地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions
地形 land form
地貌 geomorphology, relief 微地貌 microrelief
地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit
坡度 grade
地形图 relief map 河谷 river valley 河道 river course
河床 river bed(channel)
冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat) 阶地 terrace
冲积平原 alluvial plain 三角洲 delta
古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇 alluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial fan 坡积裙 talus apron 分水岭 divide 盆地 basin
岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform
溶洞 solution cave, karst cave 落水洞 sinkhole
土洞 Karstic earth cave 2地层岩性
地层 geostrome (stratum, strata)
岩性 lithologic character, rock property
岩体 rock mass 岩层 bed stratum
岩层 layer, rock stratum 母岩 matrix, parent rock 相变 facies change
硬质岩 strong rock, film 软质岩 weak rock 硬质的 competent 软质的 incompetent 基岩 bedrock
岩组 petrofabric 覆盖层 overburden 交错层理 cross bedding 层面 bedding plane 片理 schistosity 层理 bedding 板理（叶理） foliation 波痕 ripple-mark 泥痕 mud crack
雨痕 raindrop imprints
造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物 clay mineral 高岭土 kaolinite
蒙脱石 montmorillonite 伊利石 illite 云母 mica
白云母 muscovite 黑云母 biotite 石英 quartz 长石 feldspar 正长石 orthoclase 斜长石 plagioclase
辉石 pyroxene, picrite 角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite 构造 structure 结构 texture
组构 fabric(tissue)
矿物组成 mineral composition 结晶质 crystalline 非晶质 amorphous 产状 attitude 火成岩 igneous
岩浆岩 magmatic rock 火山岩（熔岩）lava 火山 volcano
侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock 深成岩 plutonic rock
浅成岩 pypabysal rock 酸性岩 acid rock
中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock
超基性岩 ultrabasic rock
岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike
岩株 rock stock 岩流 rock flow
岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite)
岩盆 rock lopolith 岩墙 rock dike 岩床 rock sill 岩脉 vein dyke 花岗岩 granite 斑岩 porphyry 玢岩 porphyrite 流纹岩 rhyolite 正长岩 syenite 粗面岩 trachyte 闪长岩 diorite 安山岩 andesite 辉长岩 gabbro 玄武岩 basalt 细晶岩 aplite 伟晶岩 pegmatite 煌斑岩 lamprophyre 辉绿岩 diabase 橄榄岩 dunite 黑曜岩 obsidian 浮岩 pumice
火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia
火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate 凝灰岩 tuff
沉积岩 sedimentary rock 碎屑岩 clastic rock 粘土岩 clay rock
粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone 化学岩 chemical rock 生物岩 biolith
砾岩 conglomerate 角砾岩 breccia 砂岩 sandstone 石英砂岩 quartz sandstone 粉砂岩 siltstone
钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone 页岩 shale 盐岩 saline 石灰岩 limestone 白云岩 dolomite 泥灰岩 marl
泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous 砂质 arenaceous 泥质 argillaceous 硅质的 siliceous
有机质 organic matter 粗粒 coarse grain 中粒 medium-grained
沉积物 sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 砂 sand 粉土 silt 粘土 clay
粘粒 clay grain 砂质粘土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand 壤土、亚粘土 loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam 浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil) 黄土 loess 红土 laterite 泥灰 peat 软泥 ooze
淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay
冲积物（层） alluvion 冲积的 alluvial
洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion
洪积的 diluvial 坡积物（层） deluvium 残积物（层） eluvium 残积的 eluvial
风积物（层） eolian deposits 湖积物（层） lake deposits 海积物（层） marine deposits 冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits 崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium
残积粘土 residual clay 变质岩 metamorphic rock 板岩 slate 千枚岩 phyllite lower wall
断距 separation 相交 intersect 断层 fault
正断层 normal fault 逆断层 reversed fault 平移断层 parallel fault
层理 bedding, stratification 微层理 light stratification 地堑 graben
