1．refer vi.提到；参考；查阅vt.查询；叫……求助于→reference n．指称关系；参考
2．base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据→based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
3．vary vt.& vi.使多样化；变化→variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→various adj.不同的；各种各样的
4．globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→global adj.全球的；全世界的
5．appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会→appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢 6．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.相同地；同样地→equality n．平等
7．describe vt.& vi.描述；描写→description n．描写(文字)；形容
1．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 ①Mr.Brown loves to study Chinese characters.文字
②Shakespeare made his characters live through their language in his plays.人物 ③At the last moment，Tom decided to put in a new character to make the story seem more likely.角色
④We are good friends and we are much alike in character.性格
2．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究
①Li Ming wants to major in physics at college.主修 ②Environment protection is a major event.重要的 ③He is a major in French at Stanford.主修学生
Words And Phrases
知识要点1 native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的
n．本地人；本国人
(教材P60) How many billion people speak the UN's official languages as their native or second language?
有多少亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二语言?
[例1] Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，但也可以相互理解。 [例2] Is her uncle a native of Shanghai，or just a visitor?她叔叔是上海本地人，还是只是一名游客?
[造句]研究人员说这种虎产于印度。 The researcher says the tiger is native to India. [知识拓展] (1)one's native country/land/language be native to (2)be a native of... [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The kind of horses is not native to America—it was introduced by the Spanish. ②The British forced the natives(native) to leave their land by burning their villages.
完成句子
③As a matter of fact，French is not my native language(我的母语)． [小片断理解]
French is not my native tongue.I'm a native of this place.
知识要点2 refer to 提到；查阅；参考；谈到；提交；把……称作……；指的是；描述；指的是
(教材P60)Pronouns refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier. 代词指的是前面提到的某件事或某个人。 [例1] Does your words refer to all of us? 你说的话是针对我们所有人吗?
某人的祖国/故乡/母语 原产于…… ……的人；生长于……的动物或植物 [例2] The regulations refer only to children. 这些规定只适用于儿童。
[造句]我看了一下手表以便知道准确时间。 I referred to my watch for the exact time. [知识拓展] (1)refer to...as... (2)reference n. [即学即练] 一词多义
①No one referred to the matter again.提及
②When I said some people were stupid I wasn't referring to you.指的是 ③The new law does not refer to land used for farming.有关；适用于
④If you don't know the exact meaning of the word，you may refer to the dictionary.查阅
⑤English is referred to as a universal language.把……称作是
知识要点3 base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据；基础 (教材P62)At the beginning，written Chinese was a picturebased language. 起初，汉字是一种基于图画的语言。
[例1] Please do remember that success is based on hard work. 请一定要记住，成功基于艰苦的努力。
[例2] He used the house as a base for his printing business. 他把房子用作印刷业的基地。
[造句]你不应该把你的报告基于错误的信息。 You shouldn't base your report on false information. [知识拓展] (1)base...on/upon be based on/upon (2)basis n. (3)basic adj. (4)based adj. 把……建立在……的基础上 以……为基础/依据 基础，主要成分 基本的；基础的 以……为基础的，以……为重要部分的 把……称作…… 言及；提及；参考；查阅 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We always base our idea on/upon facts.
②The suggestion was made on the basis(base) of second-hand information. ③The right to work is a basic(base) right of the citizens. ④Based(base) on a lot of researches，his plan is very practical. [小片段填空]
Based on the different technologies，tea is divided into three basic types.(base) 知识要点4 date back(to...)追溯到……
(教材P62)It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu... 它的使用可以追溯到数千年前的龙骨时期……
[例1] As far as I know，the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty. 据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
[例2] According to the expert，the building has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
＝According to the expert，the building has a history which dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座建筑物历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。 [造句]本书中所有照片均可追溯到20世纪50年代。 All the photos in this book date back to/from the 1950s. [知识拓展] (1)date back to＝date from 追溯到…… (2)out of date (3)up to date [名师点津] (1)date from与date back to都用主动语态，不用被动语态和进行时态，但可用动词-ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。
(2)谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但date from和date back to却用一般现在时。
过时的， 陈旧的 最新的，最近的 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our friendship dates(date) back to 1960. ②A lot of new words go out of date very quickly.
③They are very up to date in their method of language teaching.
④According to the expert，the vase has a history dating(date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
知识要点5 variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
(教材P62)Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。
[例1] In my free time，I'd like to take exercise，such as swimming，running and various/a variety of ball games.
