With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot of people. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. These days lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet.
Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are often lower online; you don’t have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any product imaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.
Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of online shopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to £ 240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of £ 233 (3,262 yuan) for men.
In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the security of entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shopping online has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internet users still do have security worries but it hasn’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers.
One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending per person on the high street is only £ 197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying their Christmas gifts online.
参考范文：
This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homes for cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of online shopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concern for shopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressure from widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their sales promotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)
分析过程： 一、试题详解 1.核心内容
本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。第一段主要讲随着圣诞购物季的到来,今年许多人选择在家网购。 第二段讲了网上购物变得流行的原因。第三段主要是讲无论男女都热衷网购,不过网购对女士更有吸引力。第四段主要是讲对网购安全的担忧并未降低网购人数。第五段主要讲面对网购的冲击,传统商 场在圣诞购物季到来时的应对措施——提前打折。 2.写作思路
抓住关键信息,理解段落大意。准确理解文章内容,在此基础上理清文章脉络、概括段落大意是 写摘要的关键。第一段的主要信息是However后的这句话,其他则是次要信息。第二段的关键词是 popular 和 reasons。第三段信息重点是 but 后面的“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”。第四段的关键信息是 security 和“ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”,关 键信息之间的逻辑关系是转折。第五段主要信息是“the bargains have come early”及其原因,该段大意 需要在理解的基础上进行概括。
确定表达要点,简要提炼概括。将每段的段落大意都作为表达的要点可以确保不遗漏。第一段表达要点是“not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping”也可以是“lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of the Internet’’,结合背景圣诞购物,概 括起来就是“people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homes”。第二段的表达要点是reasons,可以考虑整合到第一段。第三段的要点是“women are expected to do more shopping on the Internet than men”,利用简化原则,概括起来就是“women spend more than men”。第四段概括起来核心内容是“security worries haven’t slowed down the ever-increasing numbers of online shoppers”。第五段要点是“the bargains have come early”和“one victim of the online shopping boom”, 概括起来就是“Because of the popularity of online shopping,the bargains have come early. ”。
Exercise 2
The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 and has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California.
The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and Japan.
The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown widows for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, entry way corners, storage closets and garages. They choose places that are more exposed than sites chosen by black widows and therefore,appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned.
One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on humans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that the bite hurt when it was given and it left a red mark.
There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. Therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. Avoiding a mess of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders.
参考范文：
The brown widow spider, suspected to develop in Africa and live in tropical and subtropical countries and areas,(要点2) has settled in America and has been found enlarging its population in California.(要点1) It has a preference for protected places as their habitats.(要点3) Though it’s less dangerous than other widow spiders,it’s more exposed to humans.(要点4) Therefore, what we can do is to use insecticides to control them, and reducing clutter around the house should be another way to get rid of its nests.(要点5)
分析过程： 一、试题详解
核心内容
本文是一篇说明文,全文共分五段。第一段主要讲褐寡妇蜘蛛在美国生存并繁衍的过程。第二段 说明了褐寡妇蝴蛛可能起源于非洲,主要生活在热带、亚热带国家和地区。第三段说明了该种蜘蛛的生 活习惯及特征。第四段主要说明尽管与其他寡妇蜘蛛相比褐寡妇蜘蛛毒性较小,但对人类来说仍是一个威胁,并说明了被褐寡妇蜘蛛咬的特点。第五段说明目前还没有消灭它的办法,人们只能尽力控制和 通过保持整洁来预防。 1.写作思路
(1)理清文章脉络,概括段落大意。该文第一段中可以发现本文的关键词为“the brown widow spider”,以及一些美国的地名,可以确认本段的一个关键词为expansion;第二段的主题句是第一句,并 且从“where it might have originated”可以清楚地看出说的是蜘蛛的起源。第三段和第四段的主题句 都很清晰,都是段首第一句,第五段前两句也表明了段落主要内容,即只能通过一些化学药品来控制。
(2)确定表达要点,灵活准确表达。将每段的段落大意都作为表达的要点可以确保不遗漏。在确定 表达要点后要思考如何准确灵活表达,这是难点。因为评分标准要求完全使用自己的语言。灵活表达 的重要技巧是对原来的语言进行同义替换（paraphrase),同时要对相关内容进行整合。要点1要点出 全文的关键信息“brown spider”正在美国蔓延。要点2说的是褐寡妇蜘蛛的起源及分布地区,这两点内 容可以适当整合；为了避免重复,我们可以把一些词进行转换,比如将establish表达为settle, expansion 可以表达为enlarge/spread等。要点3要根据第三段第一句即该段的大意,来表达要点。蜘蛛的栖息 地,可用habitat—词表达。最后一句有过渡作用,引出第四段说明该蜘蛛的危害即要点4,表明虽然危 险相对较小,但人们更容易接触到它。最后一段说明了我们需要做的预防工作,可以用“what we can do is…”来引出。
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