落水洞 sinkhole
土洞 Karstic earth cave
1地形地貌 geographic and geomorphic 工程地质条件 engineering geological conditions
地形地貌条件 geographic and geomorphic conditions
地形 land form
地貌 geomorphology, relief 微地貌 microrelief
地貌单元 landform unit, geomorphic unit
坡度 grade 地形图 relief map 河谷 river valley 河道 river course 河床 river bed(channel)
冲沟 gully, gulley, erosion gully, stream(brook)
河漫滩 floodplain(valley flat) 阶地 terrace 冲积平原 alluvial plain 三角洲 delta
古河道 fossil river course, fossil stream channel
冲积扇 alluvial fan 洪积扇 diluvial fan 坡积裙 talus apron 分水岭 divide 盆地 basin
岩溶地貌 karst land feature, karst landform
溶洞 solution cave, karst cave
2地层岩性
地层 geostrome (stratum, strata) 岩性 lithologic character, rock property
岩体 rock mass 岩层 bed stratum 岩层 layer, rock stratum 母岩 matrix, parent rock 相变 facies change
硬质岩 strong rock, film 软质岩 weak rock 硬质的 competent 软质的 incompetent 基岩 bedrock 岩组 petrofabric 覆盖层 overburden 交错层理 cross bedding 层面 bedding plane 片理 schistosity 层理 bedding 板理（叶理） foliation 波痕 ripple-mark 泥痕 mud crack 雨痕 raindrop imprints 造岩矿物 rock-forming minerals 粘土矿物 clay mineral 高岭土 kaolinite 蒙脱石 montmorillonite 伊利石 illite 云母 mica
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 白云母 muscovite 黑云母 biotite 石英 quartz 长石 feldspar 正长石 orthoclase 斜长石 plagioclase 辉石 pyroxene, picrite 角闪石 hornblende 方解石 calcite 构造 structure 结构 texture 组构 fabric(tissue) 矿物组成 mineral composition 结晶质 crystalline 非晶质 amorphous 产状 attitude 火成岩 igneous 岩浆岩 magmatic rock 火山岩（熔岩）lava 火山 volcano
侵入岩 intrusive(invade) rock 喷出岩 effusive rock 深成岩 plutonic rock 浅成岩 pypabysal rock 酸性岩 acid rock
中性岩 inter-mediate rock 基性岩 basic rock 超基性岩 ultrabasic rock 岩基 rock base (batholith) 岩脉（墙） dike 岩株 rock stock 岩流 rock flow
岩盖 rock laccolith (laccolite)
岩盆 rock lopolith 岩墙 rock dike 岩床 rock sill 岩脉 vein dyke 花岗岩 granite 斑岩 porphyry 玢岩 porphyrite 流纹岩 rhyolite 正长岩 syenite 粗面岩 trachyte 闪长岩 diorite 安山岩 andesite 辉长岩 gabbro 玄武岩 basalt 细晶岩 aplite 伟晶岩 pegmatite 煌斑岩 lamprophyre 辉绿岩 diabase 橄榄岩 dunite 黑曜岩 obsidian 浮岩 pumice 火山角砾岩 vulcanic breccia 火山集块岩 volcanic agglomerate凝灰岩 tuff
沉积岩 sedimentary rock 碎屑岩 clastic rock 粘土岩 clay rock 粉砂质粘土岩 silty claystone 化学岩 chemical rock 生物岩 biolith 砾岩 conglomerate 角砾岩 breccia 砂岩 sandstone
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 石英砂岩 quartz sandstone 粉砂岩 siltstone
钙质粉砂岩 calcareous siltstone 泥岩 mudstone 页岩 shale 盐岩 saline 石灰岩 limestone 白云岩 dolomite 泥灰岩 marl
泥钙岩 argillo-calcareous 泥砂岩 argillo-arenaceous 砂质 arenaceous 泥质 argillaceous 硅质的 siliceous 有机质 organic matter 粗粒 coarse grain 中粒 medium-grained 沉积物 sediment (deposit) 漂石、顽石 boulder 卵石 cobble 砾石 gravel 砂 sand 粉土 silt 粘土 clay 粘粒
clay grain
砂质粘土 sandy clay 粘质砂土 clayey sand 壤土、亚粘土 loam
砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土 sandy loam 浮土、表土 regolith (topsoil) 黄土 loess 红土 laterite 泥灰
peat
软泥 ooze
淤泥 mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp clay
冲积物（层） alluvion 冲积的 alluvial
洪积物（层） proluvium, diluvium, diluvion 洪积的 diluvial 坡积物（层） deluvium 残积物（层）
eluvium
残积的 eluvial 风积物（层） eolian deposits 湖积物（层） lake deposits 海积物（层）
marine deposits
冰川沉积物（层）glacier (drift)deposits
崩积物（层） colluvial deposits, colluvium 残积粘土 residual clay 变质岩 metamorphic rock 板岩 slate 千枚岩 phyllite 片岩 schist 片麻岩 gneiss 石英岩 quartzite 大理岩 marble 糜棱岩 mylonite 混合岩 migmatite 碎裂岩 cataclasite
3地质构造
地质构造 geologic structure 结构构造 structural texture 大地构造 geotectonic 构造运动 tectogenesis 造山运动 orogeny
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 升降运动 vertical movement 水平运动 horizontal movement 完整性 perfection(integrity) 起伏度 waviness 尺寸效应 size effect
围压效应 confining pressure effect 产状要素 elements of attitude 产状 attitude, orientation 擦痕 stria, striation 断裂 fracture 破碎带 fracture zone 节理 joint 节理组 joint set 裂隙 fissure, crack
微裂隙 fine fissure, microscopic fissure
走向 倾向 倾角 褶皱 褶曲 单斜 向斜 背斜 穹隆 挤压 上盘 下盘 wall
断距 相交 断层 正断层 逆断层 平移断层 层理 微层理 地堑 地垒 断层泥 gouge
strike 劈理 cleavage dip
原生裂隙 original joint dip angle, angle of dip 次生裂隙 epigenetic joint fold 张裂隙 tension joint fold 剪裂隙 shear joint monocline 卸荷裂隙 relief crack syncline 裂隙率 fracture porosity anticline 结构类型 structural pattern dome 岩体结构 rock mass structure squeeze 岩块 block mass upper section
结构体 structural element bottom wall, footwall, lower 块度 blockness 结构面 structural plane separation 软弱结构面 weak plane intersect 临空面 free face
fault 碎裂结构 cataclastic texture normal fault 板状结构 platy structure reversed fault 薄板状 lamellose parallel fault
块状的 lumpy, massive bedding, stratification 层状的 laminated
light stratification 巨厚层 giant thick-laminated graben
薄层状的 finely laminated horst, fault ridge
软弱夹层 weak intercalated layer gouge, pug, selvage, fault 夹层 inter bedding, intercalated
bed, interlayer,
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state intermediate layer
夹泥层 clayey intercalation 夹泥 inter-clay 连通性 connectivity 切层 insequent 影响带 affecting zone 完整性 integrity n. Integrate v. & a. 挤压 compression 均一的 homogeneous
剪切错动面 shear faulted, bedding zone 切割 dissection 切割的 dissected 致密 close, compact 构造岩 tectonite 糜棱岩 mylonite 破碎 胶结 泥化 尖灭 错动 错动层面 断续的 破碎 共轭节理 散状 透镜状的 岩石碎片 岩屑 薄膜 层理 高角度 缓倾角 反倾 互层 起伏的 波状起伏的 粒径 构造层 degree of integrality crumble cement argillization taper-out diastrophism faulted bedding plane intermittent crumble
conjugated joint loose
lens-shaped a. crag
cuttings, debris membrane, film stratification high dip angle low dip angle anti-dip interbed v. Interbedding n. unplanar
undulate, undulating particle size tectonosphere
