上海英语高考语法新题型2

2023-10-23 来源：乌哈旅游

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

2014年上海高考英语新题型语法填空专练及解题技巧

解“语法填空”题的一般步骤：

一、浏览全文把握语篇

浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。

二、边读边填先易后难

在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。

三、验证复查清除难点

有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。

另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。

Part-1 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

There is a photo hanging above my desk. Whenever I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years 25 every new experience was important for me.

I can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I 26 (go) out onto the sports field with my classmates. Two days 27 (early). I had qualified for the finals of the 100 metres. Now 28 (look) around, I was determined to win.

While I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more and more nervous. I looked around and saw my proud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the other eager competitors. I look some deep breaths and waited for the signal. Then the starting signal 29 (give) and I set off down the track.

I ran as fast as I could, not looking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crossed the line, I was so exhausted that I 30 hardly breathe. As soon as I heard the result 31 (announce), I realized I had won! Overjoyed, I collapsed on the soft grass with a broad smile on my face.

“Well done!” said the Headmaster later, as I was presented with the winner’s certificate. I had never felt so happy and proud in my life.

(B)

One of the first questions young children ask is “Why?” It is human nature to want 32 (find) out why things are the way they are. You can find out “Why” by turning the question

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

into a hypothesis (假设) for 33 experiment.

34 example, suppose you have been trying to grow tomato plants, but insects keep destroying 35 . Someone tells you that 36 (put) large strips of colored cloth around the plants will keep insects away. Your question might be “Do certain colours of cloth keep insects away?” Then you’d begin your experiment. The first step would be to place different-colored strips of cloth around all of the plants except one. Then, as regular intervals, you would observe and record and note 37 the plant had any insect damage or not.

This experiment may prove that the answer to your question is “No, it is not different-colored strips of cloth 38 keep away insects.” Or you may find that answer is “Yes, certain insects are kept away by blue cloth, but not yellow cloth.” ...... 39 you have found, you are well on your way to understanding how you can use scientific thinking to solve a problem in you own life.

Part-2 Directions: Read the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.

(A)

One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,” he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, 26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympathetically

The first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.

Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?

“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,” I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.

“ 31 ’s your turn,” he said.

After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.

Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to

32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

(B)

Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33

(spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?

When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time 36 (productive), dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….

At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.

Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

(preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.

I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.

Part-3 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

The US government has set several rules and guidelines in place ____25_____(protect) us from eating potentially harmful foods. Several dishes _____26_____(consider) real delicacies in other parts of the world, ____27______haggis in Scotland or fugu (puffer fish) in Japan, are banned from the U.S. food market because of potential health risks. But looking at the issue from a reversed angle, there are actually several common foods eaten in America that are banned in other parts of the world.

The shocking truth is that many of our favorite foods, like boxed mac and cheese and yogurt, include ingredients____28______ other countries have established as potentially harmful for health, and therefore are banned. Clearly, mac and cheese on its own isn't poisonous in any way, but the yellow food colorings #5 and #6 have been shown to cause hypersensitivity (过敏) in children, and are therefore banned in countries including Norway, Finland, and Australia. ___29_____yogurt and other milk products, it is the rBGH and rBST that

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

some countries are concerned with --- these growth hormones ____30_______(ban) in several regions including the European Union, Canada, and Japan ___31______their potentially dangerous impacts on the health of both humans and cows.

Key:25.To protect26.considered27.like 28.that 29.For 30.are banned

31.because of

(B)

How many times have you let your basic contact lens hygiene slide, not doing things like washing your hands before ___32_____(handle) your lenses, using tap water _____33______saline solution(盐水溶液) or sleeping in your lenses?

During a busy week __34_____work, a woman named Erin was out of contact lens solution but didn't have time to buy any, so she used tap water ____35_____(store)her contact lenses.

That would soon prove to be a mistake: She contracted a rare amoeba(阿米巴，变形虫) infection____36_______ began to attack her cornea(眼角膜).

\"The pain was extreme,\" she told Dr. Travis Stork on The Doctors. She went to the ER, where doctors thought she had a simple eye infection and prescribed her a steroid(类固醇)._____37_______, after the pain still did not go away, she visited an optometrist who ____38_______( realize)that she had an amoeba infection.