片岩 schist 片麻岩 gneiss 石英岩 quartzite 大理岩 marble 糜棱岩 mylonite 混合岩 migmatite 碎裂岩 cataclasite 3地质构造
地质构造 geologic structure 结构构造 structural texture 大地构造 geotectonic 构造运动 tectogenesis 造山运动 orogeny
升降运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement 完整性 perfection(integrity) 起伏度 waviness 尺寸效应 size effect
围压效应 effect
产状要素 elements of attitude 产状 attitude, orientation 走向 strike 倾向 dip
倾角 dip angle, angle of dip 褶皱 褶曲 fold
单斜 monocline 向斜 syncline 背斜 anticline 穹隆 dome 挤压 squeeze
上盘 upper section
下盘 bottom wall, footwall, confining pressure fold 地垒 horst, fault ridge
断层泥 gouge, pug, selvage, fault gouge
擦痕 stria, striation 断裂 fracture
破碎带 fracture zone 节理 joint
节理组 joint set
裂隙 fissure, crack
微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure 劈理 cleavage
原生裂隙 original joint 次生裂隙 epigenetic joint 张裂隙 tension joint 剪裂隙 shear joint 卸荷裂隙 relief crack
裂隙率 fracture porosity 结构类型 structural pattern 岩体结构 rock mass structure 岩块 block mass
结构体 structural element 块度 blockness
结构面 structural plane 软弱结构面 weak plane 临空面 free face
碎裂结构 cataclastic texture 板状结构 platy structure 薄板状 lamellose
块状的 lumpy, massive 层状的 laminated
巨厚层 giant thick-laminated 薄层状的 finely laminated
软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer
夹层 inter bedding,
intercalated bed, interlayer, intermediate layer
夹泥层 clayey intercalation 夹泥 inter-clay 连通性 connectivity 切层 insequent
影响带 affecting zone 完整性 integrity n.
Integrate v. & a. 断层角砾岩 fault breccia 方解石脉 calcite vein 碎块岩 clastic rock 角砾 breccia 岩粉 rock powder 岩屑 debris, debry 固结 consolidation 定向排列 oriented spread 构造应力 tectonic stress 残余应力 residual stress
degree of integrality 破碎 crumble 胶结 cement
泥化 argillization 尖灭 taper-out 错动 diastrophism
错动层面 faulted bedding plane 断续的 intermittent 破碎 crumble
共轭节理 conjugated joint 散状 loose
透镜状的 lens-shaped a. 岩石碎片 crag
岩屑 cuttings, debris 薄膜 membrane, film 层理 stratification 高角度 high dip angle 缓倾角 low dip angle 反倾 anti-dip
互层 interbed v. Interbedding n. 起伏的 unplanar
波状起伏的 undulate, undulating 粒径 particle size 构造层 tectonosphere 挤压 compression 均一的 homogeneous
剪切错动面zone
切割 dissection 切割的 dissected
致密 close, compact 构造岩 tectonite 糜棱岩 mylonite 4水文地质条件 hydrogeological conditions
水文循环 hydrologic cycle 大气圈 atmosphere 水圈 hydrosphere 岩石圈 geosphere
地表径流 surface runoff 地下径流 subsurface runoff
流域 valley, drainage basin 流域面积 drainage area, river basin area
汇水面积 catchment area
地下水 ground water, subsurface water
地表水 surface water 大气水 atmospheric water
气态水 aqueous (vapour) water 液态水 liquid water 固态水 solid water 上层滞水 perched water 潜水 phreatic water 承压水 confined water
吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water
介质 medium 空隙 void
孔隙水压力 pore water pressure
渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force
扬压力 uplift pressure
静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 外静水压力 external hydrostatic pressure
动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure
shear faulted, bedding 渗透力 seepage pressure
外水压力 external water pressure 内水压力 internal water pressure 水力联系 hydraulic interrelation 水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient
水头损失 water head loss
渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path
渗透系数 penetration coefficient 潜水位 water table level
水位 water level, stage level 水头 water head 含水层 aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard 滞水层 aquiclude
透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer
不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable layer, aquiclude
潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer
承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer
承压面 bearing surface
潜水面 phreatic surface, water table
浸润线 phreatic curve
不透水边界 impervious boundary 地下分水岭 groundwater ridge 粘滞性 viscosity 富水性 abundance
透水性（渗透性）permeability
淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching 反滤层 inverted gravel filter 水锈 incrustation 渗滴 seep
饱和 saturation, saturated 潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level
气象因素 meteorological factor 饱水带 zone of saturation
包气带 aeration zone, zone of aeration
包气带水 aeration zone water 上层滞水 perched water 孔隙水 pore water 裂隙水 fissure water 岩溶水 karstic water
结合水 bound water, combined water
吸着水 hydroscopic water 薄膜水 pellicular water 毛细水 capillary water
重力水 gravitational water 凝结水 condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence
地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验 packer permeability test 抽水试验 pumping test 5物理力学性质
物理力学 physical mechanics n. Physico-mechanical a. 屈服准则 yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria 朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory
剑桥模型 Cambridge model, Cam-model
邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang model 本构方程 constitutive equation 局部剪切破坏 local shear failure 整体剪切破坏 general shear failure
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass
安全系数 factor of safety 埋深 embedment depth 试件 coupons 挠度 deflection 里氏震级 Richter scale 设计烈度 design intensity 基本烈度 basic intensity 场地烈度 site intensity 地震烈度 seismic intensity, intensity scale
卓越周期 predominant period 持力层 sustained yield 超载 surcharge
围岩压力 surrounding rock stress 附加压力 superimposed stress 应力松弛 stress relaxation 应力路迳 stress path 卸荷 unload 渗透率 specific permeability 饱和度 degree of saturation 含水量 moisture content 平均粒径 mean diameter
颗粒 grain, granule, particle 颗粒级配 distribution of grain-size, grain composition, size distribution
级配 graduation, grain-size distribution, gradation, grading
粒度 coarseness grain size, granularity, lump
不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,
variation coefficient, variation factor
颗粒分级 gradation, size grading 孔隙水 pore water 孔隙比 void ratio (ration) 空隙率 air voids 孔隙率 porosity 裂隙率 crackity 溶隙率 karstity 密度 density
重度 unit weight, bulk weight 浮重度 buoyant unit weight 折减系数 reduction factor
压力消散 dissipation of pressure 抗力系数 coefficient of resistance
软化系数 softening coefficient 含水量 water content 稠度 consistency 塑限 plastic limit 液限 liquid limit
塑性指数 plasticity index 液性指数 liquidity index 流变 rheological 蠕变 creep 塑性 plastic
脆性 brittleness(fragility) 粘性 stickness 刚性 rigidity 弹性的 elastic
粘弹性 viso-elasticity 弹塑性 elasto-plasticity 压缩性 compressibility 均质性 homogeneity
非均质性 nonhomogeneity (heterogeneity)
各向同性 isotropy 各向异性 anisotropy 总应力 total stress
有效应力 effective stress
超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗拉强度 tensile strength 抗剪强度 shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peak share strength
长期抗剪强度 long-term shear strength 残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength 负摩擦力 negative skin friction, dragdown
摩擦角 angle of friction
内摩擦角 angle of internal friction 外摩擦角 angle of external friction 内聚力 cohesion
粘聚力 cohesion
假凝聚力 pseudo-cohesion 粘着力 adhesion
摩尔圆 Mohr’s circle 包络线 envelope
休止角 angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值 peak
模量 modulus
弹性模量 modulus of elasticity， Young’s modulus, elastic modulus
压缩模量 modulus of compressibility
变形模量 modulus of deformation 卸荷模量 unloading modulus 切线模量 tangent modulus 剪切模量 shear modulus 割线模量 secant modulus
旁压模量 pressurmeter modulus 泊松比 poisson’s ration 固结 consolidation
固结系数 coefficient of consolidation 固结度 degree of consolidation
超固结比 over consolidation ration
