Unit 1 Dialogue: Shopping
Mary： Are you free this weekend? I want to go shopping[1]. Linda： OK. Is there anything that you want to buy?
Mary： Nothing in particular. I just haven't gone shopping for a long time. Linda： Me neither. Where shall we go?
Mary： What about[2] going to Nu Ren Jie? There are a lot of clothes stores there. Linda： OK, I haven't been there before. When do you want to go? Mary： Saturday, then we can rest on Sunday. Linda： Where do you want to meet up[3]?
Mary： At the Dongzhimen subway station. It's near Nu Ren Jie. Linda： Alright, see you then.
Words and expressions:
[1] go shopping 去购物，去买东西
[2] what about…? [提出建议、询问消息或征求意见时用]…怎么样？例句： What about doing a spot of work ?
做点儿事怎么样?。
What about playing football now? 现在踢足球好吗？
What about going shopping with me? 和我一起购物怎么样？
[3] meet up 约见，会见。例句：
Let's meet up after the play. 看完戏后，我们碰碰头。
I met up with him/We met up at the supermarket. 我们在超级市场偶然相遇。
Practice：
I. Answer the following questions based on the dialogue:
1. Mary just hasn’t gone shopping for_____________. 2. Mary and Linda are going to _____________. 3. There are_____________ clothes stores there.
4. They are going to meet up at the Dongzhimen subway station on _____________.
II. Fill in the blanks with the proper forms of the following words and expressions:
A. meet up B. in particular C. what about D. neither 1. _____________ the father nor the son is interested in the film. 2. We _____________ again in Singapore last month. 3. She stressed that point _____________. 4. _____________ having some bread?
Text：Market
A market may be defined as a group of people or firms[1] who have contact with[2] each other[3] with the purpose of[4] exchanging some goods or services. The term “market” at least[5] involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers.
Today，with our complex methods of transport and communication，it is not necessary for buyers and sellers to have direct contact with each other, so it is better not to think of a market in terms of[6] a particular place. Sellers are the suppliers of something of value—–the supply. The buyers are the demanders of something of value—–the demand. Price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand[7].
Practically all goods and services have a price. A car has a price; your father's labor service has a price—–his
wage，or salary.
We refer to market demand as the total of all the individual demands for a particular commodity. By individual demand we mean the quantity particular individuals are able and willing to purchase in the market at various price levels at a particular point of time[8].
Changes in demand (increases or decreases) occur with changes in population, wage rates, taxation，fashions，etc.，and mean that more or less of a quantity is demanded at the same price. (217 words)
New Words
define [di'fain] vt. 定义，解释，下定义，限定，规定
purpose ['pə:pəs] n. 目的，意向，决心，意义，论题 vt. 意欲，企图，计划 term [tə:m] n. 术语，名词，期限，学期，任期，条款
involve [in'vɔlv] vt. 包缠；使卷入，使陷入；使专注；必须包括；包围 complex ['kɔmpleks] n. 合成物，情结，复杂 a. 复杂的，合成的 method ['meθəd] n. 方法，方式，教学法
