Lesson 8 The best and the worst

Lesson 8 The best and the worst

【New words and expressions】

★competition n. 比赛，竞赛（暗地里的竞争）event in which people compete; contest 比赛; 竞赛: boxing, chess, beauty competitions 拳击﹑ 棋类﹑ 选美竞赛

~ (between/with sb) (for sth) competing; activity in which people compete 竞争; 角逐: Competition between bidders for this valuable painting has been keen. 拍卖时各出价人对这幅名画竞争很激烈. * We're in competition with (ie competing against) several other companies for the contract. 我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同.

Compete: try to win sth by defeating others who are trying to do the same 竞争; 对抗; 比赛 (V.)

compete with/against同 ... 竞争

They found themselves competing with foreign companies for the market.

compete for (为 ... )争夺, 竞争

The stores have to compete for customers in the Christmas season.

compete in vt. 在 ... 方面竞争(赛)

The company must be able to compete in the international marketplace.

compete to do sth 竞争做某事

Several advertising companies are competing to get the contract.

can't compete (with sth)

(=be unable to be more successful than sth. )

Small, independent bookstores simply can't compete with the big national chains

所有的比赛都可以通称为competition

速度比赛：race n. 比赛，竞赛

car race 汽车赛

球赛：match n. 比赛

football match

contest n. 比赛（更广泛）

beauty contest 选美

game : 游戏, 运动

★neat adj. (of things) arranged in an orderly way; done carefully; tidy （指事物）安排有序的, 整洁的，井井有条细心完成的, 整齐的: a neat cupboard, room, row of books, garden 整齐的柜橱﹑ 房间﹑ 一排书﹑ 花园 * neat work, writing, etc 精心的作品﹑ 写得匀整的字

clean adj. 干净的

neat=tidy

tidy (up) the room 整理房间

★pool n. a hole or container that has been specially made and filled with water so that people can swim or play in it 水池, 水塘, 水坑（尤指自然形成者）

inflatable pool 充气水池

swimming pool 游泳池

pond: a small area of water that is smaller than a lake. Ponds are often made artificially. 池塘（尤指供牲畜饮水或作为花园之装饰者）: a fish pond 养鱼池

【课文讲解】

1、Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town.

Joe's garden is the most beautiful.

Bill's garden is the largest.

Bill’s garden is larger than Joe’s.

（比较的东西都是同类的事物 Joe’s 的“’s”不能省略）

2、Nearly everybody enters for 'The Nicest Garden Competition' each year, but Joe wins every time.

nearly和almost意义相似，表示“几乎”、“差不多”、“差点儿”的意思。

I have nearly forgotten his name. 我差点把他的名字忘了。

I’m nearly/almost ready. 我快准备好了。

enter for ： give the name of (oneself or sb else) for a competition, race, etc 报名参加（各种竞赛，考试等活动）（只强调报名）

I've entered for the high jump.

我已报名参加跳高比赛。

Our team has entered for the competition.

我们队已报名参加比赛

enter sb for sth替某人报名参加（竞赛等）The teacher entered him for the examination. 老师替他报名参加考试. * enter a horse for a race 给马报名参加赛跑.

* enter

(a) vt.

come or go in or into (sth) 进来; 进去; 进入（某物）中: Don't enter without knocking. 进屋前先敲门. * enter a room 进屋 * The train entered the tunnel. 火

车进了隧道. * Where did the bullet enter the body? 子弹是从身体的什麽地方射入的? We‘ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation. 他很快便加入了他们的谈话。

(b) vt. [Tn no passive 不用於被动语态] become a member of (sth); gain admission to (sth) 成为（某组织）的成员; 得到进入（某组织）的允许: enter a school, college, university, etc 考上学校﹑ 学院﹑ 大学等 * enter the Army/Navy/Air Force 参加陆军[海军/空军] * enter a profession 从事一职业 * enter the Church, ie

become a priest 成为牧师.

win（won，won） v. 赢 be victorious in (a battle, contest, race, etc); do best 在（战斗﹑ 比赛等）中赢; 获胜: ① vi. 赢Which team won? 哪个队赢了? * She was determined to win (the race). 她决心要赢（这项径赛）. * win a bet 赢一赌注.