断层角砾岩 fault breccia 方解石脉 calcite vein 碎块岩 clastic rock 角砾 breccia 岩粉 rock powder 岩屑 debris, debry 固结 consolidation 定向排列 oriented spread 构造应力 tectonic stress 残余应力 residual stress 4
水文地质条件 hydrogeological
conditions
水文循环 hydrologic cycle 大气圈 atmosphere 水圈 hydrosphere 岩石圈 geosphere 地表径流 surface runoff 地下径流 subsurface runoff 流域 valley, drainage basin 流域面积 drainage area, river basin area
汇水面积 catchment area
地下水 ground water, subsurface water
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 地表水 surface water 大气水 atmospheric water 气态水 aqueous (vapour) water 液态水 liquid water 固态水 solid water 上层滞水 perched water 潜水 phreatic water 承压水 confined water
吸着水 hygroscopic (adsorptive) water
介质 medium 空隙 void
孔隙水压力 pore water pressure
渗透压力 osmotic pressure, seepage force
扬压力 uplift pressure 静水压力 hydrostatic pressure 外静水压力 external hydrostatic pressure 动水压力 hydrodynamic pressure 渗透力 seepage pressure 外水压力 external water pressure 内水压力 internal water pressure 水力联系 hydraulic interrelation 水力折减系数 hydraulic reduction coefficient
水头损失 water head loss
渗透途径 filtration path, seepage path 渗透系数 penetration coefficient 潜水位 water table level 水位 water level, stage level 水头 water head 含水层 aquifer
弱含水层（弱透水层） aquitard
滞水层 aquiclude
透水层 permeable layer, pervious layer
不透水层（隔水层） aquifuge, impervious layer,
impermeable aquiclude
潜水含水层 phreatic aquifer
承压含水层 confined aquifer, artesian aquifer
承压面 bearing surface
潜水面 phreatic surface, water table 浸润线 phreatic curve 不透水边界 impervious boundary 地下分水岭 groundwater ridge 粘滞性 viscosity 富水性 abundance 透水性（渗透性）permeability 淋滤（溶滤作用）lixiviation, leaching 反滤层 inverted gravel filter 水锈 incrustation 渗滴 seep
饱和 saturation, saturated 潜水位变化带 zone of variable phreatic level
气象因素 meteorological factor 饱水带 zone of saturation
包气带 aeration zone, zone of aeration
包气带水 aeration zone water 上层滞水 perched water 孔隙水 pore water 裂隙水 fissure water
页脚内容 layer,
阐述 expound(explain), state 岩溶水 karstic water
结合水 bound water, combined water
吸着水 hydroscopic water 薄膜水 pellicular water 毛细水 capillary water 重力水 gravitational water 凝结水 condensation water
地下水埋藏条件condition of groundwater occurrence
地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater occurrence
压水试验 packer permeability test 抽水试验 pumping test
5物理力学性质 物理力学
physical mechanics n.
挠度
deflection Richter scale design intensity basic intensity site intensity
seismic intensity, intensity
里氏震级 设计烈度 基本烈度 场地烈度 地震烈度 scale 卓越周期 持力层 超载
predominant period
sustained yield
surcharge
surrounding rock stress superimposed stress stress relaxation stress path
围岩压力 附加压力 应力松弛 应力路迳
卸荷 unload 渗透率 饱和度 含水量 平均粒径 颗粒
specific permeability degree of saturation moisture content
mean diameter grain, granule, particle
Physico-mechanical a.