transport [træns'pɔ:t] n. 传送器，运输 vt. 传送，运输 communication [kəmju:ni'keiʃən] n. 通讯，传达，传送 particular [pə'tikjulə] a. 特别的，特殊的，详细的 value ['vælju:] n. 价值，重要性，价格
determine [di'tə:min] vt. 决定，决心；确定，限定，测定 interaction [intə'rækʃən] n. 相互作用；干扰 wage [weidʒ] n. 薪水，工资
salary ['sæləri] n. 工资，薪水，薪金
refer [ri'fə:] vt. 把…称作，把…当作；把…归因于，把…归类于 individual [indi'vidjuəl] a. 个人的，个体的，单独的 n. 个人，个体 commodity [kə'mɔditi] n. 日用品，商品 population [pɔpju'leiʃən] n. 人口，人口数 rate [reit] n. 比率，率，速度
taxation [tæk'seiʃən] n. 税收，征税，租税 fashion ['fæʃən] n. 流行，时髦，时尚，时装
Notes:
[1] …may be defined as a group of people or firms…可解释为一群人或一些商行… define…as 给…下定义
People define him as a genius. 人们说他是天才。 [2] have contact with接触到， 和 … 有联系
1. We have no contact with each other after graduation. 毕业之后我们彼此就没有什么联系了。
2. In Dublin, Shelley first had contact with a political movement. 雪莱在都柏林初次接触政治运动。
意思与have contact with相反的是loose contact with（失去联系），例如： 1. They had lost contact with the Party. 他们和党失去了联系。
2. The pilot lost contact with the control tower. 飞行员和指挥塔失去了联系。
[3] each other和one another的区别和用法
1. 一般认为 each other 指两者，one another指三者或三者以上。但在实际运用中，这两个短语常可互换： We respect each other [one another]. 我们互相尊重 (对方)。
The sea and the sky seem to melt into one another [each other]. 大海和蓝天似乎融为一体。 2. 两者均有所有格：
They know each other’s [one another’s] weak points. 他们都彼此了解对方的缺点。 3. each other 可折开用 (each…the other)，而 one another则不能：
We helped each other. ＝We each helped the other. 我们互相帮助。
4. 汉语的“互相”是副词，但是英语中的 each other 和 one another均为代词，因此在及物动词之后可直接用作宾语 (如help each other)；而在不及物动词之后，则要借助介词 (如talk to each other, learn from one another 等)。
5. 这两个短语均不能用作主语：
正：We each know what the other thinks. 我们彼此了解对方在想什么。
误：We know what each other [one another] thinks.
正因为不能用作主语，所以用它们作宾语的句子不能改为被动语态。
[4] with the purpose of…目的是；为了…；以…为目的
With the purpose of improving my English, I read English every morning.
为了提高英语，我每天早上读英语。
with the purpose = in order to = intention of doing sth. 这三个短语意思相近，我们也可把上句英译为： I read English every morning in order to improve my English.
With the intention of improving my English, I read English every morning. [5] at least至少；起码
例句与用法：
1. He has been there at least twice. 他至少去过那儿两次。
2. I have to mop the kitchen floor at least once a day.
我每天至少要把厨房地板擦洗一次。
3. We should brush our teeth at least twice a day. 我们每天应该至少刷两次牙。
4. To go abroad to study, you should at least master the language. 要到国外读书, 你最起码要掌握那种语言。
at least 和 at the least是一个意思 “ 至少”
通常at least用于句中，at the least用于句首，而且后面要加逗号，例如： There's at least 5 words in this sentence. 这个句子至少有五个词。
At the least, can you bring me some water? 你能至少给我带些水来吗？ [6] in terms of…依据；按照；在…方面；以…措词
1. In terms of finance, company A has great advantage. 从财力方面讲, 甲公司有很大的优势。
2. He often talks about his girlfriend in terms of love. 他经常用充满爱意的语言谈论他的女朋友。
3. It was a bad year for films, in terms of both quantity and quality. 今年的电影无论从数量上还是质量上都说不上好。 in terms of与 in term of的区别：
前者表示“按照，依据，用…词句，用...来，通过” ，例如： It is difficult to express it in terms of science. 要用科学的字眼来表达它是很困难的。 后者则表示“就…而言”，如：
In term of money, he's quite rich, but not in term of happiness. 就钱来说他很富有，但就幸福来说就不然了。
[7] Price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand. 价格多少则由供求双方的相互作用决定。