应变 strain
压缩比 compressibility ratio 压缩系数 coefficient of compressibility
压缩指数 compression index 初始曲线 virgin curve 正常固结土 normally consolidated soil 欠固结土 under-consolidated soil 超固结土 over-consolidated soil 被动土压力 passive earth pressure 主动土压力 active earth pressure 静止土压力 earth pressure at rest 覆盖压力 overburden pressure 初始应力 initial stress
地应力场 ground(geostatic) stress field
有效应力 effective stress 动应力 dynamic stress 动荷载 dynamic load
偏心荷载 eccentric loads 循环荷载 inclined loads
地应力 ground stress, geostatic stress
初始应力 initial stress 应力场 stress field 纵波 longitudinal wave 液化势 liquefaction potential 液化指数 liquefaction index 交角 angular 岩石抗力系数 coefficient of rock resistance
容许承载力 allowable bearing capacity 临塑压力 critical pressure 接触压力 contact pressure 6工程地质问题
工程地质问题 engineering geological problem
定性评价 qualitative estimate 定量评价 quantitative estimate 极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method 不良地质现象 unfavorable geological condition
风化 weathering 变形 deformation 位移 displacement
不均匀位移 differential movement 相对位移 relative displacement 沉陷 settlement
山崩 avalanche, toppling
崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse
滑坡、地滑 creep, slide
切层滑坡 insequent landslide 深层滑坡 deep slide 浅层滑坡 shallow slide
顺层滑坡 consequent landslide 滑动面
sliding surface, sliding plane, slip surface
滑动带 sliding zone 滑床 slide bed
滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass 古滑坡 fossil landslide 推移式滑坡 slumping slide
牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide
管涌 piping, internal erosion 渗漏 leakage 流砂 quicksand 渗流 seepage
液化 liquefaction
7工程勘察 engineering investigation 工程地质勘察 engineering geology investigation
岩土工程勘察 geotechnical investigation
工程地质条件 engineering geological condition
工程地质评价 engineering geological evaluation
勘测 survey 岩芯采取率 core recovery, core extraction 岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation
程序（步骤） procedure
勘察阶段 investigational stage 选点踏勘 reconnaissance 初步设计 primary design 初步规划 preliminary scheme
初步勘探 preliminary prospecting 初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance 可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage 初步设计阶段 preliminary stage 施工阶段 construction sage 踏勘 reconnaissance, inspection
地质测绘 geological survey 工程地质测绘 engineering geological mapping
钻探 borehole operation, boring 物探 geophysical exploration 洞探 exploratory adits 钎探 rod sounding
坑探 exploring mining 槽探 trenching 天然建材调查
natural materials surveying (examination)
岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report
鉴定 identification, appraisal 鉴定书 expertise report 鉴定人 identifier, surveyor
校核 verification 总监 chief inspector 比例 proportion 地形图 geographic map 地貌图 geomorphological map 地质图 geological map 工程地质图 engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图
field-acquired geological profile(section)
构造地质图 geological structure map 第四纪地质图 quarternary geological map
地质详图 detail map of geology 地质柱状图 geologic columnar section, geologic log
钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole
纵剖面图 longitudinal section 横剖面图 cross section 展示图 reveal detail map 节理玫瑰图 rose of joints 基岩等高线 bed rock contour
层底等高线 contour of stratum bottom 岩层界线 strata boundary
岩面高程 elevation of bed rock surface
坐标 coordinate 分层 bed separation 地质点 geological observation point 勘探点 exploratory point (spot) 勘探线 exploratory line 勘探孔 exploration hole 平洞 adit
竖井 riser, shaft, vertical shaft
探槽 exploratory trench 探井 exploratory pit
钻孔 borehole, drill hole 机钻孔 ordinary drill hole 套钻孔 sleeve drill hole 管钻孔 pipe drill hole 岩芯 core
岩芯钻探 core drilling
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling 冲击钻探 churn drilling, percussion drilling
