2022年考研考博-考博英语-暨南大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.
问题1选项
A.genius
B.virus
C.disease
D.bacteria
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。genius“天才”；virus“病毒”；disease“疾病”；bacteria“细菌”， 根据destroyed files in computers“破坏电脑中的文件”，可知此处说的是电脑病毒。句意：米丽莎是一种电脑……，它能够摧毁电脑中的文件，困扰了成千上万的全球用户。故正确答案为选项B。
2.
D.fatal
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项compassionate“慈悲的，富于同情心的”；B选项fragile “脆的，易碎的”；C选项stubborn“固执的”；D选项fatal“致命的，重大的”。句意：大部分男人对于女人都有一个刻板的观念，那就是女人天生体格方面弱，思想方面（固执）。句中 …mind 与frail constitutions相对应，根据句意，stubborn“固执的”用来修饰题中女人的思想正确。因此C选项符合题意。
3.
单选题
Most men hold a stereotyped conception of women that the female are born with frail constitutions as well as a（ ）mind.
问题1选项
A.compassionate
B.fragile
C.stubborn
单选题
The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools.
问题1选项 A.negligent
B.edible
C.fabulous
D.disproportionate
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理……竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。
4.
单选题
The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）we had to stop for refreshments.
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
问题1选项
A.at large
B.at ease
C.at random
D.at intervals
【答案】D
【解析】考查词组辨析。at large“详尽的；整个的”；at ease“安逸”；at random“任意的”；at intervals“不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有at intervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须……的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。
5.
6.
单选题
More often than not, readers are just under the（ ）plots of science fictions and detective stories.
问题1选项
A.implicit
B.intricate
C.obedient
D.instinctual
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项implicit“含蓄的，暗示的”；B选项intricate“错综复杂的”；C选项obedient“顺从的，服从的”；D选项instinctual“本能的”。句意：通常情况下，读者只是置身在科幻小说和侦探小说（错综复杂）的情节之下。此处填入空格的形容词是用来修饰plots（情节）。结合句意“错综复杂的”修饰情节意思正确。因此B选项符合句意。
单选题
It is essential to be on the（ ）for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area.
问题1选项
A.guard
B.care
C.alert
D.alarm
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配。根据句意可知此处要填一个词与be on the ... for构成搭配，表示“警惕、提防”的意思，care和alarm都不能与之构成搭配，be on the alert for是固定搭配表示“警惕、提防”的意思，guard通常的用法是be on guard for，guard的前面不需要加定冠词the，所以此处应该选择alert，故正确答案为选项C。
7.
单选题
Last week the financial manager asked for a（ ）to Beijing branch, which was just set up three months ago.
问题1选项
A.transfer
B.transmission
C.transformation
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她 D.transport
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijing branch, 因此A选项正确。
8.
单选题
Many advantages come with being a first-born child. First-borns tend to make more money than their younger siblings; they are more likely to earn advanced degrees, and they have slightly better odds of becoming presidents, prime ministers, and Nobel laureates. They even have longer life expectancy than later-born siblings.
There is yet another advantage: First-born children show better second language skills than later-born children. At least this was the finding of new research in last month’s issue of Frontiers in Psychology.
The study, led by Dr. Karin Keller of Switzerland’s University of Basel, examined the second language skills of 1209 immigrant children between the ages of two-and-a-half and three from Switzerland’s German-speaking region of Basel. The study was administered via mail; parents filled out a survey asking them to assess their child’s German language ability. They also reported demographic information such as how many other children were in the household, birth order, number of books in the household, and parental language skills.
The findings of the study are as the following. First, children with more siblings exhibited worse second language skills than children with fewer siblings. This makes some sense; one might imagine that larger immigrant families are more likely to propagate the communication styles of their home country. Furthermore, more children means less time for parents to develop their children’s second language abilities.
Second, the researchers found that first-born children exhibited a minor, but statistically significant, advantage in their second language abilities.
When explaining the causes for the language ability differences, the researchers suggest that the differences have more to do with environmental factors. They cite a “resource dilution model”, in which first-born children benefit from a greater parental resource investment. The researchers write, “Every additional sibling means a reduction in the share of resources allocated to each child, thus reducing the foundations of their intellectual development.” Keller and her team of researchers, however, were quick to put this finding in context. They note that the effect is quite small; they were only able to find it because of the study’s large sample size. Furthermore, exposure to early education institutions offset the effect of birth order on second language acquisition. This, in the researchers’ minds, is the key takeaway from this study.