be determined by由…决定
1. His fate has not yet been determined. 他的命运尚未决定。
2. The greatness of a man can only be determined by the test history.
一个人是否伟大只能通过历史的检验来决定。
[8] By individual demand we mean the quantity particular individuals are able and willing to purchase in the
market at various price levels at a particular point of time.所谓个人需求，是指某些个人在一定时间以不同
的价格在市场上能够并愿意购到的商品量。 By…mean… 就…来说，指的是…
1. By study, I mean here the study of philosophy. 说到学习，我这里指的是学习哲学。
2. By conductivity, we mean the ability to conduct an electric current. 导电性一词，我们指的是传导电流的能力。
3. By \"poor\" I mean we do not have much industry and our agriculture is underdeveloped
说到“穷”，就是没有多少工业，农业也不发达。 (be) willing to do sth. 愿意做…
1. He is always willing to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。
2. He’s quite willing to pay the price I ask. 他很愿意照我的要价付钱。
Practice:
I. True / false statements:
1) The term “market” refers to an area in which buyers and sellers are in close and constant contact. ( ) 2) As we know, a market at least involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers. ( ) 3) Supplier is a party that supplies goods or services. ( ) 4) Price is decided by the interaction of supply and demand. ( )
5) Market demand refers to the price that suppliers in the market ( )
II. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. 1) She gave us a clear ________ of the question. ( define ) 2) He ________ to visit the United States. ( purpose )
3) These changes in the business ________ the interests of all owners. ( involve ) 4) The ________ was filled with soldiers. ( transport )
5) I don’t think he ________ his thoughts clearly. ( communication ) 6) Continental is one of the world’s biggest ________ of grain. ( supply )
7) Professor Smith is ________ interested in the central nervous system. ( particular ) 8) She came with the ________ of staying only two weeks. ( determine )
III. Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences： 1) This booklet ________ the committee’s functions.
A. defines B. sets up C. allows for D. sends for 2） No one whom Alfred has taught seems ever to ________ him.
A. be correspondence with B. be on speaking terms with
C. lose contact with D. keep terms with 3) Some people go through life with no ________ at all.
A. meaning B. mistake C. purpose D. result
4) She ________ her old car for a new model as soon as she had won the money.
A. exchanged B. replaced C. converted D. interchanged 5) I found it very refreshing to ________ ideas ________ your mother.
A. exchange…with B. keep…from
C. share…with D. contradict…of
6) Professor Wang is compiling an English-Chinese dictionary of chemical ________.
A. terms B. expressions C. words D. vocabulary
are willing to accept.
7) The plan ________ the cooperation of young and old.
A. involves B. contains C. keeps D. preserves 8) The new mayor must deal with many ________ problems.
A. superficial B. complex C. trifling D. productive 9) Brazilian coffee is usually ________ by ships because this way is cheaper.
A. transported B. transmitted C. transferred D. traded
10) As he had a science degree and varied experience in ________ technology, he found a good job in a
communications firm.
A. engineering B. transportation C. nursing D. printing
11) Mrs. Alberta is so ________ about her housework that servants will not work for her.
A. special B. especial C. peculiar D. particular
12) She thought the painting was of little ________, so she let me have it for only ten pounds.
A. cost B. value C. price D. expenses 13) There is a great demand ________ eggs.
A. on B. about C. for D. to 14) The workers ________ a fair wage for their work.
A. appealed B. campaigned C. asked D. demanded
15) Adam ________ applying for a graduate study in the field of theoretical physics in spite of his brother’s
opposition.
A. proceeded with B. considered C. determined on D. dreamed of
16) The motion of the planets caused by their gravitational ________, as well as the free fall of bodies, was very well
explained by the laws of mechanics.
A. interactions B. intercourse C. interference D. intermission
17) He was paid by the hour, and he managed to keep his family with his pitiful ________. A. salary B. wages C. stipend D. payment
18) “Death control” ________ to the efforts of scientists and doctors to save people’s lives. A. means B. refers C. indicates D. suggests
19) You and I as ________ are of no great importance in the history of our nation. A. people B. relatives C. strangers D. individuals 20) Great ________ of water ________ for cooling purposes. A. quantities…are needed B. quantity…is needed
C. quantities…are needing D. quantity…is needing
21) We aim at quality rather than ________ as poor quality goods won’t sell well. A. amount B. quantity C. sum D. number 22) We ________ these raw materials directly from the producers.
A. produce B. manufacture C. manipulate D. purchase 23) I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly ________ to me. A. happened B. entered C. occurred D. bit 24) A snail is an animal which moves at very slow ________. A. scale B. walk C. rate D. step 25) When did that style of dress ________?
