一、单词——在语境中默写，在联想中积累
写 得 准 1.deserve_vt. 应受，应得 2.damage_n. 损害；损毁 vt./vi. 损害 3.issue n. 问题；争论点 4.replacement n．代替；更换→replace vt.代替，取代；更换，调换 5.consumption n．消费(量)；消耗(量)→consume vt.消耗；吃完；耗费→consumer n．消费者；顾客 6.preserve vt.保护；维护→preservation n．保护 7.negative adj.消极的；否定的→positive adj.积极的；肯定的 8.significant adj.重大的；有意义的→significance n．意义；重要性；意思 9.consequence n．结果→consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→consequently adv.因此；所以 10.endangered adj.濒临灭绝的→endanger vt.危及；危害→danger n．危险；危害→dangerous adj.危险的 用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空) 1.If nobody can prove your innocence,_how can you say you are innocent? (innocent) 2.As is known to all, the legal things should be protected and anything illegal must be banned.(legal) 3.The tiger endangered the safety of the deer, but the endangered deer dealt with the dangerous situation decidedly and smartly.Now danger.(danger) 4.The organization was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction and the preservation was of great benefit.(preserve) 5.In order to ensure success, we discussed the task thoroughly and made a thorough plan.(thorough) 6.The inspector from the Food Safety it was out of 11.undesirable adj.不合意的；不需要的→desirable Inspection Bureau inspected the food adj.令人满意的；值得要的→desire vt.想要；要求shop and found the meat was n.欲望；要求，心愿 bad.(inspect) 12.thoroughly adv.彻底地；完全地→thorough adj.彻底的；完全的 13.inspection n．检查；视察→inspect vt.检查；视察→inspector n．检查员；巡视员 7.Learn to use the replacement method of replacing the old parts with the new ones.(replace) 8.It has been proved that water exists on things.(exist) 9.The central feature of contemporary society is consumption rather than saving. Every one of us is a consumer 14.innocent adj.无辜的；无罪的；无知的→innocence that planet.Its existence is vital for living n．清白；无罪；天真无邪 15.illegal adj.非法的；违法的→legal adj.合法的；法律的 16.exist vi.存在；生存→existence n．存在 17.injustice n．不公平；不公正→justice n．公平；and we consume a lot every day. 公正 (consume) 10.For a very long time, people always have been trying to find out the significance (significant) of life. ⇩积 得 多平时多输入，用时顺手出
1. “破坏”动词清单 ①damage 损坏；毁坏 ②destroy 破坏；毁坏 ③ruin 毁坏；使覆灭 ④break 打破；损坏 2．“彻底地，完全地”副词全记住
①thoroughly 完全地 ②completely 完全地 ③entirely 彻底地 ④wholly 全部地 ⑤totally 全部地
二、短语——在应用中记牢，在归纳中记多
写 得 准 1.blame_...on_... 把责任推给…… 2.by_accident 偶然 3.throw_away 扔掉；丢弃 4.a_great_deal_of 大量 5.get_rid_of 摆脱；除去 6.on_the_other_hand 另一方面 7.help_out 帮助摆脱困境 8.make_sure 确定；确保 9.be_based_on 根据…… 10.depend_on 依靠 11.at_least 至少 用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空) 1.Some people threw_away rubbish here and there though this sort of behavior was not tolerated. 2.Yesterday I was wandering in the street when I met my neighbor by_accident. 3.Many schools have breakfast clubs to make_sure that children get a healthy start to the day. 4.Governments should be encouraged to get_rid_of nuclear weapons. 5.Li Ming is the only one of my close friends that has helped me out. 6.We’ll have nowhere to live in the future 3.“态度”形容词大联欢 ①negative 否定的 ②positive 肯定的 ③subjective 主观的 ④objective 客观的 ⑤optimistic 乐观的 ⑥pessimistic 悲观的 ⑦favorable 赞成的 ⑧approving 赞成的 ⑨energetic 积极的 ⑩active 积极的
4.“问题”名词全扫描 ①issue 问题；事情 ②problem 难题；困难 ③matter 事件；问题 ④question 问题；论点 5．盘点un-前缀形容词 ①undesirable 不合意的 ②unable 未能；无法 ③unbelievable 难以置信的 ④unbearable 无法接受的 ⑤uncertain 无把握