屈服准则 yield criteria
米赛斯屈服准则 Von Mises yield criteria 朗肯土压力理论 Ranking’s earth pressure theory 剑桥模型 Cam-model
邓肯-张模型 Duncan-chang model 本构方程
constitutive equation local shear failure general shear failure
Cambridge
model,
颗粒级配
distribution of grain-size,
grain composition, size distribution
graduation,
级配
grain-size distribution, gradation, grading 粒度
coarseness
grain
size,
局部剪切破坏 整体剪切破坏
granularity, lump
不均匀系数 coefficient of non-uniformity,
variation coefficient, variation factor
gradation, size grading
岩体完整性指数intactness index of rock mass 安全系数 埋深 试件
factor of safety embedment depth coupons
颗粒分级
孔隙水 pore water 孔隙比 空隙率
页脚内容 void ratio (ration) air voids
阐述 expound(explain), state 孔隙率 porosity 裂隙率 crackity 溶隙率
karstity
密度 density 重度
unit weight, bulk weight 浮重度
buoyant unit weight
折减系数 reduction factor 压力消散 dissipation of pressure 抗力系数 coefficient of resistance 软化系数 softening coefficient 含水量 water content 稠度 consistency 塑限 plastic limit 液限
liquid limit 塑性指数 plasticity index 液性指数
liquidity index
流变 rheological 蠕变 creep 塑性 plastic
脆性 brittleness(fragility) 粘性 stickness 刚性
rigidity
弹性的 elastic 粘弹性 viso-elasticity 弹塑性 elasto-plasticity 压缩性 compressibility 均质性 homogeneity 非均质性
nonhomogeneity
(heterogeneity) 各向同性 isotropy 各向异性
anisotropy
总应力 total stress 有效应力 effective stress
超孔隙水压力 excess pore pressure 孔隙水压力 pore water pressure 抗压强度 compressive strength 抗拉强度
tensile strength
抗剪强度 shear strength
不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strenght 峰值抗剪强度 peak share strength 长期抗剪强度 long-term shear strength 残余抗剪强度 residual shear strength 负摩擦力
negative
skin
friction,
dragdown
摩擦角 angle of friction 内摩擦角 angle of internal friction 外摩擦角
angle of external friction 内聚力
cohesion
粘聚力 cohesion 假凝聚力
pseudo-cohesion
粘着力 adhesion 摩尔圆 Mohr’s circle 包络线 envelope 休止角 angle of repose,
angle of friction(repose, rest), repose angle 峰值 peak 模量 modulus
弹性模量 modulus of elasticity， Young’s modulus, elastic modulus 压缩模量 modulus of compressibility 变形模量 modulus of deformation
卸荷模量 unloading modulus 切线模量 tangent modulus 剪切模量 shear modulus 割线模量
secant modulus
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 旁压模量 pressurmeter modulus 交角 angular coefficient
of
rock
泊松比 poisson’s ration 固结 consolidation
固结系数 coefficient of consolidation 固结度
degree of consolidation
岩石抗力系数 resistance
容许承载力 allowable bearing capacity 临塑压力 接触压力
critical pressure contact pressure
超固结比 over consolidation ration 应变 strain
压缩比 compressibility ratio 6工程地质问题
压缩系数 压缩指数 初始曲线 正常固结土 欠固结土 超固结土
被动土压力 主动土压力 静止土压力 覆盖压力 初始应力 地应力场 field 有效应力 动应力 动荷载 偏心荷载 循环荷载
地应力 stress
初始应力 应力场 纵波
液化势 液化指数
coefficient of compressibility 工程地质问题 engineering geological compression index problem
virgin curve
定性评价 qualitative estimate normally consolidated soil 定量评价 quantitative estimate under-consolidated soil 极限平衡法 limit equilibrium method
over-consolidated soil
不良地质现象 unfavorable geological passive earth pressure condition
active earth pressure 风化 weathering earth pressure at rest 变形 deformation overburden pressure 位移 displacement initial stress 不均匀位移 differential movement
ground(geostatic)
stress
相对位移
relative displacement
沉陷 settlement