钢砂钻探 shot drilling
铁砂钻进 iron shot drilling 跟管钻进 follow-down drilling 振动钻进 vibro-boring, vibro-drilling
泥浆钻探 mud flush drilling 金刚石钻进 diamond drilling 单动式 single acting 双层 double layer
空气钻探 air flush drilling 钻机 drilling rig
钻头 drill bit, drilling bit 螺旋钻头 auger
勺钻 spoon bit
冲击钻头 percussion bit, chopping bit
桶式钻头 bucket auger 钻杆 drill rod 套管 casing 岩芯管 core barrel 冲洗掖 flush fluid
正循环冲洗 direct circulation 反循环冲洗 reverse circulation 泥浆 mud, slurry 泥皮 mud cake 护壁 dado
止水 seal, water seal
扫孔 cleaning bottom of hole 钻进 drilling 平硐 adit 竖井 shaft
钻探 drilling boring 8工程地质试验
击实试验 compaction test 压缩试验 compression test 固结试验 consolidation test
单轴试验 uniaxial compression test
现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test 单剪试验 simple shear test 直剪试验 direct shear test 慢剪试验 slow test
单剪试验 simple shear test 快剪试验 quick test
三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test
三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test
动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test 不固结不排水剪试验 unconsolidated undrained test(quick test) 固结不排水剪试验 consolidated undrained test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验 consolidated drained test(slow test)
原位测试 in-situ test 现场监测 on-site(in-site) monitoring
现场检测 on-site (in-site) inspection 观测孔 observation borehole
静力触探试验 cone penetration test, static penetration test, static cone test
标贯试验 standard penetration test
十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vane test 检层法 up-hole method, borehole method
旁压试验 pressuremeter test 动力触探试验
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding
点荷载试验 point load test 岩石试验 rock test
应力解除法 stress relief method 应力恢复法 stress recovery method 套孔法 over-coring method 9岩土体加固 掌子面 breast, driving face,
heading face, tunnel face 顶拱 vault 底拱 invert
洞室开挖 excavation 超挖 overbreak
风钻 pneumatic drill 开挖断面 excavated section 塌落 slump
细骨料混凝土 concrete made with fine aggregate 细骨料 fine aggregate, fine adjustment
料场 stock ground 土料 earth material
矿渣 cinder, mineral water residue, scoria, slag
性能 function, performance, property, nature
凝结 coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation
合格 qualified, on test, up to standard
初凝 initial set
初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝 final set 配合比 mix proportion 塌落度 slump 水化热 heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat 水灰比 water-cement ratio 粉煤灰 fly ash 梅花状 quincuncial pattern 喷射 shotcrete 浇注 pouring 钢筋网 coiremesh 加固 reinforce
锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt 锚索 anchored cable 锚紧端 anchor station 锚桩 anchored peg 采石场 rock quarry 开挖 excavation
清基 cleanup foundation 明挖 open-cut 爆破 explosion
光面爆破 smooth blasting 预裂法 presplitting 10 水工概论
坝址 toe of dam 坝踵 heel 坝段 monolith 坝顶 crest 坝肩 shoulders 左坝肩 left dam abutment 副坝 saddle dam 三坝址 the third dam site 标高 height mark 上游水位 headwater
正常库水位 normal reservoir level 地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel)
压力隧洞 pressure tunnel 无压隧洞 gravity tunnel 交通洞 access tunnel 灌浆洞 grouting tunnel 明流洞 free-flow tunnel 孔板洞 orifice tunnel 排砂洞 sediment tunnel 尾水洞 tailrace tunnel 排水洞 drainage tunnel 导流洞 diversion tunnel 隧道 tunnel
围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock
围岩应力 secondary stress static 应力集中 stress concentrate 覆盖层 over burden
冒顶 cave in, roof fall 底鼓 bottom heave 回弹 rebound 岩爆 rock burst
冻结法 freezing method 超载 over break 衬砌 lining 围堰 cofferdam 堤 dike
近坝岸坡 abutments
施工（收缩）缝 construction joint 心墙 core
截水墙 cutoff wall
防渗墙 diaphragm wall 排水井 drainage wells
排水幕 drainage curtain 减压井 relief wells 反滤层 filter zone 灌浆材料 grout
