Section A
4-2 Text A: Achieving sustainable environmentalism Pre-reading activities Pre-reading activities-1 1) A 2) B 3) B 4) B 5) A
Pre-reading activities-2
1) As I understand, a \"green city\" is a city or town that focuses on environmentally friendly practices. It aims to improve the livability of urban surroundings and benefit the well-being of citizens living there.
2) To build a green city, other measures include water quality control, efficient recycling and management of waste, use of renewable energy sources, increase of city residents' awareness of environmental protection, and easy access to products and services that make green lifestyle choices easy, such as easy access to organic products and clean transportation methods. Reading comprehension Reading comprehension-1
1) The rule of sane environmentalism, which holds the belief that it is only necessary to combat ecological changes that directly threaten human health and safety. 2) Because they directly threaten human beings, and their consequences cannot be easily addressed. 3) It indulges in overt earth worship. It is sentimental, highly selective and incompatible with the reality of natural disasters.
4) The author means that he doesn't think man should indulge in nature worship because natural disasters can bring people terrible tragedies.
5) The author thinks that biodiversity is necessary to the ecosystem, but it has to be sacrificed sometimes to meet more fundamental human needs.
6) The author stands on the side of protecting the logging families. To him, the livelihood of the logging families is more important than the spotted owl. 7) The author thinks that nature is under the supervision of us humans, rather than being our master. Humans need to respect nature as well as cultivate it. But when humans have to choose between their own interests and those of nature, they should put their own interests in the first place.
8) Man should adapt to nature only when his fate and that of nature are closely connected and man's fate is put in danger. For example, ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect will threaten the living environment of man. Therefore, man has to change his behavior and
do something to stop or reduce the impact of ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. Reading comprehension-2
1) I don't quite like the author's classification of \"environmental necessity\" and \"environmental luxury\". I think this classifying method is too narrow and extreme. To me, all the issues related to environmental protection need to be considered, not just the ones that threaten human health and safety. Take what the author says about the spotted owl for example. If the spotted owl becomes extinct, the whole ecosystem will be affected and we don't know what other environmental problems will arise.
I like the author's classification of \"environmental necessity\" and \"environmental luxury\". To me, the world can only spend money and energy protecting things that human beings do depend on for survival. It is impossible for the world to deal with all kinds of environmental problems due to its inability to pay for the costs.
2) Human activities can either cause natural disasters or make their effects much worse. For example, one reason that sandstorms, floods and landslides take place is that forests have been destroyed by humans and there are not enough trees and plants to hold the soil. To reduce such natural disasters, humans should attach great importance to planting trees, and at the same time make strict laws to protect forests so that people will not cut trees without planning.
3) I think man and nature are interdependent. The reasons are as follows. First, man must realize that he is part of nature and he needs to depend on nature. Therefore man can't ignore natural laws and change nature as he likes. Second, man must understand that nature needs to be managed. If nature has a problem, man should try to solve it as soon as possible. Otherwise, man will eventually suffer from the consequences of the problem.
4) Some environmental problems the world is faced with: Water pollution: A large population in the world lacks access to clean drinking water.
Air pollution: The air in many cities of the world is so seriously polluted that people can hardly see a blue sky.
Wildlife protection: Natural habitats of the wildlife are seriously damaged, and many wildlife species are in danger of extinction.
Land erosion: Desertification in some places of the world is causing the loss of large areas of grassland every year.
To sum up, these problems are caused by the following factors:
People don't have strong awareness of environmental protection.
People don't have a long-term vision. They hunt or cut down trees for temporary profit, but they don't realize the price they or their children have to pay in the long run.
Some local governments don't make good plans about economic development.
