常见前后缀归纳

前缀 un- in-, il-, im-, ir- dis- mis- re- fore- pre- post- a- co- inter- mid- super- en - 名词后缀 -er, -or 人 意义 不，未 不，非，无 例子 comfortable - uncomfortable able – unable fair – unfair successfully – unsuccessfully certain – uncertain legal – illegal complete – incomplete possible – impossible regularly - irregularly 否定，相反，分离 courage – discouraged advantage – disadvantage agree – disagree appear – disappear like - dislike 错误 再一次 在前面 在前，事先 在后边 在…上，向 联合，共同 相互 中间 超级 意义 lead – mislead fortune – misfortune understand - misunderstand new – renew build – rebuild write – rewrite born – reborn tell - retell see – foresee tell – foretell forehead forecast view – preview school – preschool post-graduate postwar post - dated asleep aloud across education – coeducation operate – cooperate exist - coexist net – internet national – international class - interclass night – midnight day – midday term - midterm superman danger – endanger large – enlarge 例子 direct – director survive – survivor compete – competitor operate – operator employ – employer custom – customer behave – behavior act – actor perform – performer rescue – rescuer report – reporter translate - translator engine – engineer volunteer host – hostess wait - waitress music – musician physic - physician art –artist social – socialist real – realist journal – journalist art – artist science – scientist reception – receptionist physic – physicist special – specialist tour – tourist heat – heater cook – cooker calculate – calculator contain – container dry – dryer draw -drawer use – usage marry – marriage post – postage short - shortage -eer -ess -ician -ist 人 女性 专家 主义者 -er, -or -age -ure -ity 物 状态，费用 行为，过程，结果 mix – mixture create – creature fail – failure press - pressure 性质，状态，程度 responsible – responsibility real – reality active – activity electric – electricity curious – curiosity nation – nationality major – majority opportunity 行为，结果，工具 disagree – disagreement govern – government advertise – advertisement employ – employment argue – argument achieve – achievement enjoy – enjoyment state – statement entertain – entertainment amuse – amusement 行为，过程，状态 direct – direction recognize – recognition persuade – persuasion 情况，性质，结果 organize – organization educate – education receive – reception decorate – decoration explode – explosion compete – competition admit – admission permit- permission apply – application solve – solution protect – protection reserve – reservation celebrate – celebration starve – starvation digest – digestion observe – observation connect – connection consider – consideration 1

-ment -ion

produce – production occupy – occupation explain – explanation attract – attraction consider- consideration collect – collection pronounce - pronunciation -ism -y -al -ness -ship -hood -ance -ence -th -dom -ing -ery -ce -ight 形容词后缀 -able -al 制度，主义 criticize – criticism social – socialism impression - impressionism 境遇，性质，行为 difficult – difficulty discover – discovery brave – bravery injure – injury recover – recovery cruel – cruelty 动作，行为 arrive – arrival survive - survival 性质，状态，程度 happy – happiness sad – sadness rude – rudeness weak – weakness kind – kindness sick – sickness selfless – selflessness unique - uniqueness 身份，职业，性质 friend – friendship hard – hardship member - membership 状态 身份，性质 亲属关系 动作，性质 child – childhood neighbor -neighborhood perform – performance enter – entrance appear – appearance exist – existence 动作，度量，性质 strong – strength wide – width long – length true – truth 状态 grow – growth deep – depth 地位，领域，性质，free – freedom king - kingdom 状态 动作 意义 可…的，能…的 有…性质的 suffer – suffering swim – swimming understand – understanding slave – slavery revolution – revolutionary scene – scenery defend – defence violent – violence distant – distance independent – independence evident – evidence confident – confidence important – importance patient - patience fly –flight 例子 value – valuable accept – acceptable suit –suitable eat - eatable person – personal logic – logical type – typical finance – financial culture – cultural electric – electrical magic – magical technology – technological universe – universal origin – original agriculture – agricultural benefit – beneficial physic – physical tradition – traditional face – facial center – central nature – natural technique - technical please – pleasant important excellent base – basic electric technical gymnasium – gymnastic athlete – athletic energy – energetic fool – foolish self – selfish Spain – Spanish child - childish persuade – persuasive protect – protective effect – effective subject – subjective attract – attractive create – creative instruct - instructive doubt – doubtful hope – hopeful pain – painful success – successful harm – harmful mercy – merciful beauty – beautiful thank –thankful forget - forgetful home – homeless harm –harmless wire – wireless self - selfless danger – dangerous religion – religious mountain – mountainous humour – humorous nerve – nervous fame - famous 2

-ant,-ent …的 -ic, -ical …性质的, 与…有关的 -ish -ive -ful 稍带…的, …气的, …语的 有…性质的 充满…的 -less -ous

不…的 有…特性的 -y -ed 多…的 worth – worthy dust – dusty hunger – hungry cloud – cloudy sun – sunny fun – funny sleep - sleepy 有…的, …特征的 advance – advanced concern – concerned injure – injured interest – interested disappoint – disappointed devote – devoted maze – amazed reserve – reserved limit – limited puzzle – puzzled please – pleased terrify – terrified frighten – frightened crowd – crowded astonish – astonished bore – bored amuse – amused excite – excited worry – worried learn - learned 由…构成的 …方向的 有…性质的 wood – wooden strength – strengthen long – lengthen east – eastern west - western year- yearly friend – friendly live – lively week - weekly violence – violent dependence – dependent independence – independent evidence – evident intelligence – intelligent importance – important patience – patient distance – distant emergency – emergent confidence – confident consider – considerate fortune – fortunate Italy – Italian 例子 sad – sadly excited – excitedly final – finally financial – financially technical – technically great – greatly entire – entirely recent – recently late –lately firsts –firstly third - thirdly back – backward up – upward north - northward 例子 simple – simplify belief – believe apology – apologize -en -ern -ly - t - ate - ian 副词后缀 -ly 意义 …地 -ward, -wards 动词后缀 - ify -ve - ize

意义 3