A. go out of fashion B. become extinct
C. go extremes D. go to the market
IV. Put the following into English: 1) 供与求
2) 商品与服务项目 3) 以不同的价格 4) 彼此接触
5) 某个特定的场所 6) 劳务服务
7) 市场需求 8) 个人需求
9) 复杂的通信手段
V. Put the following into Chinese：
1) Historically, the self-regulating market economy is a modern rather than an
ancient invention.
2) This kind of economy developed considerably at the time of the English Industrial Revolution. 3) In freeing people from soil the Industrial Revolution bound them to machines. 4) Of course, need remains the most important reason for buying something. 5) Knowing the reasons behind decisions to buy things makes a better shopper. 6) As we know, a market at least involves two parties: the sellers and the buyers.
VI. Cloze：
John left the United States in 1969 to work in Africa. Africa was hot, and when John came back to the United States in 1979, he said ___1___, “It’s ___2___ here than it was ___3___ I left. I’m going to buy an electric heater（电暖气）. ___4___, everything is much more expensive.”
John went to a store the next day to buy an electric heater. The salesman showed him three ___5___ four different kinds and then said, “And this is our best electric heater. It costs ___6___ money, but it saves half of your electricity, and electricity is very expensive now, ___7___?”
“Yes, it’s very expensive,” John answered, “and it’s becoming worse every year.” He looked at the electric heater carefully, ___8___ for a few seconds and then said, “Well, I’ll take two of ___9___, please, and then I’ll save ___10___my electricity.”
A. much colder B. Also C. isn’t it D. these E. all of F. a lot of G. before H. to himself I. or J. thought
Reading for Fun
Words to Know
whereby [hwɛə'bai] ad. 靠那个；凭借那个；借以 consumer [kən'sju:mə] n. 消费者，用户
intermediary [intə'mi:diəri] n. 媒介物，中间人 a. 中间的，媒介的 commerce ['kɔmə:s] n. 商业，商务，贸易 virtual ['və:tjuəl] n. 虚拟 a. 虚拟的 evoke [i'vəuk] vt. 唤起，引起
physical ['fizikəl] a. 物理的，物质的，体力的，身体的，自然的 analogy [ə'nælədʒi] n. 类似，相似；类推，类比
bricks and mortar 实体商店，实体企业，现实世界的传统商店 retailer ['ri:teilə] n. 零售商人
Online shopping
Online shopping is the process whereby consumers directly buy goods or services from a seller in real-time, without an intermediary service, over the Internet. It is a form of electronic commerce. An online shop, eshop, e-store, internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping centre. The process is called Business-to-Consumer (B2C) online shopping. When a business buys from another business it is called Business-to-Business (B2B) online shopping.
Unit 1
对话： 购物
玛丽： 这周末有空吗？我想去购物。 琳达： 好啊，你有什么要买的吗？
玛丽： 也没什么特别要买的。我就是好久不去买东西了。 琳达： 我也是。那咱们去哪儿逛呢？
玛丽： 去女人街好不好？那里卖衣服的小店特别多。 琳达： 好啊，我还没去过女人街呢。你想哪天去呢？ 玛丽： 周六吧，这样周日还可以休息。 琳达： 你想在哪儿碰头呢？
玛丽： 在东直门地铁站里碰头吧。那儿离女人街很近。 琳达： 好，到时见喽。
课文
市场
市场可解释为一群人或一些商行彼此接触，以达到交换商品或服务的目的。\"市场\"这一术语至少包括买卖双方。
当今随着复杂的交通工具及通讯手段的出现，买卖双方彼此间不必直接接触，因此最好不要把市场想象为某个特定的场所。卖方供应某些有价值的商品，是供方；而买方则需要某些有价值的货物，是求方。价格多少则由供求双方的相互作用决定。
实际上，所有的商品和服务项目都有其价格。汽车有价格，你父亲的劳动服务也有价格，即他的工资或薪金。
市场需求是指社会所有成员对某种商品需求的总和。所谓个人需求，是指某些个人在一定时间以不同的价格在市场上能够并愿意购到的商品量。
商品的需求量(增加或减少)随人口、工资率、 税收、生活方式等而变化。这就是说，虽然价格不变，需要的商品是可能增加，也可能减少。
Exercises
Dialogue: Shopping I.
