阅读回答问题
（2022·湖南·长沙市长郡双语实验中学八年级期末）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
阅读理解 阅读理解 阅读还原5选5 补全对话 神舟14号成功发射，如何成为一名像陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲那样的宇航员？ 讲述了神舟十四号在酒泉卫星中心成功发射，以及后续的航天任务。 讲述了一些关于神舟十四号的事实。 探讨有关宇航员刘洋的一则对话。
On June 5th, China launched (发射) the three-person Shenzhou XIV, which is the third crew (乘组) for the country’s space station project. The astronauts will work with the ground team to finish the building of the Tiangong Space Station. The crew arrived at Tiangong on Sunday afternoon.
Liu Yang, the first Chinese woman in outer space, said on Saturday in Jiuquan, that she and two other astronauts—Chen Dong and Cai Xuzhe—would be very busy during their stay, and they were going to do their job while Tiangong Space Station was changing its shape. With the help of the ground team, it would change itself nine times.
At the same time, the astronauts would also need to prepare for the arrival of the Shenzhou XV crew and Tianzhou 5 ship near the end of their journey, Liu added.
“In addition, we will use a new hatch (舱门) and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks. We will perform a large number of scientific experiments and also offer educational activities for pupils online,” she said. “This is also the first time that Chinese astronauts will celebrate our National Day in space.”
In an interview with China Central Television before they flew to the space, Liu said she had talked to her daughter and son about her six-month trip.
“I explained why their mom needed to take part in this great project and why I would be away from home for half a year. I also told them what, they needed to do during this period of time. At first, they were not so happy about my leaving, but they finally said later that they understood,” she said.
“They told me that they wanted me to take as many pictures as possible so they could share the
beauty of space with their classmates.”
1．When did the three-person Shenzhou XIV reach Tiangong Space Station? __________________________________________________________________ 2．How many times will the space station change its shape in six months? __________________________________________________________________ 3．How is the crew going to do spacewalks?
__________________________________________________________________ 4．Were Liu’s children happy about her space trip at first?
__________________________________________________________________ 5．Why did the daughter and the son want their mother to take photos? __________________________________________________________________
02
（2022·湖南永州·七年级期末）
At 10:44 a.m. on June 5th, 2022, China sent its astronaut (宇航员), Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe, into space (太空). They joined in the latest Shenzhou XIV mission (任务). Do you want to become astronauts like them? How can they become astronauts?
●Be healthy
To be an astronaut, you need to be very healthy. It is important for them to have a healthy body. You can’t have other small problems. For example, you can’t have scars . They may split (裂开) in space.
●Become stronger with hard training (训练)
For example, you need to be strong like sports players. You will also wear a 200-kilogram uniform and do missions underwater for six or seven hours without eating or going to the WC．It is useful for these astronauts to face the space.
●Learn science
Learning is important, too. Astronauts take 60 classes to get ready for a mission, like math, English, spacecraft design, physics and many more. So they will know what to do when something bad happens (发生) during the mission.
6．Who doesn’t join in the Shenzhou XIV mission? A．Yang Liwei.
B．Liu Yang.
C．Cai Xuzhe.
7．The underlined (划线的) word “scars” probably means _______.
A．感冒 B．伤疤 C．头痛
8．What special cloth should an astronaut wear? A．A beautiful uniform.
B．A 200-kilogram uniform.
C．A 200-kilogram coat.
9．Which of the following is NOT true ?
A．Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe are very healthy. B．They need to do missions underwater for six or seven hours. C．They don’t take classes to learn things like math and English. 10．What is this passage mainly about? A．What it takes to become an astronaut. B．How astronauts are training in China. C．Why it’s difficult to become an astronaut.
03
（2022·河南·模拟预测）The Shenzhou XIV mission(任务)—China’s ninth manned spaceflight—launched(发射) from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on June 5, 2022.
The three astronauts—Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe—are being sent to the Tiangong space station. They will stay there for half a year. This is the second time Chen and Liu have gone into space. The flight of three astronauts is also expected to mark the beginning of a period of ten years. During this period, there will be Chinese people in outer space every day.
As of the spacecraft’s arrival on that day, the Tiangong station consists of three parts—the Tianhe core module(核心舱), the Tianzhou 3 and the Tianzhou 4 cargo(货运) ships.
The three astronauts will work with ground controllers to connect the Wentian and Mengtian space labs with the Tianhe module. And then they use a robotic arm to move the labs to their permanent position. Wentian, the station’s first lab part, will be lifted in July by a Long March 5B rocket from Hainan province, while the second lab Mengtian will be launched by the same rocket model in October. After they are connected with Tiangong, the station will form a T-shaped structure.