在业余时间， 我喜欢锻炼， 例如：游泳、跑步和各种各样的球类运动。 [例2] Susan's idea of freedom was to have variety in her life style.苏珊心目中的自由就是拥有多样的生活。
[造句]音乐本身就有许多种类。 The music itself has so much variety. [知识拓展] (1)a variety of＝varieties of (2)various adj. for various reasons (3)vary vt.&vi. vary from...to... [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The author gave various(vary) resons for having written the book. ②We have varieties(variety) of flowers in our garden.
种类繁多的 不同的；各种各样的 由于种种原因 改变；变化 从……到……不等；在……到…… 之间变动 ③Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school. [小片段填空]
A wide variety of activities have been offered to various students after class in the last three months.These activities vary from playing table tennis to playing chess.(vary) 知识要点6 means n．方式；方法；途径
(教材P62) Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China's present is connected with its past.
书面汉语也成为连接中国的现在与过去的一种重要手段。
[例1] There is no doubt that WeChat is an important means of communication. 毫无疑问，微信是一种重要的交流工具。
[例2] Students sometimes support themselves by means of doing part-time jobs. 学生有时借助兼职工作养活自己。
[造句]所有可能的方法都试过了，但没有一种有效。 ①Every possible means has been tried，but none has worked. ＝②All possible means have been tried，but none has worked. [知识拓展] (1)a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具 (2)by this means by means of by no means [即学即练] 完成句子
①We can save much time by this means(通过这种方法)． ②She is by no means(一点也不) stupid. ③I escaped by means of(借助) a secret tunnel. 知识要点7 regard n．尊重；关注
vt.把……视为；看待
(教材P62)The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which
通过这种方法 用……办法；借助…… 决不，一点也不(位于句首时，句子 用部分倒装) has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对中国书写体系的高度重视体现在汉字的发展中，汉字作为一种艺术形式，被熟知为中国书法，已经成为中国文化的重要组成部分。
[例1] I regard this novel as one of the best one I have ever read. 我认为这是我读过的最好的小说中的一部。 [例2] She has no regard for other people's feelings. 她无视别人的感受。
[造句]我们非常尊敬先进工作者。
We have a great regard for the advanced workers. [知识拓展] (1)regard/consider...as... 认为……是…… (2)have high/no regard for... 高度关注/无视…… with/in regard to sth. give one's regards to sb. (3)regarding prep. [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. ②He knew nothing regarding (regard)the case. ③The novel is regarded as one of the classic works. ④Please give my kind regards(regard) to your family. 知识要点8 appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi.增值
(教材P62) As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
[例1] Many people can't fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise. 许多人没有充分认识到定期锻炼的重要性。
关于某事 向某人致意；代……向某人问候 关于，至于 [例2] I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are free in advance. 如果你提前告知我你是否有空我将感激不尽。 [造句]你尽早回信我将感激不尽。
I'd appreciate your writing me back as soon as possible. [知识拓展] (1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.ing I would appreciate it if... (2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激 express one's appreciation to sb.for sth. [即学即练] 单句语法填空
①We appreciate your helping(help) us.
②I would appreciate it if you would send me the postcard as soon as possible. ③Our house has appreciated(appreciate) by 50% in the last two years. [小片段填空]
Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert，at which everyone is clapping and appreciating your music?This appreciation surely can motivate you to perform the best.(appreciate)
Sentence Patterns
重点句式1 “of＋抽象名词”结构
(教材P62)That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
该书写体系对于统一中国人民和中国文化都具有重要意义。 [句式分析]
of great importance属于“of＋抽象名词”结构，相当于very important。 [例1] What you are saying is of no interest(＝not interesting) to me. 你说的话让我提不起兴趣。
表达因某事对某人的感激之情 假如……，我将不胜感激 重视/感激…… [例2] His opinion is considered to be of great value(＝very valuable)． 大家一致认为他的观点很有价值。 [造句]这种药没有用。 This medicine is of no use. [知识拓展] (1)名词是use/importance/help/value/interest/quality/benefit/necessity等时，相当于其名词所对应的形容词，这类名词前可用no，some，any，little，much，great等词修饰。 (2)名词是age/shape/colour/size/kind/type/price/height/depth/ width/length/weight等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，这类名词前可用the same，different，good等修饰。 [即学即练] 句型转换
①Smoking is of no benefit to you. →Smoking is not beneficial to you. ②This line is as long as that one. →The two lines are of the same length． 完成句子
③I feel happy that the work I'm doing is of much value． 我很高兴，我做的这项工作非常有价值。
④Your skirt is of the same size with mine but of different colours． 你的裙子和我的裙子大小相同但颜色不同。 ⑤These flags are of different colours． 这些旗帜颜色不同。
⑥Having the answers ready will be of great help． 准备好答案会很有帮助。
重点句式2 no matter where/what...引导让步状语从句
(教材P62)Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
[句式分析]
No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。
[例1] No matter how difficult the problem is，we should not lose heart. 无论问题有多难，我们都不应该丧失信心。
[例2] No matter what/Whatever you say，I won't believe you any longer.