effective stress 山崩 avalanche, toppling dynamic stress 崩塌 toppling, toppling collapse dynamic load 滑坡、地滑 creep, slide
eccentric loads 切层滑坡 insequent landslide
inclined loads
深层滑坡 deep slide ground stress, geostatic 浅层滑坡 shallow slide 顺层滑坡 consequent landslide initial stress 滑动面
stress field sliding surface, sliding plane, slip
longitudinal wave
surface
liquefaction potential 滑动带 sliding zone
liquefaction index
滑床 slide bed
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 滑坡体 slide(sliding) mass 古滑坡 fossil landslide 推移式滑坡 slumping slide 牵引式滑坡 retrogressive slide 管涌 piping, internal erosion 渗漏 leakage 流砂 quicksand 渗流 seepage 液化 liquefaction
7工程勘察 engineering investigation 工程地质勘察 investigation 岩土工程勘察 工程地质条件 condition 工程地质评价 evaluation 勘测
survey engineering
geological
geotechnical investigation engineering
geological
engineering
geology
踏勘
reconnaissance, inspection geological survey engineering
geological
地质测绘
工程地质测绘 mapping 钻探 物探 洞探 钎探 坑探 槽探
borehole operation, boring geophysical exploration exploratory adits rod sounding exploring mining trenching
materials
surveying
天然建材调查
natural (examination)
岩土工程勘察报告 geotechnical investigation report 鉴定
identification, appraisal
鉴定书 鉴定人 校核 总监 比例
expertise report identifier, surveyor
verification chief inspector proportion
岩芯采取率 core recovery, core extraction 岩芯获得率
RQD（岩石质量指标） rock quality designation 程序（步骤） 勘察阶段
procedure
investigational stage
地形图 地貌图 地质图
geographic map geomorphological map geological map
工程地质图 engineering geological map 实测地质剖面图
field-acquired profile(section)
构造地质图 geological structure map 第四纪地质图 map 地质详图
detail map of geology
columnar
section,
quarternary
geological geological
选点踏勘 reconnaissance 初步设计 primary design 初步规划 preliminary scheme 初步勘探 preliminary prospecting 初步踏勘 ground reconnaissance 可行性研究阶段 feasibility stage 初步设计阶段 施工阶段
preliminary stage construction sage
地质柱状图 geologic
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state geologic log
钻孔柱状图 logs of bore hole 纵剖面图 横剖面图 展示图
longitudinal section cross section
振动钻进 泥浆钻探
vibro-boring, vibro-drilling mud flush drilling
金刚石钻进 diamond drilling 单动式 双层
single acting
double layer air flush drilling drilling rig
drill bit, drilling bit auger spoon bit
percussion bit, chopping
reveal detail map
节理玫瑰图 rose of joints 基岩等高线 bed rock contour
层底等高线 contour of stratum bottom 岩层界线 岩面高程 surface 坐标 分层
coordinate bed separation
strata boundary
elevation of bed rock
空气钻探 钻机 钻头
螺旋钻头 勺钻
冲击钻头 bit 桶式钻头 钻杆 套管
bucket auger drill rod casing
地质点 勘探点 勘探线 勘探孔 平洞 竖井 探槽 探井 钻孔
geological observation point exploratory point (spot) exploratory line exploration hole
adit
riser, shaft, vertical shaft exploratory trench exploratory pit borehole, drill hole
岩芯管 冲洗掖
core barrel flush fluid
direct circulation
正循环冲洗
反循环冲洗 reverse circulation 泥浆 泥皮 护壁 止水 扫孔
mud, slurry mud cake dado
seal, water seal
cleaning bottom of hole
机钻孔 套钻孔 管钻孔 岩芯
ordinary drill hole sleeve drill hole pipe drill hole
core core drilling
钻进 drilling 平硐 adit 竖井 shaft
钻探 drilling boring
8工程地质试验
岩芯钻探
回转钻探（进）rotary drilling 冲击钻探 drilling 钢砂钻探 铁砂钻进 跟管钻进
shot drilling iron shot drilling follow-down drilling
churn drilling, percussion
击实试验 compaction test 压缩试验 固结试验
页脚内容