Keller and her colleagues write, “Considering that families from immigrant backgrounds have fewer financial resources, and that these resources influence the children’s level of development. It seems all the more important that immigrant families with many children are financially supported so that their children are offered the best opportunities possible for their academic careers. Given the results of this study, promoting the attendance of early education institutions is an efficient way of achieving this goal.” 6. What do we know about first-born children? 7. What does the study of Dr. Karin Keller find?
8. What is one of the reasons for language ability differences between first-borns and later-borns?
9. What is the important information from the study according to the researchers? 10. What is suggested to help the immigrant families?
问题1选项
A.They are more helpful with housework.
B.They have a shorter lifespan.
C.They seem to be stronger. D.They tend to be better off.
问题2选项
A.Parents with more children tend to spend less time with them.
B.Immigrant families pay less attention to their children’s language ability.
C.Children with fewer siblings have better second language skills.
D.Children with more siblings have more chance to practice a second language.
问题3选项
A.Genetic factor.
B.Parenting model.
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她 C.Resource allocation.
D.Sibling competition.
问题4选项
A.Immigrant backgrounds can influence children’s second language ability.
B.Early education can make up for birth order effect on second language acquisition.
C.Children’s intellectual development is important for second language learning.
D.The birth order effect on second language acquisition depends on the sample size.
问题5选项
A.Giving financial support to those with fewer resources.
B.Offering more opportunities for the development of parents.
C.Calling on education institutions to offer free courses.
D.Carrying out more studies on language acquisition abilities.
【答案】第1题:D 第2题:C 第3题:C 第4题:B 第5题:A
【解析】6.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“First-borns tend to make more money than their younger siblings; they are more likely to earn advanced degrees, and they have slightly better odds of becoming presidents, prime ministers, and Nobel laureates. They even have longer life expectancy than later-born siblings.（第一个出生的孩子往往比他们的弟弟妹妹赚更多的钱；他们更有可能获得高级学位，他们成为总统、总理和诺贝尔奖获得者的几率略高。他们甚至比后来出生的兄弟姐妹寿命更长。）”，由此可推断出先出生的孩子往往境况更好。A选项“他们在家务方面更有帮助”文章没有提到；B选项“他们的寿命较短”说法错误；C选项“他们看起来更强壮”文中也没有提到；D选项“他们往往比较富裕”正确。A、B、C选项均不符合题意，因此D选项正确。 7.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“First, children with more siblings
exhibited worse second language skills than children with fewer siblings.（首先，兄弟姐妹多的孩子比兄弟姐妹少的孩子表现出更差的第二语言能力。）”，由此可知兄弟姐妹少的孩子的第二语言能力比较强。A选项“孩子多的父母与孩子相处的时间往往更少”；B选项“移民家庭对孩子的语言能力关注较少”；C选项“兄弟姐妹较少的孩子有更好的第二语言能力”；D选项“有更多兄弟姐妹的孩子有更多的机会练习第二语言”，A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。 8.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第六段写到：They cite a “resource dilution model”, in which first-born children benefit from a greater parental resource investment. The researchers write, “Every additional sibling means a reduction in the share of resources allocated to each child, thus reducing the foundations of their intellectual development.”（他们引用了一个“资源稀释模型”，在这个模型中，第一个出生的孩子受益于父母更多的资源投资。研究人员写到，“每增加一个兄弟姐妹意味着分配给每个孩子的资源份额减少，从而减少了他们智力发展的基础。”）。由此可知先后出生的孩子在资源分配上存在着差异。A选项“遗传因素”；B选项“教育模式”；C选项“资源分配”；D选项“兄弟姐妹竞争”。A、B、D选项均不符合题意，因此C选项正确。 9.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第七段“Furthermore, exposure to early education institutions offset the effect of birth order on second language acquisition. This, in the researchers’ minds, is the key takeaway from this study.（此外，接触早教机构抵消了出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响。在研究人员看来，这是这项研究的关键。）”，由此可知研究中最关键的发现就是早期教育可以帮助弥补出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响。A选项“移民背景会影响儿童的第二语言能力”；B选项“早期教育可以弥补出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响”；C选项“儿童的智力发展对第二语言学习很重要”；D选项“出生顺序对第二语言习得的影响取决于样本量”。A、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此B选项正确。 10.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“Considering that families from immigrant backgrounds have fewer financial resources, and that these resources influence the children’s level of development. It seems all the more important that immigrant families with many children are financially supported so that their children are offered the best opportunities possible for their academic careers.（考虑到移民家庭的经济资源较少，而这些资源会影响孩子的发展水平。似乎更重要的是，有很多孩子的移民家庭得到经济上的支持，这样他们的孩子就能在学术生涯中获得最好的机会。）”，由此可知移民家庭需要经济资源的支持。A选项“向资源较少的人提供财政支持”；B选项“为父母提供更多的发展机会”；C选项“呼吁教育机构提供免费课程”；D选项“开展更多的语言习得能力研究”。B、C、D选项均不符合题意，因此A选项正确。
9.