12.take_action 采取行动；行动起来 13.even_worse 更糟的是 14.deal_with 处理；对付 15.be_aware_of 意识到 16.be_covered_with 被……所覆盖 ⇩积 得 多平时多输入，用时顺手出 1.“v.＋away”短语荟萃 ①throw away 扔掉；丢弃 ②give away 赠送；泄露 ③put away 放好；收拾好 ④take away 带走；拿走 ⑤break away 脱离 ⑥send away 开除；解雇
unless we take_action to protect the earth now. 7.It was stated that the president made a statement announcing new policies to deal_with the new situation. 2.由at least想到的 ①not in the least 一点也不 ②least of all 最不；尤其不
③last but not least 最后但同样重要的是 ④at most 至多
三、句式——在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背 原 句 明 句 式 学 仿 写 他花了很长时间才获得成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。(2018·天津高考单选) It_took_him_a_long_time_to_acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 一方面，这不仅有助于我们强身健2.The world is not only not only ...but hungry, but also thirsty for also ...“不仅……而water. 且……”，本句中它连这个世界不仅存在饥饿，而接的是两个表语。 且还缺水。 3.Only if we take steps to deal with this problem now can we avoid a severe worldwide “only＋状语从句”位water shortage later on. 于句首，后面主句用部只有现在采取措施解决这一分倒装。 问题，我们才能避免以后严重的世界性水资源短缺。 体，而且反过来有助于更高效地学习。(2015·广东高考写作) For one thing, it not_only_helps_to_build_up_our_physical_health,_but_also helps us learn more efficiently in turn. 事实上，只有不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。(2016·浙江高考书面表达) Actually, only_by_getting_moving_and_constantly_adjusting_the_plan can we achieve our final goal. 1.It took seven years and a great deal of money to finally It takes/took sb.some get rid of the invaders. time to do sth.“花费某人们花了七年的时间和大量人多长时间做某事”。 的金钱，终于摆脱了这些入侵者。
第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．preserve vt.保护；维护；保存；保留n.保护区
[教材原句] We should preserve nature for everyone to enjoy. 我们应该保护自然，以供大家享用。 (1)preserve sb./sth.from ... well preserved (2)nature preserve (3)preservation n. 保护某人/某物免受…… 保存完好；状况良好 自然保护区 保护；保存；保留 ①Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness of old age. 社交活动通常保护老年人免受晚年孤独。
②In this nature preserve,_all the rare plants are well_preserved,_but as far as the temples are concerned, only two are in a good state of preservation. 在这个自然保护区中，所有的稀有植物都状况良好，但是就那儿的寺庙而言，仅有两座保存得很好。
[名师指津] 和preserve仅一“字”之差的reserve表示意见、看法等的“保留”或座位等的“预订”。
[联想发散] 与preserve ...from ...结构类似的短语还有：stop ...from ..., prevent ...from ..., keep ...from ..., protect ...from ...等。
2．deserve vt.应受，应得；值得
[教材原句] You deserve a gold medal for your love of nature and your positive attitude toward all living things.
因为你对自然的热爱和对所有生命的积极态度，你应该得到一枚金牌。 deserve to do deserve to be done＝deserve doing deserve consideration/attention 应该做……；值得做…… ……值得被做 值得考虑/注意 ①It’s true that she was in poor condition but she hardly deserves to_lose (lose) her job. 她的确健康状况不好，但她不应该被解雇。
②Global warming is such a great threat that all the options deserve to_be_explored/exploring/exploration (explore)．
全球变暖是如此大的威胁，以至于所有的选择都值得一试。
[联想发散] deserve doing与deserve to be done的意义相同，用动名词的主动形式表示
被动意义，其他用法相同的词语还有：need, want, require, be worth等。
3．consequence n．结果
[高考佳句] As a consequence, they agreed to my advice, and everything went well as planned.(2015·浙江高考书面表达)
结果，他们同意了我的建议，一切都按计划顺利进行。
1as a consequence in consequence 因此；结果(副词) 2as a consequence ofin consequence of由于；因为……缘故(介词) 随之发生的；作为结果的 因此；结果；所以 (3)consequent adj. consequently adv. ①It is raining now and as a consequence the match will have to be delayed. 现在正下雨，因此比赛将不得不被推迟了。
②As a consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking in food source.
由于像砍伐竹子这样的人类活动，熊猫缺少了食物来源。
③Consequently (consequence), she understood it and became interested in Chinese traditional culture.
