Unit1
With the hope of finding more survivors of Turkey’s devasting (毁灭性的，全然的) earthquake now but gone, the Turkish authorities are turning their attention to caring for those who have survived.
A full-scale relief effort in the area hit by the earthquake is finally beginning after days of confusion. Turkish and foreign volunteers have been joined by soldiers and the police, and heavy equipment sent by nearby cities and by private companies has been moved to almost every victimized town.
The Minister of Housing estimated that 60,000 buildings had been either destroyed or seriously damaged in the quake. It is hoped that within a few days, many of the homeless will be moved out of the fields and tents where they are now living. Forty-two countries and 38 international organizations have sent aid to Turkey. The world Bank had sent $200 million for housing construction.
Unit2
I think that a successful old age is easier for those who have strong impersonal interests leading to suitable activities. It is in these activities that long experience is really fruitful, and that the wisdom born of experience can be used without becoming a burden. It is no use telling grown-up children not to make mistakes, both because they will not believe you, and because mistakes are an essential part of education. But if you are one of those who are incapable of impersonal interests,
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you may find that your life will be empty unless you concern yourself with your children and grandchildren. In that case you must realize that while you can still help them in material ways, you must not expect that they will enjoy your company.
Unit3
Love means that I know the person I love. I’m aware of the many sides of the other person --- not just the beautiful side but also the limitations. I have an awareness of the other’s feelings and thoughts. I can see the other person on a deeper level.
Love means that I care about the welfare of the person I love. If I care about you, I’m concerned about your growth, and I hope you will become all that you can become.
Love means trusting the person I love. If I love you, I trust that you will accept my caring and my love and that you won’t deliberately hurt me. I trust that you will find me loveable and that you won’t abandon me. If we trust each other, we are willing to be open to each other and reveal our true selves.
Unit4
The main reason for the widespread demand for English is its present-day importance as a world language. Besides serving the infinite needs of its native
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speakers, English is a language in which some of the most important works in science, technology, and other fields are being produced, and not always by native speakers. It is a language of wider communication for a number of developing countries, especially former British colonies. Many of these countries have multi-lingual populations and need a language for internal communication in such matters as government, commerce, industry, law and education as well as for international communication and for access to the scientific and technological developments in the West.
Unit5
With the invention of the radio, newspaper publishers wondered how broadcasting would affect them. Many feared that the radio as a quick and easy means of keeping people informed would displace the newspaper industry altogether.
Others hoped that the brief newscast heard on the air would stimulate listeners’ interest in the story so they’d buy the paper to get more information. This second idea turned out to be closer to the truth. Radio and print actually supported each other. However, this is not always the case. Take television and motion pictures for example. With the popularization of TV, the motion picture suffered greatly. Movie attendance dropped when people chose to stay at home and be entertained.
Unit6
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My Berlin diary for December 2 was limited to four words. “Only three more days!” The Foreign Office was still holding up my passport and how to get exit visa, which worried me. I had to get my passport and official permission to leave on Decembers. There was one other thing to do. For weeks I had thought over my diaries safely out of Berlin. At some moments I had thought I ought to destroy them before leaving. There was enough in them to get me hanged.
The morning I got my passport and exit visa I realized I had less than twenty-four hours to figure out a way of getting my Berlin diaries out. I again thought of destroying them, but I wanted very much to keep them, if I could. Suddenly, later that morning, the solution became clear. It was risky, but it was worth a try.
Unit7
Professors may establish social relationships with students outside of the classroom, but in the classroom they maintain the instructor’s role. A professor may have coffee one day with students but the next day except them to meet a deadline for the submission of a paper to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. The professor may give extra attention outside of class to a student in need of help but probably will not treat him or her differently when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. Professors have several roles in relation to students; they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. Students must realize that when a teacher’s role changes, they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes.
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Unit8
It could be the title of a 21st-century horror movie: “Death by Global Warming”. Instead, it is a real life warning from an American university ecologist who believes global warming may account for millions of human deaths from disease. Right now the evidence of significant global climate change in increase in human is due to numerous environmental factors, including infections disease, pollution by chemicals and biological wastes, and shortage of food. Global warming will only make matters worse.
Global climate change will result in a loss of available food. Although they may be some benefits in crop production from warmer climates, these beneficial effects will not be so great. Crop losses from plant disease and weeds will increase in a warmer climate.
Unit9
Wealth achieved through dishonest means does not bring happiness. Lottery winning don not bring happiness. Wealth left by parents does not bring happiness. In fact, money alone is almost worthless. If you have both self-esteem and money, you may be well on the way to happiness. However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money is productive work and a real contribution towards the happiness of others. The secret to happiness lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. You can fool others but you can never fool yourself. If you obtain wealth through luck or dishonest means, you will know you did not earn it.
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If you have taken advantage of or hurt others to earn your wealth, you will not be happy. You will not like yourself. You will not feel you are capable.
Unit10
As the eldest son of my parents who were themselves poor, I had to, fortunately, begin to do some work which still very young in order to earn a living, and therefore come to understand in early boyhood that my duty was to assist my parents and become, as soon as possible, a bread winner in the family.
It was a terrible task for a lad of twelve to rise every morning, except Sunday, to go to the factory which it was still dark, and not to be released until after darkness came again in the evening, with only a forty-minute break at noon.
But I was young and had my dreams, and something within always told me that this would not , could not，should not last---I should some day get into a better position. Also, I felt myself no longer a mere boy, but quite a little man, and this made me happy.
Unit11
Take the control away from your offender mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain. Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you.
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Try to see things from the other person’s perspective. If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear, ---even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender’s point of view. Recognize the benefits of forgiveness. Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.
Don’t forget to forgive yourself. For some people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge. But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don’t do so.
Unit12
Moral intelligence is the theory put forth by Dr.coles that children learn some of the most important lessons by observing the behavior of those around them in authority positions (mainly parents and teachers). His background in child psychology is deep and he makes full use of ideas from other experts in the field. His theory goes beyond the teaching of moral lessons such as “you shouldn’t steal, or lie” land reaches a deeper level of analysis. He theorizes that children pick up and retain information about moral behavior from witnessing the actions of others. He feels that this manner of learning has a more lasting impact on children. Moral intelligence is created by children by children, but can molded by proper guidance.
Unit13
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Karl Mark was the most important of all socialist thinkers and the creator of a system of thought called Marxism, and the political system called Communism. Marx developed his revolutionary theories over a period of four decades beginning in1843. He formulated his theories with the intention to liberate wage workers or labors from the capitalist societies of nineteenth-century Europe. He maintained that in order to emancipate humanity from economic domination, a social revolution was needed. He helped organize the international socialist movement. His ideas motivated radical political activists who joined his call to overthrow capitalism. Marxism, reduced to the theory that all events are caused by economic self-interest, had a strong influence on many areas of thought from politics to history to literature.
Unit14
Good luck to the Bride and Groom. Many ancient practices that were supposed to prevent bad luck and bring blessings to the bride pair have come down through the years. In many Western countries people shower the bridal pair with confetti to express the hope that the couple will be blessed with children. Tin cans or old shoes are sometimes tied to the automobile that carries the bride and groom away. This practice may have come out of the ancient belief that loud noises frighten bad spirits away. To assure good luck, brides often heed the old saying and wear for the wedding. Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue. The bride’s good fortune in getting a husband may be handed on to the unmarried girl who catches the bride’s bouquet after the marriage. According to an old belief the groom carried his bride over the threshold
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of their new home to protect her from being caught by any mischievous spirits hiding nearby.
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