1. 答案a long time，译文：玛丽就是好久不去买东西了。 2. 答案Nu Ren Jie，译文：玛丽和琳达要去女人街。 3. 答案a lot of，译文：那里卖衣服的小店特别多。
4. 答案Saturday，译文：他们打算周六在东直门地铁站里碰头。 II.
1. 答案Neither，译文：父子俩对这部电影都不感兴趣。 2. 答案met up，译文：上个月我们在新加坡又碰上了。 3. 答案in particular，译文：她特别强调了那一点。 4. 答案What about，译文：吃些面包好吗？
Text: Market
I. True / false statements:
1) 答案F，译文：市场这一术语是指买卖双方进行不断密切接触的场所。 2) 答案T，译文：如我们所知，市场至少包括买卖双方。 3) 答案T，译文：供应商是提供商品或服务的一方。
4) 答案T，译文：价格多少由供求双方的相互作用决定。
5) 答案F，译文：市场需求是指市场上的供应商愿意接受的价格。
II. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. 1) 答案definition 译文：她对我们清楚地解释了这个问题。 2) 答案purposed 译文：他打算访问美国。
3) 答案involve译文：这些营业上的变更牵涉所有股东的利益。 4) 答案transportation 译文：运输船满载士兵。
5) 答案communicates译文：我认为他没有把他的意思表达清楚。 6) 答案suppliers 译文：大陆公司是世界最大的谷物供应商之一。 7) 答案particularly 译文：史密斯教授尤其对中枢神经系统感兴趣。 8) 答案determination 译文：她来的时候下决心只留两个星期。
III. Choose the best item to complete each of the following sentences： 1) 答案A。原句：This booklet defines the committee’s functions. 译文：这本小册子定义了委员会的职能。
2) 答案C。原句：No one whom Alfred has taught seems ever to lose contact with him.译文：阿尔弗雷德教过的学生
中似乎从来没有人与他失去联系的。
3) 答案C。原句：Some people go through life with no purpose at all.
译文：一些人生活度日毫无目的。
4) 答案A。 原句：She exchanged her old car for a new model as soon as she had won the money. 译文：她赢得
那笔钱之后，马上把她的旧车换成一款新车。
5) 答案A。原句：I found it very refreshing to exchange ideas with your mother.
译文：我觉得与你母亲交流思想是件非常令人愉快的事。
6) 答案A。原句：Professor Wang is compiling an English-Chinese dictionary of chemical terms. 译文：王教授正
在编制化学名词的英汉词典。
7) 答案A。原句：The plan involves the cooperation of young and old.
译文：该计划涉及年轻人和老年人的协作。
8) 答案B。原句：The new mayor must deal with many complex problems. 译文：新市长必须处理许多棘手的问题。
9) 答案A。原句：Brazilian coffee is usually transported by ships because this way is cheaper.译文：巴西咖啡通常
是由船舶运输，因为这样比较便宜。
10) 答案A。原句：As he had a science degree and varied experience in engineering technology, he found a good job
in a communications firm.译文：由于他拥有理工科学位以及工程技术上的丰富经验，他在一家通信公司找到一份好工作。
11) 答案D。原句：Mrs. Alberta is so particular about her housework that servants will not work for her.译文：艾伯
特夫人对家务活非常挑剔，仆人都不愿给她干活。
12) 答案B。原句：She thought the painting was of little value , so she let me have it for only ten pounds. 译文：她
认为这幅画价值不大，所以仅以10英镑的价格出让给我。
13) 答案C。原句：There is a great demand for eggs. 译文：鸡蛋的需求量很大。
14) 答案D。原句：The workers demanded a fair wage for their work. 译文：工人要求对他们的工作要给予合理
的薪酬。
15) 答案C。原句：Adam determined on applying for a graduate study in the field of theoretical physics in spite of his
brother’s opposition. 译文：尽管哥哥表示反对，亚当还是决定申请理论物理学领域的研究生课程。 16) 答案A。原句：The motion of the planets caused by their gravitational interactions, as well as the free fall of bodies,
was very well explained by the laws of mechanics. 译文：力学原理很好地解释了，由于行星相互的引力作用造成的行星运动，以及物体的自由落体。
17) 答案B。原句：He was paid by the hour, and he managed to keep his family with his pitiful wages. 译文：人们
