Conversation-1
（第二套）
W: You are going to give a short speech of thanks for the speaker this evening, arenM: Yes.
W: You don’t sound very enthusiastic. ItM: No, I don
’s not that bad, is it?
’t you, Bill?
’t mind, really. But I can never forget the first speech of thanks I did.
W: Why? What happened?
M: Well, I was in my early twenties. I joined the local history society. W: Yes?
M: Anyway, I went along to a lecture by a Miss Bligh. W: Oh. Do go on.
M: She was going to talk with slides about our town in the mid-18th century. She had just published a book on the subject which was reckoned to be quite good. So I went along. When I arrived, the secretary asked me if I could give the speech of thanks. Rather stupidly, I said yes.
W: We’ve all done it.
M: Anyway, from that point on, I was scared. What should I say? I decided to make notes during the lecture and refer to interesting parts and thank her on behalf of the society. In fact, by the time Miss Bligh stood up to talk, I was feeling much better. But she was so nervous that she kept forgetting what to say, and she spoke almost in a whisper. People at the back kept calling out
W: I can imagine it.
M: At least the slides were good, that is, until the bulb in the projector blew. And she had to finish her talk with no illustrations.
W: So what did you say in your speech of thanks?
M: What can you say? You have be polite. I mentioned the interesting facts, referred to the excellent slides, and the finished by saying “We’d all like to thank Miss Bligh for blowing out her slides.
W: Oh, no.
M: I felt terrible. I tried to apologize, not very successfully. W: And the speech of thanks this evening? M: I’ll write down exactly what I
1. What is the man asked to do this evening? 2. What do we learn about the man?
’m going to say and read it carefully.
”
“We can’t hear.
” It was embarrassing.
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3. What does the man say about Miss Bligh?
4. What does the man say about the first time he gave a speech of thanks? Conversation-2
W: Another cup of tea, Paul? M: No, thanks. Well, what
’s new, Laurie?
W: Nothing dramatic. But there is something you should know about. M: What’s that?
W: Well, our rivals are offering extended credit terms to some of the retailers in the area. M: Oh? Which rival is this? We only have two. W: Barratts Company.
M: Oh, them. Well, they are hardly a threat. W: I know they are smaller than us, but we canM: Yes, you are right, Laurie. But I donI’ll look into it on Monday.
W: Yes. And there is something else.
M: Don’t tell me! The letter from the tax revenue office?W: Right. How did you know? M: Tara told me. What
’s the problem?
’s accounts.
’t afford to ignore them.
’t like extended credit. It ties up cash we could put to better use elsewhere,
W: Well. Tome got this letter late yesterday and then went frantic trying to find copies of last yearM: Did he find them?
W: No. And he was away before I could get hold of the letter. M: How about a drive down to the office now? And wewanted a chat with you before Monday.
W: I thought as much. Well, go on. Surprise me.
M: How about selling that new motorcycle of yours in Indonesia? W: What? You mean export? Paul, I think youabroad.
M: Don’t worry, Laurie. I
’m not crazy. I
’ve been away too long. This is Jayal Motors. We
’ll see if everything
’s all right. There’s
’ve
’ve been studying the possibility and I think we should give it a go.
’ll have to reorganize the whole company.
W: It’s not as easy as that, though, is it? We
M: Don’t be silly. I don’intend t starting next week. We’d have to plan it properly. Of course, there will be a few problems.
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W: A few problems? I can see hundreds. For one thing, transport. I have enough trouble delivering bikes to shops only 40 miles away, never mind 5,000 miles!
M: That’s what forwarding agents are for.