\"The steroid was, in fact, hiding the infection,\" she said. \"It was keeping my sight but it was actually feeding the amoeba, via the steroid, making ___39___stronger.\"

Stork noted that steroids can actually be harmful in cases like this, because they make it

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

harder for the body to fight off the infection.

Part-4 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

“ 31 is your turn,” he said.

Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to

32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens

(B)

Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

dutifully preserving for future generations a

36 (detail) description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….

Part-5 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

(A)

Low-Cost Gifts for Mother’s Day

Gift No. I

Offer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits 25 a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,” another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part? This one is free.

Gift No. 2

Help your mother organize all of her medical records, 26 include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “ 27 (have) all this information in one place could end up saving your mother’s life,” Dr. Marie Savard said.

Gift No. 3

Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,” Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very 28 to our health.”

Gift No. 4

Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Mother’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity. Gift givers can choose from 29

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

wide variety of useful but inexpensive things—many of which are “green” —and then 30 a meaningful charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she 31 (tell) that she has helped the chosen charity.

(B)

In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom where you are planted.” It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, 32 I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits 33 the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.

Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. 34 (get) to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road 35 (wind) around the mountain. In the eightmile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the 36 (great) feeling of hopelessness.

From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom, I 37 (greet) with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “dinner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weedtype plant

38 grows wild, especially on poor ground.

Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she 39 (invite) me to the oneandonly steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a 40 (treasure) symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.

Part-6 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat 25 (pull) out to sea.

Two 2-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 26 (tie) to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for 27 and the boat was out of control.

Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.

“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls. “I was trying 28 (figure) out how

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

to swim to the boys in a straight line.”

Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes 29 struggling, he was close to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella!”

Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, 30 the waves were almost too strong for him.

“Let’s aim for the pier(码头),” Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.

Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack 31 (wear) life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.

“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.

After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.

(B)

Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident 32 I discovered the deep meaning of his words.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

For years we made the long drive 33 our home in Seattle to my parents’ home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.

Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, 34 (stop) only when 1 had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.

But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our 35 (plan) trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.

That is 36 I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They’d get back in the car

breathless and 37 (energize), smelling fresh from the cold air.

We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish 38 (leap) out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons.

We eventually arrived at my parents’ doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.

I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out 39 told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour 40

uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.

Part-7 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I 25 (finish) a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding 26 essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.

I couldn’t wait for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed 27 my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”

Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile 28 (spread) across her face.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

On August 5,2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I 29 (honour) to have a front-row seat in NASA.

Curiosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I 30 sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about 31 . That’s what I love so much about space.

People often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out 32 is over the hill and beyond the horizon.

Guide to Stockholm University Library

Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

Zones

The library is divided into different 33 . The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone 34 you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Computers

You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

computers, and you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area 35 (know) as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

Group-study places

If you want to discuss freely 36 disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and 37 can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.

There are 40 group-study rooms that 38 be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.

Storage of Study Material

The library has lockers for students 39 (store) course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.

Rules to be Followed

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and 40 (exit) the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

Part-8

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

When 25 (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.

For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike

26 unreserved (毫不掩饰的).

In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I 27 still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.

In adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated.

My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The 28 we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.

I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, 29 I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

Psychologists tell us 30 to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.

We, 31 , with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have. We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things aren’t necessarily happier.

Happiness isn’t about what happens to us—it’s about how we see what happens to us. It’s the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. It’s not wishing for what we don’t have, but enjoying what we

32 possess.

(B)

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed 33 (relate) to cancer of the bladder(膀胱) and the oral cavity (口腔). Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males.

Female smokers are thought to be less affected 34 they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply. The majority of physicians and researchers consider these relationships proved to their satisfaction and say, “ 35 (give) up smoking. If you don’t smoke, don’t start”. Some capable physicians and research workers—though their small number is reducing even further—are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking 36 health. They consider the increase in respiratory(呼吸的) diseases and various forms of cancer may

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment—atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substances in 37 (process) food, or chemical pesticides (杀虫剂) that 38 (use) by farmers now in vast quantities to destroy insects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas, or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While 39 tobacco smoking affects life expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreasing by the latter forms, and current research indicates relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar(焦油) tobacco 40 (claim) to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate, the risks.