compression test consolidation test
阐述 expound(explain), state 单轴试验 uniaxial compression test 现场剪切试验 in-situ shear test 单剪试验 simple shear test 直剪试验 direct shear test 慢剪试验 单剪试验 快剪试验
slow test simple shear test quick test
点荷载试验 point load test 岩石试验
rock test
应力解除法 stress relief method 应力恢复法 stress recovery method 套孔法 over-coring method
9岩土体加固 掌子面
breast, driving face,
三轴剪切试验 triaxial shear test 三轴压缩试验 triaxial compression test 动三轴试验 dynamic triaxial test 不固结不排水剪试验
unconsolidated undrained test(quick test)
固结不排水剪试验 consolidated
test(consolidated quick test)
固结排水试验 consolidated drained test(slow test) 原位测试 现场监测 现场检测 观测孔
in-situ test
on-site(in-site) monitoring on-site (in-site) inspection
undrained
heading face, tunnel face 顶拱 底拱
vault invert excavation overbreak pneumatic drill excavated section slump
concrete made with fine
洞室开挖 超挖 风钻
开挖断面 塌落
细骨料混凝土 aggregate 细骨料 料场 土料 矿渣
fine aggregate, fine adjustment
stock ground earth material
observation borehole
cinder, mineral water residue,
静力触探试验 cone penetration test, static static cone test
标贯试验 standard penetration test 十字板剪切试验 vane shear test, vane test 检层法 method 旁压试验
pressuremeter test up-hole
method,
borehole
penetration
test,
scoria, slag 性能 nature
凝结 coagulate, congeal, congealment, coagulation 合格
qualified, on test, up to
function, performance, property,
standard 初凝
initial set
动力触探试验
初凝时间 initial setting time 终凝
final set
dynamic penetration test, dynamic sounding
配合比
页脚内容 mix proportion
阐述 expound(explain), state 塌落度 slump 正常库水位 normal reservoir level
地下洞室 underground opening (tunnel) 水化热 heat of hydration,
hydration heat, setting heat 水灰比 water-cement ratio 粉煤灰 fly ash
梅花状 quincuncial pattern 喷射 shotcrete 浇注
pouring
钢筋网 coiremesh 加固 reinforce
锚杆 anchored bar, rock bolt 锚索
anchored cable
锚紧端 anchor station 锚桩
anchored peg
采石场 rock quarry 开挖 excavation 清基 cleanup foundation 明挖 open-cut 爆破
explosion 光面爆破
smooth blasting
预裂法 presplitting
10 水工概论 坝址
toe of dam
坝踵 heel 坝段 monolith 坝顶
crest
坝肩
shoulders 左坝肩 left dam abutment 副坝
saddle dam
三坝址 the third dam site 标高
height mark 上游水位
headwater
压力隧洞 pressure tunnel 无压隧洞
gravity tunnel
交通洞 access tunnel 灌浆洞 grouting tunnel 明流洞 free-flow tunnel 孔板洞 orifice tunnel 排砂洞 sediment tunnel 尾水洞 tailrace tunnel 排水洞 drainage tunnel 导流洞
diversion tunnel
隧道 tunnel
围岩 surrounding rock, ambient rock
围岩应力 secondary stress static 应力集中 stress concentrate 覆盖层 over burden 冒顶 cave in, roof fall 底鼓 bottom heave 回弹 rebound 岩爆 rock burst
冻结法 freezing method 超载 over break 衬砌 lining 围堰 cofferdam 堤 dike 近坝岸坡 abutments 施工（收缩）缝 construction joint 心墙 core 截水墙 cutoff wall 防渗墙
diaphragm wall
页脚内容 阐述 expound(explain), state 排水井 drainage wells 墩 pier 排水幕 drainage curtain 散索鞍 减压井 relief wells 猫道 反滤层 filter zone 主缆 灌浆材料
grout
索股 水力劈裂 hydraulic fracturing 主鞍 帷幔线 curtain line 主跨 上游围堰
upstream cofferdam 边跨 混凝土防渗墙 concrete cutoff wall 引桥
截流
interim completion
钢箱梁 导水墙 channel training wall
埋深 正常溢洪道渠首工程 service spillway
北塔墩基础headwork 基础 消力塘 lined plunge pool 浅基础 隔墙
divider walls
深基础 混凝土护坦 concrete apron 联合基础 副厂房 auxiliary power house 筏形基础 闸门室 gate chamber 钢模 中闸室 mid gate chamber 桩
开关站 switch yard 基桩 电梯井 elevator shaft 群桩
尾水渠
tail race