水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing 帷幔线 curtain line
上游围堰 upstream cofferdam 混凝土防渗墙 concrete cutoff wall 截流 interim completion 导水墙 channel training wall
正常溢洪道渠首工程 service spillway headwork 消力塘 lined plunge pool 隔墙 divider walls 混凝土护坦 concrete apron 副厂房 auxiliary power house 闸门室 gate chamber 中闸室 mid gate chamber 开关站 switch yard 电梯井 elevator shaft 尾水渠 tail race
非常溢洪道 emergency spillway 11桥梁及基础工程
江阴大桥 Jiangyin Bridge 悬索桥 suspension bridge 锚碇 anchorage
重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage
北锚碇前（后）锚面
front(back) surface of northern anchorage
塔墩 tower 墩 pier 散索鞍 splay saddle 猫道 footbridge 主缆 main cable 索股 cable strand
主鞍 main saddle, tower saddle 主跨 main span 边跨 side span 引桥 approach 钢箱梁 steel box main girder 埋深 embedment depth
北塔墩基础 north tower base
基础 foundation, footing 浅基础 shallow foundation 深基础 deep foundation 联合基础 combined footing 筏形基础 raft(mat) foundation 钢模 steel form 桩 pile
基桩 foundation pile 群桩 pile groups 桩基础 pile foundation 桩承台 pile cap
高桩承台 high-rise pile cap 低桩承台 buried pile cap 摩擦桩 friction pile 端承桩 end bearing pile 嵌岩桩 socketed pile 板桩 sheet pile
旋喷桩 jet-grouted pile 灌注桩 cast-in-place pile
沉管灌注桩 driven cast-in-place pile
支护桩 soldier piles, tangent piles 刚性桩 rigid pile 柔性桩 flexible pile
侧向受荷桩 laterally loaded pile 轴向受荷桩 axially loaded pile 预制桩 precast concrete pile 振动打桩 vibratory pile driving 振动钻进 vibratory drilling 沉箱 caisson
沉井（沉箱） (open) caisson
地下连续墙 diaphragm wall, slurry wall
支撑 bracing 超载 surcharge
接触应力 contact pressure
井点降水 well-point dewatering 桩极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of pile
承载力 bearing capacity 阻力 resistance
桩端阻力 end resistance 表面摩擦力 skin friction 粘着系数 adhesion factor
负摩擦力 negative skin friction 安全系数 factor of safety 压缩层 compressed layer
附加应力 additional stress, superimposed stress
持力层 bearing layer, sustaining layer
地基土 foundation soil, subsoil 临塑压力 critical pressure 剪切破坏 shear failure
地基失效 foundation failure 冲剪破坏 punching failure 渐进破坏 progressive failure 容许荷载 allowable load
极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity
沉降 settlement
沉降差 differential settlement 尾部倾斜 angular distortion 倾斜 tilting
坑底隆起 bottom heave
静止土压力 earth pressure at rest 稳定数 stability number 路堤 embankment
地基处理 ground treatment soil improvement
垫层 cushion
加固 stabilization 注浆 injection 灌浆 guniting 帷幕 curtain
挡土墙 retaining wall 锚固 anchoring 喷浆 guniting
锚杆 earth anchor 盲沟 French drain 振冲法 vibro jet 12监测仪器
观测孔 observation bore/hole 仪器观测 instrumentation 读数装置 readout device
传感器 transducer 探头 probe
压力盒 pressure cell
振弦式应变计 vibrating wire strain gauge
伸长计、变位计 extension meter
板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate 测斜仪 inclinometer 测压计，渗压计 piezometer 垂线 plumb
垂直度 plumbness 13安全监控
可靠性检查 reliability checking 监控模型 monitoring and prediction model
监测 monitoring 资料 datum, data 可靠性 reliability 稳定性 stability 安全 safety
评估 evaluation, appraise 评定 assessment, assess, rate 评价准则 criterion
灾害 hazard, calamity 确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology
应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan)
事故 accident 紧急状态 emergency
紧急检查 emergency inspection 灾情等级 hazard classification 灾害评价 hazard evaluation 风险评估 risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis） 动力（Dynamic Analysis） 蠕变（Creep Material Model）
渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction） 热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀
scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv. 相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault
oblique~bedding bank slope
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