Part-9 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

The morning had been a disaster. My tooth was aching. And I’d been in an argument with a friend. Her words still hurt: “The trouble with you is 25 you won’t put yourself in my place. Can’t you see things from my point of view?” I shook my head stubbornly—and felt the ache in my tooth. I’d thought I could hold out till my dentist came back from holiday, 26 the pain was really unbearable. I started calling the dentists in the phone book, but no one could see me immediately. Finally, at about lunchtime, I got lucky.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

“If you come by right now,” the receptionist said, “the 27 will fit you in.”

I took my purse and keys and rushed to my car. But suddenly I began to doubt about the dentist. What kind of dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? 28 wasn’t he as busy as the others?

In the dentist’s office, I sat down and looked around. I saw nothing but the bare walls and I became even 29 worried. The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.

When I told her my fears, she laughed and said, “Don’t worry. The dentist is very good.”

“ 30 long do I have to wait for him?” I asked impatiently.

“Come on, he is coming. Just lie down and relax. And enjoy the artwork,” the assistant said.

“The artwork?” I was puzzled.

The chair went back. Suddenly I smiled. There was a beautiful picture, right where I could enjoy it: on the ceiling. How considerate the dentist was! At that moment, I began to understand what my friend meant by her words.

31 a relief!

(B)

“Neither a borrower nor a lender be.” Although this might be excellent advice in

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

matters 32

(concern) family and friends, borrowing and lending are frequently the foundation of a booming economy.

A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a 33 (limit) period. A loan may be obtained from an individual or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee 34 the borrower pays to use the money. An extremely high rate of interest—and certainly any amount more than law permits— is called usury. Lending money can be a risky business, for

35 is always the possibility that the borrower may not be able to pay the loan. For this reason, a lender generally requires the borrower to register something 36 valuable of his or hers, known as collateral (抵押), as a part of the loan agreement. A house or an automobile, investments in the stock market, even the value of a business, are all examples of collateral(担保物) that a lender 37 be willing to accept in the event that the borrower fails to pay the loan.

There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is 38

that is made to an individual, and it may be to buy a house or an automobile or to finance an education. A commercial loan may be used to start a new business, pay for new equipment and staff, or expand an office or factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy 39 enhancing the employment market. Loans allow consumers to buy and improve homes, creating jobs for carpenters, architects and etc. Loans enable businesses to expand, and when these businesses open a branch office or a new store, they also increase their consumption of office supplies, furnishings, and computers.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

In a 40 (boom) economy, money circulates quickly, and each deal represents earnings for someone. It may be reasonable to say that a certain level of debt is normal, even necessary, to a healthy economy as long as the individual borrower or business is careful and try not to take on more than a manageable amount of debt.

Part-10 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

A new study of 8,000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior 25 (show) that although love can make adults live healthily and happily, it is a bad thing for young people. Puppy love (早恋) may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression. The study shows that girls become more

26 (depress) than boys, and younger girls are the worst of all.

The possible reason 27 the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”. According to the study, even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”, this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression 28 it happens to girls. Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions. They won’t tell that to their parents.

Dr Marian Kaufman, an expert on young people problems, says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing. Trying romance often causes the depression. She advises kids not to jump into romance too early. During growing up, 29

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self. She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends, attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.

Parents 30 watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons, they need to give help. The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, 31 only

maturity gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.

(B)

As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society 32 (shift) from curing disease to preventing disease—especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behavior, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought 33 (involve) in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious foods, who feels OK 34 exercises only occasionally who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, 35 who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts(血细胞计数), but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot

36 (health).

The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body’s special needs. 37 types have simply been called “well.” In recent years, however, some

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. People who are well 38 (concern) with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their body’s condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well,” in this new sense, 39 they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, 40

as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.