结果，她明白了并且对中国传统文化产生了兴趣。 4．damage n．损害；损毁vt./vi.损害
[教材原句] Only a few dozen are harmful but the damage caused costs the country more than 57 billion yuan a year.
只有几十个物种是有害的，但造成的损害使我们国家一年损失570多亿元。 damage one’s career/reputation/name/health do/cause damage to ... 损害某人的事业/名誉/健康 对……造成损害 ①Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.
然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。
②You should not do the things that might damage_your_reputation/name. 你不应该做那些可能损害你名誉的事情。 5．replace vt.代替，取代；更换，调换；放回原处
[经典例句] Teachers will never be replaced by computers in class.
课堂上电脑永远不会取代老师。 (1)replace ...with/by ... in place of/take the place of (2)replacement n. 用……替换…… 代替 代替；更换 ①In addition, we supply small parts for replacement (replace)． 此外，我们还提供备用小零件。
②John is ill and I want to know who is going to replace him.
→ John is ill and I want to know who is going to take_the_place_of_him/take_his_place. 约翰病了，我想知道谁将代替他。
[单词集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)
1．Many people didn’t drive to work as a consequence of the heavy fog. 2．As we all know, the police are responsible for the preservation (preserve) of law and order. 3．I hope they continue to fight for equal justice (just) after I’m gone.
4．We found the meeting room thoroughly (thorough) cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
5．Most scientists believe that water doesn’t exist on the surface of the moon. 6．The organization was set up to preserve endangered (endanger) species from extinction. 7．The reference book I bought yesterday is of great significance to your history. 8．The more he insisted he_was_innocent (他是无辜的), the more they seemed not to believe him.
Ⅱ.重难点多练 1．deserve面面观
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①Our team deserved to_win (win) the match with the hard training.
②What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration/to_be_considered/considering (consider)．
(2)一句多译
我们都认为这个问题值得进一步商讨。
③We all think the problem deserves_a_further_discussion. ④We all think the problem deserves_further_discussing. ⑤We all think the problem deserves_to_be_further_discussed. 2．replace多棱镜 (1)介、副词填空
①It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with/by a modern hotel or not.
②The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance. (2)用replace的相关词语完成片段
She didn’t ③replace (放回原处) the cup after using it, so it fell to the ground and was broken, which made her very disappointed.Her husband suggested ④replacing_it_with (把它换成) a plastic one so that it wouldn’t be so easy to break, but she said nothing could ⑤replace/take_the_place_of (代替) this cup as it was made over 100 years ago.
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出issue的词性和词义 (A)n.问题，焦点 (B)n.发行物，期刊 (C)vt.发布 (D)vt.发行
1．They issued an update on the snow forecast.__C__ 2．Banknotes of this design were first issued 10 years ago.__D__ 3．They will debate the environmental issue next week.__A__ 4．The current issue of the journal is not available now.__B__
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．on the other hand另一方面
[教材原句] On the other hand, inspections in countries such as the US are not as effective.
另一方面，诸如美国等国的检查也没有如期效果。
(1)on the one hand ...; on the other hand ... 一方面……；另一方面(却)…… (2)first(ly) ...; second(ly) ... (3)for one thing ...; for another ... 第一……；第二…… 一则……；二则…… ①On_the_one_hand,_I have strong belief that I will do well in the exam; on_the_other_hand,_I feel a bit nervous, though it’s not difficult.
一方面，我坚信会在考试中做得很好；另一方面，虽然不难，我仍感觉有点紧张。 ②To improve your English, first(ly),_you should listen more; second(ly),_you should read more.
为了提高你的英语水平，第一，你应该多听；第二，你应该多读。
③For_one_thing,_I can help take care of the children.For_another,_I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation.