5. What does the woman think the man should know? 6. What does the woman think of Barrats Company.
7. What did the woman say about the letter from the tax revenue office? 8. What is the man think of doing? Passage 1
A report on sleep and nutrition released this month found that people who consistently went to bed earlier than 11 p.m. took in fewer calories and ate more healthy food. In contrast,
“night owls
” who go to bed between 11 p.m
the
to consume more coffee, alcohol, refined sugars and processed meats than early risers. This report corresponds with existing scientific literature on bedtime and wellness. The relationship between geeing more sleep and making better food choices is well-documented. A study published last year in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that people
who sleep more tend to eat less unhealthy food than their peers who don’get t much rest. And a 2015 study from the University of California, Berkeley, found that teens who go to bed late are more likely to gain weight over a five-year period. As a group,
“night owls
” types tend to eat less healthy food and take in more calories overall than early risers. The later one
goes to bed, the more calories one records the next day. As yet a challenge to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between sleep and nutrition, there may be a third factor that impacts both of them. Or the relationship could be reversed, that is, people who eat less fall asleep earlier. Still, if late sleepers want to lose a few pounds, they can go to bed earlier than they usually do, thereby, reducing their chance of taking snacks before bedtime.
9.What do we learn about the report released this month?
10. What does the study from the University of California, Berkeley, find about teens who go to bed late? 11. What should Passage 2
Researchers have found not just a diversity problem in Hollywood but actually an inclusion crisis. With less than a week before an Oscars ceremony that has already been criticized for an all-whit list of acting nominees, a study shows the film industry does worse than television. Just 3.4 percent of film directors were female, and only 7 percent of films has cast whose balance of race and ethnicity reflected the country
“night owls
” do to reduce their consumption of unhealthy food?
’s diversity. When researches looked at all TV shows, they aand ” just 22 percent of TV series creators were
found that women of color over 40 were regarded as “largely invisible
female. Overall, the study found half the films and TV shows had no Asian speaking characters and more than one-fifth of them had no black characters with dialogue. The film industry still functions as a straight, whit, boy
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how women are depicted, the study found female characters were four times more likely to be shown in sexy clothing and nearly four times as likely to be referred to as physically attractive. But their results also indicated films and TV shows with women or people of color in the important jobs behind the scenes—director, producer or writer—tended to have better diversity numbers. Across TV and film, the underrepresentation of non-white characters falls mostly on Hispanics. Among more than 10,000 characters, proportions of white, black and Asian characters came close to U.S. population figures. But Hispanics were just 5.8 percent of characters, despite being about 17 percent of the U.S. population.
12. Why has the Oscars ceremony been criticized? 13. What do we learn from the research? 14. Who are regarded as
“largely invisible
” on TV shows?
15. What does the speaker say about Hispanic? Lecture 1
When purchasing life insurance, there are many important factors to consider. One should buy the policies that give the most protection at the least cost, ensure the right family members, and consider the family
’s financial needs. It is
to buy the insurance from companies that are financially sound and that are represented by honest, well-trained agents. At various stages in a person
’s life, different kinds of life insurance are needed for particular situations. Jerry is single and has
no dependents. Probable the only life insurance he needs is enough to cover his debts and burial expenses. Insurance can be purchased at a lower rate during the young years, but by buying while young, the premiums are paid in for a longer period of time. In the end, the amount paid for premium is about the same. A person shouldn
’t buy insurance pr
isn’t necessary. Suppose that Jerry marries Jeannette, who is a college graduate and is working. Perhaps enough insurance would be needed to cover their debts and burial expenses. Now, Jeanette has quit work and their first child is on the way. They have purchased a home with a small down payment and a 30-year mortgage. The situation regarding life insurance takes on a different look. There are dependents who need financial protection. How much insurance is needed? As the family increase in size, it is essential to add more insurance on the breadwinner to protect the dependents. When the children are young and depend upon the family for financial need, families with modest incomes have difficulty providing enough life insurance to protect the mother and the children. Families with modest incomes should insure the breadwinner or breadwinners first. When considering the amount of insurance for the mother with dependent children, substitute child care is a need that should be planned for until the children can care for themselves. The death of a small child would have no effect upon the income of the family. Perhaps a policy to meet funeral expenses would sufficient for the young child, although most people do not take out insurance on their young children. As the children become financially independent of the family, the emphasis on family financial security will shift from protection to saving for the retirement
years. Every
family situation is different, but it is important that each family give adequate thought to planning its financial future.