按小时给他计酬，他要设法用这点微薄的薪水来养活家人。
18) 答案B。原句：“Death control” refers to the efforts of scientists and doctors to save people’s lives. 译文：“死亡
控制”是指科学家和医生努力，以挽救人们的生命。
19) 答案D。原句：You and I as individuals are of no great importance in the history of our nation. 译文：我和你作
为个体的话，对民族的发展历史没有多大重要性。
20) 答案A。原句：Great quantities of water are needed for cooling purposes. 译文：需要大量的水用于冷却目的。 21) 答案B。原句：We aim at quality rather than quantity as poor quality goods won’t sell well. 译文：我们追求的
是质量而不是数量，因为劣质商品很难销售。
22) 答案D。原句：We purchase these raw materials directly from the producers. 译文：我们直接从生产者手中购
买这些原材料。
23) 答案C。原句：I didn’t know what to do but then an idea suddenly occurred to me. 译文：当时我不知道该怎么
做，但突然间我有了一个主意。
24) 答案C。原句：A snail is an animal which moves at very slow rate. 译文：蜗牛是一种移动速度很慢的动物。 25) 答案A。原句：When did that style of dress go out of fashion? 译文：这种式样的衣服什么时候变得不流行了？
IV. Put the following into English: 1) supply and demand 2) goods or services 3) at various price
4) contact with each other 5) a particular place 6) labor service 7) market demand 8) individual demand
9) complex methods of communication
V. Put the following into Chinese :
1) 从历史角度看，自我调节的市场经济是现代的而不是古老的发明。 2) 这种经济在英国工业革命时得到了相当的发展。
3) 工业革命把人们从土地上解脱出来的同时，又把他们束缚在机器上。 4) 当然，需求仍然是购物最重要的理由。
5) 懂得作出购物决定的理由才能成为一个更好的顾客。 6) 众所周知，市场至少包括买卖双方。
VI. Cloze：
John left the United States in 1969 to work in Africa. Africa was hot, and when John came back to the United States in 1979, he said to himself，“It’s much colder here than it was before I left. I’m going to buy an electric heater. Also everything is much more expensive.”
John went to a store the next day to buy an electric heater. The salesman showed him three or four different kinds and then said, “And this is our best electric heater. It costs a lot of money, but it saves half of your electricity, and electricity is very expensive now, isn’t it?”
“Yes, it’s very expensive,” John answered, “and it’s becoming worse every year.” He looked at the electric heater carefully, thought for a few seconds and then said, “Well, I’ll take two of these, please, and then I’ll save all of my electricity.”
答案：l) H 2) A 3) G 4) B 5) I 6) F 7) C 8) J 9) D 10) E 译文：
约翰1969年离开美国去非洲工作。非洲天气炎热，当约翰1976年回到美国时，他对自己说：“这里比我离开前冷多了。我打算去买一台电暖气。此外，这里每样东西都比我离开前贵多了。”
第二天约翰去一家商店买电暖气。售货员给他看了三、四种不同的电暖气，然后对他说：“这台是我们最好的电暖气，它的价格要贵很多，但它可以帮您节省一半的电费。现在的电费非常昂贵，不是吗？”
“是的，非常昂贵，” 约翰回答，“每年的情况正变得越来越糟。”他仔细看了看那台电暖气，思考了片刻，然后说：“好吧，我要两台这样的电暖气，这样的话我的电费就全节省了。”
趣味阅读
网上购物
网上购物是在没有中介服务的情况下，消费者通过互连网直接从卖方实时购买商品或服务的过程。网上购
物是电子商务的一种形式。网上商店有着eshop, e-store, internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store等多个名称，或被称为虚拟商店，能产生类似从现实世界传统商店的零售商或购物中心购买商品或购买服务的效果。这个过程称为商家对消费者（B2C）的网上购物。当一个商家购买另一商家的商品，就是商家对商家（B2B）的网上购物。
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容