一则，我可以帮助看孩子；二则，我能提高我的英语、交更多朋友并丰富我在暑假期间
的生活。
2．help out帮助摆脱困境
[教材原句] There are many easy ways in which people can help out. 有很多简单的方法可以帮助人们摆脱困境。 (1)help sb.with/(to) do sth. can’t help doing sth. can’t help but do sth. help yourself (to sth.) 帮助某人某事/做某事 忍不住做某事 只得做某事；不得不做某事 随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等) (2)with the help of sb.＝with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 ①As he is my best friend, when I am in trouble he will certainly help_me_out. 因为他是我最好的朋友，当我遇到麻烦时他肯定会帮我摆脱困境。 ②With so much work to do, he can’t help but ask (ask) his friends for help. 由于有如此多的工作要做，他不得不向朋友求助。
3．It_took_seven_years and a great deal of money to_finally_get_rid_of the invaders. 人们花了七年的时间和大量的金钱，终于摆脱了这些入侵者。 It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth.为固定句式，意为“花费(某人)多少时间做某事”。it是形式主语，后面的to do ...是真正的主语。
①It takes me quite a long time to_understand (understand) the meaning of the painting. 我花了相当长的时间才理解那幅画的意义。
②They spent two weeks finishing the rescue work. →It took them two weeks to_finish the rescue work. 他们花费了两个星期完成了救援工作。
③The experiment that cost_me_a_lot_of_time_and_energy finally paid off. 这项花了我大量时间和精力的实验终于取得了成功。
[短语句型集成训练]
Ⅰ.基础点全练 1．单句语法填空
①The photographers should take many photographs depending (depend) on what the
customers want.
②Experts advise that cooked meats and sausages, if not eaten more than one week, should be thrown away. ③Not only I but also Jane is/was (be) tired of having the exam one after another. ④Whenever she heard that someone had trouble, she would go to help out. ⑤One of the computers is broken and she is blaming it on me. ⑥I think we should figure out how to deal with this situation.
⑦The pilot reassured the passengers.Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been.
⑧Seeing a large crowd at the street corner, I was aware of something unusual happening. 2．运用所学短语完成片段
Some people have not ①been_aware_of (意识到) the importance of mastering Chinese and Western eating habits.Chinese are used to sharing all the dishes together and drinking ②a_great_deal_of (大量) wine while Westerners usually have their plate of food alone, never ③throwing_away (扔掉) any food.④On_the_other_hand (另一方面), if there are too many people at table, Westerners feel unhappy.After dinner, they maybe show you around their house.So it is important to get familiar with the differences in order to ⑤make_sure (确保) all things go right when you are eating with foreigners or travelling overseas.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.相关结构全接触 (1)补全句子
①建造秦始皇陵花费了工人们37年的时间。
It took_the_workers_37_years_to_build the Qinshihuang Tomb. ②在过去的五年里，这些书花了我好几千英镑。
These books have_cost_me_thousands_of_pounds in the past five years. (2)句型转换
③The artist spent two years in finishing the famous painting.(it作形式主语) →It_took_the_artist_two_years_to_finish the famous painting.
[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Covered (cover) with heavy snow, the small village looks more beautiful. 2．She was a bright and eager student and, consequently (consequence), did well in school. 3．The report is based on figures from six different European cities. 4．It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting/to_be_respected/respect (respect)．
5．The heavy snow did a lot of damage to the crops. 6．It is not a good idea to miss meals and replace them with snacks. 7．I’m depending on you to_tell/telling (tell) me everything. 8．Many people admire Ma Yun’s success but nobody’s success happens by accident. 9．Only when one loses freedom does one know its value. 10．They promised to help me out when I was in trouble. Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I can’t help wonder what happened to that little girl.wonder→wondering 2．When the boss was out, Tom took place of him to manage the company.place前加the 3．How to do with the present situation remains to be discussed.How→What或do→deal 4．It took us quite a long time to getting to the amusement park.getting→get 5．Not only the students but also their teacher like playing football.like→likes 6．A great deal of money have been spent on the project up to now.have→has Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练 (一)依据提示补全短文 Dear Sir or Madam，
Today I am writing to you to ask for your help to call on every one to
take_action (采取行
动) to solve the problem the finless porpoise (江豚) is faced with in the Yangtze River.
As a result of the behavior of our human beings, the finless porpoise has been greatly influenced and will be dying out._Even_worse (更糟的是), its total number is decreasing sharply.In order to
deal_with (处理) the matter, we have founded a project, but we have
difficulty in running it for lack of fund.I hope you can provide it with necessary money.
On_the_other_hand (另一方面), you can give us relevant training in protecting them.①
I believe we will spend at least five years improving the living environment of them, thus increasing its number.
②If we can get your help, we will be very thankful.We’re looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级 1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分 (1)problem→issue (2)result→consequence (3)protecting→preserving 2．按要求改写句式 (1)用it作形式主语改写句①
I_believe_it_will_take_us_at_least_five_years_to_improve_the_living_environment_of_them,_thus_increasing_its_number. (2)用it作形式宾语改写句②
We_would_appreciate_it_if_you_could_lend_us_a_hand.
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