无论你说什么，我再也不相信你了。
[造句]无论我什么时候不高兴，都是我的朋友简让我开心起来的。
Whenever(＝No matter when)I'm unhappy，it is my friend Jane who cheers me up. [知识拓展] (1)no matter how意为“不管；无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，相当于however。 (2)“no matter＋特殊疑问词(如who/what/where/when等)”均可引导让步状语从句，可与特殊疑问词-ever等词互换。 (3)“疑问词＋ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。 [即学即练] 完成句子
①I'll post that letter no matter what Wilson says. 不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄出那封信。 ②No matter which you like，you can take it away. 你喜欢哪个就拿走哪个。
③No matter how hot it is，he will not take off his coat. 无论多热，他也不会脱掉外套。
④Whoever(＝No matter who) you are，you must obey the law. 不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。 ⑤Whatever he said was right. 无论他说什么都是对的。
1．China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the
way through into modern times，despite the many ups and downs in its history.
[分析] 本句为复合句，which引导定语从句，修饰civilisation；despite是介词，构成介词短语作状语。
[译文] 中国因其古文明而广为人知，虽然古文明在历史上有兴衰起伏，但它成功传承到了现代。
2．There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
[分析] 此句为并列复合句，There are many reasons 与but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system 为并列句，why this has been possible为定语从句修饰先行词reasons。
[译文] 这其中有很多原因，不过一个主要因素就是汉字的书写体系。 3．Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
[分析] 本句主句为：the system developed into different forms; because引导原因状语从句， 原因状语从句包含一个when people were divided geographically定语从句， 修饰先行词time; leading to many varieties of dialects and characters为v.ing 作结果状语。
[译文] 随着时间的推移，书写体系发展成不同的形式，因为那时人们居住在不同的地理区域，导致了多种方言和文字的形成。
教材 Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country develop in one direction. China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times，despite the many ups and downs in its history. 高考 Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point roll.(2019·浙江卷) Despite their many differences，all human beings share several defining characteristics，such as large brains and the ability to walk upright on two where the Chinese writing system began to in the history of rock and legs.(2019·江苏卷) A lot of business is still done over the At the beginning，written Chinese was a picturebased language. phone，and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.(2019·北京卷)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. You'd better learn some basic (base) Chinese before you come to our school.Only in this way can you get used to the life here soon.
2．Our school lies in Tianjin，which is beautiful.In autumn，it is neither too hot nor too cold.
3．As a result，we often take part in varieties (various) of after-school activities. 4．As is known to us，China is widely known for its ancient civilization. 5．Henry told me that there was a time when he stayed up every night going over his lessons.
6．My mother won't allow me to lie to her no matter what happens. 7．Sometimes I enjoy playing (play) the piano，but sometimes I find it really boring.
8．All possible means will be tried (try) to find a way to settle the problem. 9．What is your attitude towards/to senior high students taking up a part-time job? 10．As is known to us，the panda is native to China. Ⅱ.短语填空
ups and downs，of great importance，based on，a number of，date back to，refer to，varieties of，by means of，regarded as，according to 1．It's of great importance to study English well. 2．The company has undergone many ups and downs． 3．Varieties of books are being sold at this bookshop. 4．What time can the marathon date back to? 5．This novel is based on historical facts. 6．I was not referring to her when I said so. 7．A number of students are planting trees on the hill. 8．The teacher explained the question by means of an example. 9．He was later regarded as a sea god by the people in Fujian and Taiwan. 10．They both played the game according to the rules. Ⅲ.课文语法填空
The main reason 1.why China's ancient civilisation has continued all the way through into modern times has been the Chinese writing system.At the beginning，written Chinese was a picturebased language，which 2.dates (date)back several thousand years to the use of longgu.
Symbols 3.were carved (carve)on animals bones and shells by ancient Chinese people.Over the years，there was 4.a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically，5.leading(lead) to many varieties of dialects and characters.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states 6.into one unified country，making the Chinese writing system begin to develop in one direction.It was of great 7.importance (important)in uniting the Chinese people and culture.People in modern times can read the classic 8.works(work) written by Chinese in ancient times.Nowadays，Chinese calligraphy has become an important part of Chinese culture.As China plays a greater role in 9.global(globe)affairs，a large number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this 10.amazing (amaze)language.
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容