During their stay, the astronauts will finish two to three spacewalks and give science classes to students. In the second half of their mission period, the Tianzhou 5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou XV astronauts will arrive at the station. The Shenzhou XIV and XV astronauts will meet inside the Tiangong and work together for a short time before Chen’s team flies back to Earth in December.
China has been making one achievement after another with its space missions that reflects the rapid development of its aerospace area. The surprising achievements China has made in space exploration are expected to attract more young people to devote their talents to the meaningful thing that benefits humankind as a whole. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
11．How long will the three astronauts stay in the Tiangong space station? A．For 3 months.
B．For 6 months.
C．For 9 months. D．For 12 months.
12．Who will connect the space labs with the Tianhe module? A．Ground controllers.
B．The astronauts of Shenzhou XIV. C．The astronauts of Shenzhou XIV and XV.
D．The astronauts of Shenzhou XIV and the ground controllers. 13．What does the underlined word “permanent” mean in Chinese? A．永久的
B．灵活的
C．暂时的
D．唯一的
14．Where will the Shenzhou XIV and XV astronauts meet? A．Inside the Tiangong. C．Inside the Tianhe.
15．What’s the structure of this text? A．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ C．①/②③④/⑤⑥
04
（2022·湖南师大附中博才实验中学八年级期末）阅读下面短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。每个选项仅使用一次。
China launched(发射) the Shenzhou XIV manned spaceship on June 5, 2022. Three astronauts — Chen Dong, Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe will enter the core module(核心舱) of China’s space station to work on their six-month task. This is the nation’s ninth manned spaceflight. ____16____
Launch conditions
____17____ Although they are in different places, they all have some conditions in common. First, they should have good weather. ____18____ Besides, they should have good transportation, such as being close to railways, airports or ports(港口). This makes it easier to transport big rockets.
Main tasks
There are many tasks for the astronauts, so they have a busy plan. They will work with ground controllers to connect the Wentian and Mengtian space labs(实验室) with the Tianhe core module(核心舱), which is the biggest and heaviest spacecraft in China. ____19____ We can also look forward to fun lectures given by the astronauts!
Back time
Later this year, China will send the Shenzhou XV(神舟十五号) to the space station. ____20____ The six astronauts will work together for 5 to 10 days inside Tiangong, before the Shenzhou XIV crew fly back to Earth in December.
A．Scientists can launch and track(追踪) a spacecraft more easily. B．Here are some facts about the Shenzhou XIV.
B．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ D．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ B．Inside the Tianzhou. D．On the earth.
C．The Shenzhou XIV and XV astronauts will meet inside the Tiangong and work together. D．Wentian will be launched in July and Mengtian in October. E．In China, there are four space launch centers.
05
（2022·吉林长春·中考真题）根据对话内容，运用所给的句子选项补全对话。选项中有一项是多余的。
Wang Fei: Hello, Liu Ming! Did you watch the CCTV news this morning? Liu Ming: No, I didn’t. ____21____ Wang Fei: Yes, there was. Shenzhou XIV was launched（发射）successfully. Liu Ming: Oh, I missed watching it. What a pity!
Wang Fei: Three astronauts were sent into space, and one of them is a woman. Liu Ming: Really? ____22____
Wang Fei: She is Liu Yang. This is the second time that she has been sent into space. Liu Ming: ____23____
Wang Fei: In 2012. She made history.
Liu Ming: Sounds amazing! How did she become an astronaut? Wang Fei: ____24____
Liu Ming: She is so excellent. You really know about her well. Wang Fei: Of course, I do. She is a heroine（女英雄）in my heart. Liu Ming: ____25____
Wang Fei: Right. We Chinese take pride in her. A．Who is she?
B．I start to admire her, too. C．Was there anything special? D．Where did she achieve her dream?
E．When did she go into space for the first time?
F．By trying her best to pass hundreds of tests and putting in much effort.
参考答案：
1．On Sunday afternoon./On June 5th. 2．Nine times. 3．By using a new hatch and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks./The crew is going to use a new hatch and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks. 4．No./ No, they weren’t. 5．Because they wanted to share the beauty of space with their classmates.
【导语】本文主要讲述了6月5日，中国发射了三人神舟十四号，宇航员将与地面小组一起完成天宫空间站的建造。
1．根据“On June 5th, China launched (发射) the three-person Shenzhou XIV,...The crew arrived
at Tiangong on Sunday afternoon.”可知神舟十四号6月5日/周日下午到达天宫空间站，故填On Sunday afternoon./On June 5th.
2．根据“With the help of the ground team, it would change itself nine times”可知空间站在六个月内会改变它的形状9次，故填Nine times.