5) First, the authorities must have better foresight. Environmental protection is a long-lasting campaign and its impact can't be felt in a short term. However, governments and authorities should always keep in mind the imperative of environmental protection. Some economic benefits don't last long, but the harm to the environment may be enduring. Second, strict laws and policies should be made to ensure that the economy is not developed at the cost of the environment. For example, factories which produce heavy pollution should be closed down and punished severely so that other factories will not do the same. 4-3 Text A: Language focus Words in use 1. consolidate 2. differentiate 3. dreadful 4. incompatible 5. alleged
6. bizarre 7. correlation 8. negligible 9. habitats 10. intelligible Word building: Practice Word building: Practice-1 1) harmonious 2) disastrous 3) spacious 4) hazardous 5) virtuous 6) victorious 7) desirous 8) adventurous
9) evenly 10) routinely 11) consequent 12) respectively
Word building: Practice-2 1. victorious 2. hazardous 3. consequent 4. adventurous 5. disastrous 6. evenly 7. spacious 8. respectively 9. virtuous 10. routinely
11. harmonious 12. desirous Banked cloze 1) incompatible 2) preserve 3) available 4) proportion 5) utilized 6) converted 7) dreadful 8) balance 9) sane
10) considerable Expressions in use 1. took on
2. called upon
3. runs against the grain 4. be incompatible with 5. come through 6. is bound up
7. differentiate between 8. have struck a chord with 4-4 Structure analysis & writing Structured writing: Practice
参考：Have you ever been to a national park? How do you like it? Nowadays, national parks are very common in the world, and they can be found in many countries. Most people believe that national parks are necessary because they can help protect the variety of species on earth and offer people a place where they can explore nature and learn more about the environment. However, there are also different voices about the establishment of national parks.
Some people are against national parks because they argue that wild areas should not be disturbed, and wild animals should be left entirely alone. But I think these people may not have realized that some wild animals and plants have become so rare that proper protection is necessary and urgent. The establishment of national parks aims to provide a safe home for native plants and animals. For instance, Wolong National Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province has provided a natural habitat for giant pandas and many other precious species. Other people oppose national parks because they worry that too much exploration of national parks can be damaging to the environment. True, extreme exploration will do harm to anything. But reasonable exploration of national parks can not only increase people's knowledge about the environment, but also is beneficial to the protection of biodiversity. The thing is, in considering building up a national park, the authorities and experts involved must plan carefully to make sure that the national park will play a significant role in protecting biodiversity. In addition, the government can use the park as a living
school to teach people the importance of environmental protection.
All in all, I agree that national parks are necessary. If we can make good use of them, we can not only protect plant and animal species, but also help people learn more about our environment. 4-5 Translation Translation Translation-1
参考：巴洛克建筑是一种建筑风格，兴盛于16世纪晚期至18世纪中期的欧洲。它由意大利文艺复兴时期的建筑发展而来，当时文艺复兴建筑师开始对过去200多年来一直沿用的对称的、一成不变的旧建筑形式感到厌倦，开始建造醒目的、具有曲线性而非对称的巴洛克建筑。巴洛克风格的建筑有一些共同特征。大理石、镀金、青铜是巴洛克建筑师大量使用的材料。椭圆形是巴洛克建筑最鲜明且十分常见的形状。戏剧性的光照运用也是其重要特征，主要是通过强烈的光影对比或由窗户进入的均匀光线来实现。丰富的色彩和装饰运用也很常见，这从天花板上的大幅壁画中可以看出。巴洛克建筑通常正中还有一个相当大并且向外突出的部分，梨形的拱
顶也十分常见。最著名的巴洛克建筑包括英国的圣保罗大教堂和法国的凡尔赛宫。杰安劳伦佐贝尼尼和弗朗西斯科博罗米尼是巴洛克时期两位主要的建筑师。 Translation-2
参考：Suzhou gardens are the most outstanding representatives of classical Chinese gardens. Most of them were privately-owned. The gardens first appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period, developed in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and flourished in the Ming and Qing dynasties. By the late Qing Dynasty, Suzhou had got as many as over 170 gardens of diverse styles, winning it the name \"The City of Gardens\". Now, over 60 gardens are kept in good condition, of which more than 10 are open to the public. The Surging Wave Pavilion, the Lion Grove Garden, the Humble Administrator's Garden and the Lingering Garden are called the four most famous gardens in Suzhou, representing the artistic styles of the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties respectively. Suzhou gardens are assemblies of residences and gardens, which makes them suitable places for living, visiting and appreciating. The architectural principles of the
gardens are a demonstration of the lifestyles and social customs of the ancient Chinese people in the south of the Lower Yangtze River. Suzhou gardens are not only a product of Chinese history and culture, but also a carrier of traditional Chinese ideology and culture. In 1997, Suzhou gardens were inscribed on the World Heritage List by UNESCO. Section B
4-6 Reading skills Practice
1) The author definitely opposes the ways human beings change nature. He thinks that human beings have damaged the land and changed animals into something weird. 2) The author tries to show two points:a. Human beings ignore the natural law and change animals in ways they like.b. Human beings being cruel changing animals with force.
