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小学英语语法-四大时态

2020-12-01 来源:乌哈旅游


四大时态复习

1. 一般现在时

(1)一般现在时的构成(肯定句)

☆ be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy。我是一个男孩. ☆ 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English。我们学习英语. ☆ 当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加\"—s”或\"—es”。 如:Mary likes Chinese. 玛丽喜欢汉语。 (2)一般现在时的变化

☆ 。 be动词的变化。 [否定句]:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker。他不是工人. [一般疑问句]:Be +主语+其它。 如:—Are you a student? -Yes. I am。 / No, I'm not. [特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?

☆ .行为动词的变化.

[否定句]:主语+ don't( doesn’t ) +动词原形(+其它)。如:I don’t like bread. 当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn’t构成否定句.如:He doesn't often play. [一般疑问句]:Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如:- Do you often play football?

- Yes, I do。 / No, I don't。

当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句.

如:— Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does。 / No, she doesn’t。

[特殊疑问句]:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?

*动词+s的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加—s,如:cook—cooks, milk—milks

2.以s. x. sh。 ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess—guesses, wash-washes, watch—watches, go-goes

3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies

2. 现在进行时

(1)一般现在时的构成: be(am,is, are)+ 动词的ing形式。如:I am reading. 我正在读书 (2)现在进行时的否定句在be后加not,即be(am,is, are) + not + 动词的ing形式.

如:She is not doing her homework now。 她现在没有做作业.

(3)现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首,即 Be(am,is, are) + 人 + 动词ing形式。

如:Are you drinking milk now? 你现在在喝牛奶吗?

(4)现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词+ be + 人+ 动词ing? 如:Where are you going? 你现在去哪?

但who当主语时其结构为:Who + be + 动词ing? 如:Who is talking to you? 谁在和你说话?

*动词加ing的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking

2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste—tasting

3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如: run-running, stop—stopping 3. 一般将来时

(1)一般将来时基本结构:①be going to + do(动词原形); ②will+ do(动词原形)。 (2)[否定句]:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not或情态动词will后加not成won't。

结构为:be(am, is, are) + not + 动词原形 will not + 动词原形 (will not = won’t)

例如:①I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon。

→I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon。 ②I will go shopping this weekend。

→I will not go shopping this weekend.= I won't go shopping this weekend。 (3)[一般疑问句]:be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。

例如:①We are going to go on an outing this weekend。 → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend? ② I will play football tomorrow afternoon. → Will you play football tomorrow afternoon? (4)[特殊疑问句] ① 问人用Who

例如:I’m going to New York soon。 →Who’s going to New York soon。 ② 问干什么用What …do。

例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon。 ③ 问什么时候用When.

例如:She's going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?

4. 一般过去时

(1).[肯定句] be动词在一般过去时中的变化:

☆ am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t) ☆ are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)

行为动词在一般过去时的句子中要变成过去式(一般是在句子后面加ed) (2) [否定句]:be动词变成 was not(wasn’t) 或 were not (weren’t) 如:He wasn’t a teacher two years ago. didn't +动词原形

如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday。 (3) [一般疑问句]

有be动词的一般疑问句把was或were调到句首. 如:Were you a teacher two years ago? 句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子,在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形. 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? (4)[特殊疑问句]:① 疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如:What did Jim do yesterday?

② 疑问词是who时:疑问词+动词过去式? 如:Who went to home yesterday?

* 动词过去式变化规则:

☆.一般在动词末尾加—ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked ☆.结尾是e加d,如:taste—tasted ☆.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,

再加-ed,如:stop—stopped

☆.以“辅音字母+y\"结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied ☆.不规则动词过去式:

am,is—was, are-were, do—did, see—saw, say—said, give—gave, get—got, go-went, come—came, have-had, eat-ate, take—took,

run—ran, sing—sang, put—put, make-made, read—read, write-wrote, draw—drew, drink—drank, fly—flew, ride-rode,

speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

【随堂练习】

一、 写出下列动词的第三人称单数

drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________ look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____ come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________ study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______ 二、按照要求改写句子

1. Daniel watches TV every evening。(改为否定句)

___________________________________________________

2。 I do my homework every day。(改为一般疑问句,作否定回答) ________________________________________________________ 3。 She likes milk。(改为一般疑问句,作肯定回答) ___________________________ 4. I like taking photos in the park。(对划线部分提问)

________________________________________________________ 5. John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问)

___________________________________________________ 三.写出下列动词的现在分词:

play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________ live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________ stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________ 四、句型转换:

1. They are doing housework 。(改成否定句)

_____________________________________________________________

2.The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3.I’m playing the football in the playground 。(对划线部分进行提问)

_________________________________________________________________ 4.Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)

_________________________________________________________________ 五.填空.

1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends。 I ________ have a picnic with my friends.

2。 下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球.

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.

What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball。 3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________? Yes, she _________. She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit。 4. 你们打算什么时候见面。

What time _______ you _________ __________ meet? 5. Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定) Nancy ________ going to go camping。 6. I'll go and join them。(改否定) I _______ go ______ join them。

7。 I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句) ________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8。 We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30。(改一般疑问句) _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school。(对划线部分提问) ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school?

10。 My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(对划线部分提问) _________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow。 七.写出下列动词的过去式

fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________

make ________ does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________ draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ 八、句型转换 1. It was exciting.

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 2. All the students were very excited。

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 3。 They were in his pocket.

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 4。 Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 5。 Nancy went to school early。

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________ 6. We sang some English songs.

否定句:________________________________________________ 一般疑问句:____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答:__________________________________________

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