I win. I lose. (输了)

② vt. 赢得… [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (from sb) obtain or achieve sth as the result of a bet, competition, race, etc （在赌博﹑ 竞争﹑ 径赛等中）赢得或获得某事物: She won first prize. 她获得了一等奖.

win something 后面往往是奖品,不能接对手

I win the book. I win the gold/silver/bronze medal.

win the first/second/thrid place

win a prize 赢得了一个奖

win a prize for… 因为……而获奖

注意：win 后不能加对手。

defeat+对手 打败、战胜某个人

I defeat you.

3、Bill Frith's garden is larger than Joe's.

名词加-’s表示所属关系（possession），构成名词的所有格。这类名词往往指有生命的东西，特别是人。

4、He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool.

make和build在这里是同义词，“修建，建造”。make的词义比较笼统、广泛，可解释为“做、作出、制造”等，而build主要限于建筑业，指“建造，建设，盖房子，修筑（桥梁）等”

Have you made the skirt by yourself?

They have made a road along the river.

【Key structures】

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级

比较级（the comparative degree）相当于汉语中“比……更……”这种句型，最高级（superlative degree ）则表示在某个范围“最……”的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the，并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。

1、比较级和最高级的构成：

比较级的构成规则

1．一般单音节词（single syllable）和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词

如：small→smaller→smallest

short→shorter→shortest

tall→taller→tallest

great→greater→greatest

（2）双音节词

如：clever→cleverer→cleverest

narrow→narrower→narrowest

2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比较级在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest

nice→nicer→nicest

able→abler→ablest

3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：big→bigger→biggest

hot→hotter→hottest

fat→fatter→fattest

4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est；

如：easy→easier→easiest

heavy→heavier→heaviest

busy→busier→busiest

happy→happier→happiest

5．其他双音节词和多音节词（一个元音为一个音节），比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；

如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

different→more different→most different

easily→more easily→most easily

tired→more tired→most tired (很重要，也很特殊)

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。

例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示\"非常\"。

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。

如：good（well）→better→best

bad（ill）→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most

little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest（farther:距离上的远和更远，further:程度上的更进一步）

old(older elder, oldest eldest)

older 比……大

She is older than somebody

elder 做定语修饰其他名词

elder sister (年长的)姐姐

2、比较级和最高级的用法

在使用比较级时，如果需要把所比较的两项都提到，那么就必须比较级后用than：

1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”。

如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高。

注意：

① 在含有连词than的比较级中，前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴，即同类事物之间的比较。

②在比较级前面使用much，表示程度“强得多”。

如：A watermelon is much bigger than an apple.

③ very, quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比较级。

2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……”

如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes.

春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。

It is getting cooler and cooler.

天气越来越凉爽。

The wind became more and more heavily.

风变得越来越大。

Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.

我们的学校变得越来越美丽。

3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比较级形式。

如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高，Tim还是Tom?

4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”，表示“越……越……”。

The more money you make, the more you spend.

钱你赚得越多，花得越多。

The sooner，the better.

越快越好。

形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较，表示“最……”的意思。

句子中有表示范围的词或短语。如：of the three, in our class等等。

如：He is the tallest in our class.

他在我们班里是最高的

最高级的限定范围一般用of，among，in等介词短语；限定范围也可以是从句；如果范围很清楚，则可以省略。

John is the tallest of the three brother.

This is the coldest day in ten years.

Mary is the most intelligent person I’ve ever met.

【Special Difficulties】

every构成的合成词

every和one，body，thing可以构成复合不定代词everyone，everybody，everything。Everyone和everybody一般可以替换使用，后面的代词既可以用单数，也可以用复数，但它们本身均被视为单数。

Everyone/Everybody knows what he has to do.

=Everyone/Everybody knows what they have to do. 每个人都知道自己必须做什么。

Everything is going well. 一切都很顺利。

each和every均可译为“每一个”，两者常可互换。every只能是形容词性，强调整体，常用来指一个大的、不确定的数目，不能直接做主语；each既可作形容词，又可作代词，强调个体，常用以一个确定的并通常是有限的数目，在作代词时，直接作主语或宾语，使用第三人称单数

Every/Each time I wash the car it rains.

Enter and Enter for

enter

① vt.&vi. 进入

enter+地点名词

Always knock on the door before you enter.

② vt.&vi. 参加，加入

We’ve entered into an agreement. 我们已达成一项协议。

He soon entered their conversation.

enter for+表示比赛、竞赛、考试的名词 报名参加, 强调报名

enter for the exam

She entered (her name/herself) for the mathematics competition. 加数学竞赛。

take part in 真正的参加

她报名参