3) The author means that the way human beings raise chickens indicates that they themselves are very cruel, cold-blooded and crazy.
4-7 Text B: What nature is telling you Reading comprehension Reading comprehension-1 1) B 2) C 3) C 4) D 5) A 6) A 7) B 8) C
Reading comprehension-2
1) In my opinion, to protect the environment while developing tourist attractions, local governments should make thorough investigations beforehand to predict what impact such development will have on the environment. If it will do great harm to the environment and the harm can't be addressed, then local governments should not approve of the development of the site into a tourist attraction. Meanwhile, local governments should make strict rules to manage the existing tourist sites properly.
2) Yes, I agree. Modernization has brought to our life many conveniences such as cars, mobile phones and computers. As people enjoy these high-tech products, they also find that they spend more time indoors instead of outdoors. For example, they may stay at home and spend hours surfing the Internet. Even if they go outside, they may choose to drive a car rather than walk. Therefore, it seems that modern people are getting further and further away from nature.
No, I don't quite agree. We feel isolated from nature simply because we live in urban cities. Actually, those
living in the countryside are still so close to nature. Their lifestyle can still be very primitive though they enjoy the convenience brought by modern technology as well.
3) No, I can't. I think I will feel uncomfortable or even miserable if I have to stay in the wilderness without any modern conveniences. I can't accept that I have no mobile phone to connect with my friends. Also I can't imagine having no access to a computer for a week. This kind of life will drive me crazy. Yes, I think I can. It may be extremely interesting to live like a primitive man in the modern time. Though I would lose some of the conveniences brought by modern technology, I would also enjoy very much not being disturbed by any emails, phone calls, city noises, etc. In addition, it's only a week anyway, rather than a year or a lifetime.
4) It's probably because people today have a very fast pace of life and are always in a rush, so they are eager to go back to nature to relax, and get away from their busy city life. I think what they really want is a sense
of freedom. In modern life, people have to face too many limitations and too much pressure. If they go back to nature, they can forget all their trouble and fully enjoy the beauty of nature.
5) I think such a course should teach students what they can do in their daily lives to protect the environment. Most students understand the importance of
environmental protection, but they don't know what they can do to help. So the course should encourage students to protect the environment by doing some seemingly trivial things.
4-8 Text B: Language focus Words in use 1. converge 2. impaired 3. contaminate 4. vulgar 5. dweller
6. alienate 7. strolling 8. injected 9. deplore 10. inverted Expressions in use 1. be obedient to 2. leaned against 3. subscribe to 4. preside over 5. shutting out 6. plunged into 7. be intolerant of 8. are disconnected from Sentence structure
Sentence structure-1
1) Beneath our feet lies the earth that our life depends on for food and clothing.
2) At the center of the big room over there is a wooden table which is imported from Brazil.
3) On the ground lay some air conditioners which are to be shipped to the northern cities. Sentence structure-2
1. Take the latest self-made film that came out on our campus web.
2. Take global warming, a hot issue nowadays. 3. Take a 38-year-old woman with a high-school diploma and making a medium wage. 4-9 Collocation Practice Practice-1 1) B
2) C 3) A 4) A 5) B Practice-2 1) ecological 2) change 3) directly 4) threaten 5) inseparably 6) bound 7) up
8) greenhouse 9) effect 10) disrupted
11) climate 12) essential 13) geology 14) thermal 15) consequences 16) contaminating 17) earth 18) energy 19) dependence 20) environmental 21) necessities 22) preserve 23) nature
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