单选题
To do this job well, you must be（ ）not only in English, but also in computer programming.
问题1选项
A.efficient
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
B.effective
C.proficient
D.beneficial
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项efficient“有效率的”；B选项“有效的，起作用的”；C选项“熟练的，精通的”；D选项“有益的”。句意：为做好这项工作，你不但要在英语上而且在计算机编程方面都……。综合句意和语义，此处填proficient“熟练的，精通的”。因此C选项符合题意。
10.
单选题
He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to（ ）.
问题1选项
A.suffice
B.satisfy
C.gratify
D.delight
【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。suffice“足够；足以”；satisfy“满意；令人满意”；gratify“使满足”；delight“高兴；使高兴”，在经过和他老板谈话之后他觉得可以接收5%的涨薪，将涨薪25%与涨薪5%相比，5%只可以说是够的，可以接受的。句意：他原想涨薪25%，但是经过与他老板谈话之后，他决定涨5%就……。故正确答案为选项A。
11.
单选题
The drug store at the corner of our street sells aspirins and（ ）penicillin prescriptions.
问题1选项
A.dispenses
B.disposes
C.disperses
D.dispatches
【答案】A
【解析】考查同形词义辨析。dispenses“分配；分发”；disposes“处理；安排”；disperses “分散；使散开”；dispatches“派遣；分派”，此句中and一词连接了两个动作，所以此处要填的动词应该与sells是对应的，按照常识，药店除了会卖药之外，也会分发一些药品，所以此处应该选择一个表示“分发”的动词。句意：在我们这条街街角处有一个药店售卖阿司匹林并且……青霉素的处方。因此可知A选项正确。
12.
单选题
The essay lacks（ ）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.
问题1选项
A.subsistence
B.pregnancy
C.fertility
D.coherence
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项coherence“一致，连贯性”。句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她 者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。因此D选项符合题意。
13.
翻译题
Direction: Translate the following English passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.
Once an employee wants to work abroad he must have a clear mind that his success and expertise home do not mean he can continue his excellence at his overseas branch because of the cultural environment as well as his adaptability. Thinking difference instead of professional experience plays an important role for U.S. business people success at foreign market. Values, attitude, and buying preference and their related information have to be adapted and altered from top management to average workers in the course of tapping foreign markets. For international business, the firms in U.S. have to redetermine their marketing strategy and tactics which generally contrary to what they have done at their home markets based on their knowledge of the targeting countries’ culture context. American business persons have to understand that cultural variable influence international business enterprises so they are required to place highly priority to communicate with the foreign people for mutual understanding besides their business activities.
【答案】如果一名员工想出国工作，他必须要弄清楚的是，由于文化环境的差异和他自身适应能力的影响，他在国内的成功和专业并不能保证他能在国外的分公司也一样的表现优秀。在国外市场上，美国商务人员的成功取决于思维差异而不是专业经验。在开发国外市场的进程中，价值观、态度和购买偏好以及与这些相关的信息从高层主管到普通职工之间不尽相同，需要我们去适应。在国际商务中，美国的企业需要根据他们对目标国文化的了解来重新调整他们的市场策略与战术，这些战略经常会与他们在国内市场采用的相反。美国的商人必须了解文化差异对国际企业的影响，所以他们需要高度重视与外国朋友在商业活动外的交流，以促进相互理解。
14.
A.routine
B.nutrition
C.provision
D.expense
【答案】D 【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项routine“惯例”；B选项nutrition“营养”；C选项provision“规定，条款”；D选项expense“开销，费用，损失，代价”。句意：无论你是为了吃而活，还是为了活而吃，食物都是每个家庭的预算当中一项主要的开销。根据后半句提到的family’s budget家庭预算，可知该处选择D选项expense“开销”符合句意。因此D选项正确。
15.
单选题
Whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major（ ）in every family’s budget.
问题1选项
单选题 The rebel army（ ）the democratic government of the country lawlessly.
问题1选项
A.overthrew
B.overtook
C.overturned
D.overruled
【答案】A
【解析】同形词辨析题。overthrew“打倒；推翻”；overtook“追上；赶上”；overturned“推翻；倾覆”；overruled“驳回；否决”，根据rebel army“叛军”和lawlessly“非法地”可知此处应该是指叛军推翻了民主政府，所以答案从选项A和选项C之间选；overturn主要是指某种具体事物在位置上的颠倒，或者是指推翻某种已有的理论或者制度；overthrow主要是指用武力推翻某种制度或者机构，所以此处用overthrow比较恰当，故正确答案为选项A。
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
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