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16. What life insurance should a singe person buy, according to the speaker? 17. What should people do as their family increases in size? 18. When should one change their life insurance? Lecture 2
“Stereotype
” may sound like a bad word, but there
’s nothing bad about it. For one thing, stereotypes are often accurate.
When you ask people about their concept of stereotypes, they get it pretty much right. Also, stereotypes are often positive, particularly of groups that we ourselves belong to. Some of the statistical generalizations may be positive as some groups have reputations for being smart, for being loyal, for being brave, for all sorts of things that are not at all negative. And so there’s nothing inherently wrong abut stereotypes.
But there are problems with stereotypes. For one thing, they
’re reliable insofar as they
’re based on unbia
But a lot of the information we get about human groups is through biased sources like how theyAnd if these sources don
’t give you an accurate depiction, your stereotype won
’t be accurate.
’re re
For example, many Jews have been troubled by Shakespeare’depiction s of Shylock. If the only Jew you know is Shakespeare’s Shylock, it
’s going to be a very bad impression. So one problem with stereotypes is while we are good at
’t reliable.
drawing conclusions from them, often our information isn
A second problem is that stereotypes, regardless of whether or not they
’re accurate, can have a negati
people that they apply to. And this is what psychologist, Claude Steele, described as stereotype threat. He has a vivid example of this. Here
’s how to make African-Americans do worse on a math test. You have the test and you put on the test
that they have to identify their race. The very act of acknowledging that they are African-Americans when given a test ignites in them thoughts of their own stereotype which is negative regarding academics and that makes them do worse. Want to know how to make a woman do worse on a math test? Same thing, get her to write down her sex.
One recent study found a sort of clever twist on this. When Asian-American women are given a test and they
’re as
to mark down their race, they do better than they would otherwise do. They’re reminded of a positive stereo
their morale. You ask them, on the other hand, to mark down their sex, they do worse because they are reminded of a negative stereotype. That
’s an example of how stereotypes have a potentially damaging effect on people.
19. What does the speaker say about stereotype? 20. What lead to the bias of stereotype?
21. What does the speaker say is a problem with stereotypes? 22. What did one recent study find about stereotype? Lecture 3
Sometimes when you take a common drug, you may have a side effect. That is, the drug may cause some effect other
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than its intended one. When these side effects occur, they are called adverse reactions. Whenever you have an adverse reaction, you should stop taking the drug right away. Ask your pharmacist whether he can suggest a drug that will relieve the symptoms but that will not cause the adverse reaction. If an adverse reaction to a drug is serious, consult your doctor for advice at once.
Drugs that are safe in the dosage stated on the label may be very dangerous in large dose. For example, aspirin is seldom thought of as dangerous, but there are many reports of accidental poisoning of young children who take too many aspirin pills as well as the possible development of Reye syndrome in children with flu. In adults, excessive used of some pain-killing drugs may cause serve kidney damage. Some drugs for relief of stomach upsets, when taken in excess, can perhaps cause serious digestive problems. You should never use any over-the-counter drug on a regular, continued basis, or in large quantities, except on your doctor
’s advice. You could be suffering from a serious illness that needs a doctor
Each drug you take not only acts on the body but may also alter the effect of any other drug you are taking. Sometimes, this can cause dangerous or even fatal reactions. For example, aspirin increases the blood-thinning effects of drugs given to patients with heart disease. Therefore, a patient who has been taking such a drug may risk bleeding if her or she uses aspirin for a headache. Before using several drugs together you should ask your doctor and follow his advice. Your pharmacist can tell you whether certain drugs can safely be taken together.
Alcohol may increase the effect of a drug—sleeping pills combine with alcohol to produce a sleepy feeling. When taking any drug, you should ask your doctor whether drinking alcohol could be dangerous in combination with the medicine.
Experts believe there is a relationship between adult abuse of legitimate medicines and the drug culture has swept our country. You can do your shar to reduce the chances that your children will become part of the drug culture by treating all medicines with respect. Always let your children know that medicines and drugs should not be used carelessly.
23. What does the speaker say you should do when you have an adverse reaction? 24. What does the speaker say about alcohol drinking?
25. What does the speaker call on parents to do at the end of the talk?
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