桩基础 非常溢洪道 emergency spillway 桩承台
高桩承台 11桥梁及基础工程 低桩承台 江阴大桥
Jiangyin Bridge
摩擦桩 悬索桥 suspension bridge 端承桩 锚碇
anchorage
嵌岩桩 重力式嵌岩锚 gravity socketed anchorage 板桩 北锚碇前（后）锚面 旋喷桩 front(back) surface
of
northern
灌注桩 anchorage 沉管灌注桩塔墩
tower 支护桩 页脚内容 splay saddle footbridge main cable cable strand
main saddle, tower saddle main span side span
approach
steel box main girder
embedment depth north tower base foundation, footing
shallow foundation deep foundation combined footing raft(mat) foundation steel form
pile
foundation pile
pile groups
pile foundation
pile cap
high-rise pile cap buried pile cap friction pile end bearing pile socketed pile sheet pile jet-grouted pile
cast-in-place pile driven cast-in-place pile soldier piles, tangent piles
阐述 expound(explain), state 刚性桩 柔性桩
rigid pile flexible pile
渐进破坏 progressive failure 容许荷载 allowable load
极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity 沉降 settlement
沉降差 differential settlement 尾部倾斜 angular distortion 倾斜 tilting 坑底隆起 bottom heave 侧向受荷桩 laterally loaded pile 轴向受荷桩 axially loaded pile 预制桩
precast concrete pile
振动打桩 vibratory pile driving 振动钻进 vibratory drilling 沉箱 caisson 沉井（沉箱）
(open) caisson
静止土压力 地下连续墙 diaphragm wall, slurry wall 稳定数 支撑 bracing 路堤 超载 surcharge 地基处理 接触应力 contact pressure improvement
井点降水 well-point dewatering 垫层 桩极限承载力 ultimate bearing capacity of 加固 pile
注浆 承载力 bearing capacity 灌浆 阻力 resistance 帷幕 桩端阻力 end resistance 挡土墙 表面摩擦力 skin friction 锚固 粘着系数 adhesion factor 喷浆 负摩擦力 negative skin friction 锚杆 安全系数 factor of safety 盲沟 压缩层 compressed layer
振冲法 附加应力 additional stress,
superimposed stress
12监测仪器
持力层 bearing layer, sustaining 观测孔 layer
仪器观测 地基土 foundation soil, subsoil 读数装置 临塑压力 critical pressure 传感器 剪切破坏 shear failure 探头 地基失效 foundation failure 压力盒 冲剪破坏 punching failure
振弦式应变计页脚内容 earth pressure at rest stability number embankment
ground treatment soil cushion stabilization injection guniting curtain retaining wall anchoring guniting earth anchor French drain vibro jet observation bore/hole instrumentation readout device transducer probe pressure cell
vibrating wire strain gauge
阐述 expound(explain), state 伸长计、变位计 extension meter 板式沉降仪 foundation base/pate 测斜仪 inclinometer 测压计，渗压计 piezometer 垂线 plumb 垂直度 plumbness
13安全监控
可靠性检查 reliability checking
监控模型 monitoring and prediction model
监测 monitoring 资料 datum, data 可靠性 reliability 稳定性 stability 安全 safety
评估 evaluation, appraise 评定 assessment, assess, rate 评价准则 criterion
灾害 hazard, calamity 确定性方法论 Deterministic methodology 应急行动计划 EAP(emergency action plan) 事故 accident 紧急状态 emergency
紧急检查 emergency inspection 灾情等级 hazard classification 灾害评价 hazard evaluation 风险评估 risk assessment
静力（Static Analysis） 动力（Dynamic Analysis） 蠕变（Creep Material Model） 渗流（Fluid-mechanical Interaction）
热力学（Thermal Option）
headward erosion溯源侵蚀 scouring of levee or bank淘刷
strongly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
weakly weathered siliceous rock mass with quasi-lamellar
of continually aftershocks of 7 or 8-degree intensity
Evidently 明显的
Correspondingly adv. 相应地; 相关地; 相同地
the hanging wall of triggering seismic fault
oblique~bedding bank slope
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