelve to fourteen feet. The water that rushed down all these small valleys in the rainy season had worn the rock as glass. As it was too deep to climb down, I handed my gun to one of them and slid down it. My feet had hardly touched the sandy bottom when the two men jumped down, one on each side of me. They quickly gave me the gun and asked me if I had heard the tiger. In fact, I had heard nothing, possibly because of the noise I made sliding down the rock. The men said they had heard a tiger growling somewhere nearby, but they did not know from which direction the noise had come.
1. According to the passage we know that _______. A. the writer decided to push through the thick bushes B. the writer decided to walk along the valley C. the writer wanted to stop climbing D. the writer tried to find two eggs
2. When the writer found the eggs, he _______. A. wrapped them in dry grass and went on
B. wrapped them in dry grass and took them with him C. tried to find the bird
139
D. made the bird fly off
3. The reason why the rock was hard to get down was that _______. A. it had been worn smooth C. it was wet and slippery (滑) A. a tiger had run away C. the men had seen a tiger
B. there was no grass on it D. it was soft and sandy B. a tiger was close to them
4. At the end of the story, the writer knew that _______.
D. a tiger had seen them
【答案与解析】本文记述了与朋友一起去山谷的经历。 1. B。细节题。根据第1段第1句可推知此题答案为 B。
2. B。细节题。根据第2段最后一句 So I placed them carefully in my bag, wrapped in a little dry grass 可推知此题答案为 B。
3. A。细节题。根据第3段第2句 …had worn the rock as glass 可推知此题答案为 A。
4. B。细节题。根据文章最后一句they had heard a tiger growling somewhere nearby可推知此题答案为B。
(2) 适合高三 其他类(胡继云)
When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things; when you alone observe one behavior or one person at two different times, you may see different things. The following are only some of the factors that lead to these varying perceptions(感知, 认知):
(1) Each person‟s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education and personal experiences.
(2) Sometimes perceptions differ because of what we choose to observe and how we deal with what we‟ve observed. It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, or you may focus(聚焦) primarily on the situation or role relationship. Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers.
(3) Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don‟t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, or temporary emotional states. This is a process known as selective perception. Selective perception is obviously more difficult when contradictory(矛盾的) information is particularly obvious, but it can be done. We can ignore(忽视) the misdeed — “He‟s basically a good boy so what I saw was not shoplifting(入店行窃).” We can reduce the importance of the contradictory information— “All kids are naughty. Taking a book from the bookstore isn‟t such a big deal.” We can change the meaning of the contradictory information — “It wasn‟t shoplifting because he was going to pay for it later.” …
1. The first factor given by the author that affects our perception is _______. A. what we see and what we hear
B. cultural background and personal experiences C. experiences one learns from others
140
D. critical measures taken by other people 2. While one observes a particular person, _______. A. he is likely to take everything into consideration B. he pays more attention to the person's advantages C. children often differ from grown-ups in perception D. his perception may be affected by other people's opinions
3. Observation of the same person by two people at the same time may differ because _______.
A. their measuring standards are not the same B. either of them may be slow to catch information C. the time for observation is not long enough
D. each of them uses different languages to express his / her impressions 4. The worst thing in selective perception is that ________. A. perceived information runs against your desire B. it contains some private feelings that may be wrong C. importance of the contradictory information can be praised D. the same information may not be dealt with in the same way
【答案与解析】人们对事物的看法和观点是不同的，因为人们有不同的文化背景、不同的个人经历以及不同的个人目的等。
1. B。语义理解题。根据文章第2段Each person‟s perceptions of others are formed by his or her own cultural conditioning education, and personal experiences.可以做出正确判断。
2. D。细节题。根据It is not necessarily true that a person's perception is based on observations of a particular person. Your observations may be totally controlled by what others have told you about this person, …可推知答案为D。
3. A。语义理解题。根据第1段第1句When several different people look at the same person, it is not unusual for each of them to see different things 以及第3段的最后一句 Most people do not use the same standard to measure their parents, their friends and strangers 可知答案为A。
4. B。推断题。根据第4段第1句 Sometimes we see only what we want to see or don‟t see what may be obvious to others because of our own needs, desires, …可推知答案为B。
(38) S3 经历描述（刘松）
Out on the road the jeep already waiting. As I got on beside him, he sat up and started the engine. In a few minutes we were out of the town and heading with great speed in the direction of Bacalar. My hat blew away but when I asked him to stop, he refused. We were being followed by spies and it was necessary to drive fast to throw them off.
The hard and unsmooth surface of the road made the jeep weave. To the danger of being shot off the bank was added the discomfort, the cold, for at the speed we were travelling the air cut through my cotton shirt and trousers. I asked the driver to go slower, adding as an excuse that I wanted to look out for wild
141
animals. He replied that the faster we drove the better our chance of coming up with them before they could run away. He had hardly spoken when the jeep struck a rain-filled pit, which splashed a sheet of muddy water over the windscreen. Blinded, he stopped the jeep with one wheel over the bank. When we got going again it was at a speed little faster than a walking pace.
1. While they were driving towards Bacalar the author _______.
A. asked the driver to drive fast because they were being followed by spies B. threw off his hat
C. refused to stop because they were being followed by spies D. asked the driver to stop for his hat
2. The author asked the driver to go slower because ________. A. he wanted to look for wild animals
B. he was frightened that they might have an accident C. his shirt and trousers had blown away D. he had cut himself
3. They continued at a speed little faster than a walking pace because ______. A. the driver had been blinded B. the jeep had struck a pit
C. one of the wheels had fallen over the bank D. they had barely avoided an accident 4. “He had hardly spoken.” means ______. A. he had shouted
B. he had spoken very softly D. he had only said a few words
C. he had just finished speaking
【答案与解析】本文记述了作者为了摆脱特务的跟踪，而冒险驱车的经历。 1.D。细节题。根据文章第1段第4句：我的帽子掉了，我叫他停车，可推知：作者叫司机停车是为了捡帽，此题答案为D。
2.B。细节题。根据第2段第2句To the danger of being shot off the bank was added the discomfort, the cold… 可推知此题答案为B。
3.D。细节题。根据最后一段倒数第2句：由于看不见，他把车停下来，一只轮胎已离开河岸，可知：差一点儿出了车祸，可推知此题答案为D。
4.C。理解题。短语hardly … when 的意思是“一…就…”，由此可推知此题答案为C。
142
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容