Part-11 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

(A)

Many children first learn the value of money 25 receiving an allowance (津贴). The purpose is to let children learn from experience at an age 26 financial mistakes are not very costly.

The amount of money that parents give to their children to spend as they wish differs from family to family. Timing is another consideration. Some children get a weekly allowance.

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

27 get a monthly allowance. In any case, parents should make clear 28 , if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money.

At first, young children may spend all of their allowance soon after they receive it. If they do this, they will learn the hard way that spending must be done within a budget. Parents are usually advised not to offer more money until the next allowance. The object is 29 (show) young people that a budget demands choices between spending and saving. Older children may be responsible enough to save money for larger costs, like clothing or electronics.

Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they 30 do with money. They can share it in the form of gifts or giving to a good cause. They can spend it by buying things they want. Or they can save and maybe even invest it.

Saving helps children understand that costly goals require sacrifice: you have to cut costs and plan for the future. 31 (require) children to save part of their allowance can also open the door to future saving and investing. Many banks offer services to help children and teenagers learn about personal finance. A savings account is an excellent way to learn about the power of compound interest(利息).That may not seem like a lot. But over time it adds up.

(B)

Do you know how 32 is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to be among people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons (神经元）in our brains.

Put simply, the existence of mirror neurons 33 (suggest) that every time we see someone else do something, our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about 34 we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

play sports. But the idea goes further: mirror neurons not only appear to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.

Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which 35

(relate) to our ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Researchers have found that mirror neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered 36 if they gave people sentences to listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered 37 when the action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).

Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 38

(function). However, it is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders.

Research 39 mirror neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else 40 —well, perhaps you’ll understand why.

Part-12 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

（A）

As Christopher Walsh saved his brother and then his sister from the water of a river, his mother shouted ho him:“I'm proud of you.”

Christopher was in the car with his parents, sister Rosie, and brother Mac, (25) ____ his father drove into a metal barrier. The family's car fell down a hill (26) ____ the river, and landed with its wheels up.

Christopher, then 12, swam through a broken window and got out into the freshair. But (27) ____ (see) the rest of his family were still in the car—in the water, he took a big breath and swam back to save first Mac, and then Rosie. Christopher said “I was frightened, but it was all happening so fast and I really had no time (28) ____ (think) about the danger.”

Christopher freed Mac and then swam back to get Rosie, (29) ____was under the cold, cloudy water, in the car. Christopher had to feel for her seatbelt because he could not see anything. He took the seatbelt off her, and then went up for air. Finally he went back to pull her out of (30) ____ car.

Beryl, the mother, said:“When I got to the side and looked back, I thought Christopher and Rosie had gone. I thought (31) ____ were dead. Then I saw him come up out of the water like a dolphin, and I could see he had Rosie. I shouted across the canal, ‘I’m so proud of you.'”

（B）

高考英语（上海）语法新题型

I'm reading this brilliant book, (32) ____ (call) The Great Kapok Tree. It's by Lynne Cherry. My parents gave it to me as my birthday present and I just (33) ____ hardly put it down.

The story (34) ____ (set) in the tropical Amazon rainforest. The author visited the rainforest (35) ____ she could find out about what was happening for herself. As I'm sure you know, man is cutting down so many of the forests and trees there. A lot of animals and plants are in danger (36) ____ this.

So, here’s what happens in the story. The main character is the woodcutter. He comes into the wood with an axe in his hand. All the animals are chatting happily in the forest. As soon as they see the man, they stop (37) _____ (talk) and become quiet. They know what the woodcutter’s job is-to cut down the great kapok(木棉) tree. But it’s the (38) _____ (large) tree in the forest and the rainforest is very hot.

The woodcutter soon gets tired and falls asleep under the tree. As he sleeps, all the animals come up to him and whisper in his ear. One of them says to the wood cutter,“What happens tomorrow depends on what you do today. IF you destroy our home, we (39) ____ (have) nowhere to live. Please think twice.”

The woodcutter wakes up but I’m not going to tell you what happens in the end. You’ll have to read the book to see (40) ____ he cuts the great kapok tree down or not.

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上海英语高考语法新题型2