3．根据“In addition, we will use a new hatch (舱门) and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks. We will perform a large number of scientific experiments and also offer educational activities for pupils online”可知宇航员将使用一个新的舱门和一个新的小型机械臂来进行太空行走。故填By using a new hatch and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks./The crew is going to use a new hatch and a new small robotic arm to do spacewalks.
4．根据“At first, they were not so happy about my leaving”可知刘洋的孩子一开始是不开心，故填No./ No, they weren’t.
5．根据“They told me that they wanted me to take as many pictures as possible so they could share the beauty of space with their classmates”可知因为他们想和同学们分享太空的美丽。故填Because they wanted to share the beauty of space with their classmates.
6．A 7．B 8．B 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了如何成为一名宇航员。
6．细节理解题。根据“Chen Dong , Liu Yang and Cai Xuzhe, into space (太空). They joined in the latest Shenzhou XIV mission (任务). ”可知，陈冬、刘洋、蔡旭哲执行神舟十四号任务，杨利伟没有参与。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据“For example, you can’t have scars . They may split (裂开) in space.”可知，在太空中会裂开的应该是“伤疤”，故划线部分“scars”意为“伤疤”。故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据“You will also wear a 200-kilogram uniform”可知，宇航员需要穿200公斤重的宇航服。故选B。
9．细节理解题。根据“Astronauts take 60 classes to get ready for a mission, like math, English”可知，宇航员需要学习数学、英语等课程。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据“How can they become astronauts?”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了成为一名宇航员需要怎样做。故选A。
11．B 12．D 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了神舟十四号在酒泉卫星中心成功发射，以及后续的航天任务。
11．细节理解题。根据“They will stay there for half a year.”可知，三名宇航员将在天宫空间站停留半年。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据“The three astronauts will work with ground controllers to connect the
Wentian and Mengtian space labs with the Tianhe module.”可知，三名宇航员将使用地面控制器把问天和梦天宇航实验室同天和核心舱连接起来。故选D。
13．词句猜测题。根据“And then they use a robotic arm to move the labs to their permanent position.”以及上下文语境及常识可知，航天实验室的位置应是稳定的，永久的和固定的。这需要通过机械臂的帮助才能实现。permanent表示“永久的”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据“The Shenzhou XIV and XV astronauts will meet inside the Tiangong ...”可知，神舟十四号和十五号的宇航员将在天宫内部相遇。故选A。
15．篇章结构题。文章第一段引用了新闻，点明了文章主题。第二段则概括性地介绍了本次航天任务的基本情况和重要意义。第三、四、五段详细介绍了天宫空间站的构成、三位宇航员在该空间站的任务以及与神舟十五号宇航员共同完成的任务。最后一段阐明了中国在航天事业的突飞猛进以及对于吸引更多航天英才的重要意义。故选D。
16．B 17．E 18．A 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了一些关于神舟十四号的事实。
16．根据“China launched(发射) the Shenzhou XIV...This is the nation’s ninth manned spaceflight”以及下文小标题可知此处是介绍神州十四号，选项B“这里有一些关于神舟十四号的事实。”符合语境，故选B。
17．根据“Although they are in different places, they all have some conditions in common”（虽然他们在不同的地方，但他们都有一些共同的条件。）可推知此处说的是关于不同的地方，选项E“在中国，有四个航天发射中心。”符合语境，故选E。
18．根据“First, they should have good weather.”（首先，它们应该有好天气）可推知接下来应介绍有了好天气可以怎么样，选项A“科学家可以更容易地发射和跟踪航天器。”符合语境，故选A。
19．根据“We can also look forward to fun lectures given by the astronauts!”可知此处是关于宇航 员，选项C“神舟十四号和十五号宇航员将在天宫内会合并共同工作。”符合语境，故选C。20．根据“Later this year, China will send the Shenzhou XV(神舟十五号) to the space station.”可知此处是关于飞船的发射，选项D“‘问天’号将于7月发射，‘梦天’号将于10月发射。”符合语境，故选D。
21．C 22．A 23．E 24．F 25．B
【导语】本文是王菲和刘明探讨有关宇航员刘洋的一则对话。
21．根据“Yes, there was”可知，此处应是there be句型的一般疑问句，C选项“有什么特别的吗”符合，故选C。
22．根据“She is Liu Yang”可知，询问她是谁，A选项“她是谁”符合，故选A。
23．根据“In 2012”可知，此处对时间进行提问，E选项“她第一次上太空是什么时候”符合，故选E。
24．根据“How did she become an astronaut?”可知，此处应回答她是如何成为宇航员的，F选项“为了通过上百次考试，她付出了很多努力”符合，故选F。
25．根据“She is a heroine（女英雄）in my heart.”及“Right”可知，此处应是对她赞扬的一句话，B选项“我也开始钦佩她了”符合，故选B。
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