some 和any 的用法
some 的用法
some 一些，某些，某个。可代替名词和形容词。常用于肯定句。在句子中用作主语、宾语、定语。作定语时，它可以修饰单数可数名词和复数可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
1. 用于肯定句
Ask some boys to help you.（修饰复数可数名词）
叫些男孩来帮助你。
Please bring some coffee.（修饰不可数名词）
请拿些咖啡来。
Ask some girl to come here.（修饰单数可数名词）
叫（某）个女孩来这儿。
2. some 用于疑问句时表示“请求、邀请或希望得到肯定的回答”。
Would you like some coffee?（表示请求、邀请）
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请喝咖啡。
Have you some stamps?（希望得到肯定的回答）
你有邮票吧？
any 的用法
any 一些，任何。可代替名词和形容词。常用于否定句或疑问句，也可以用于条件状语从句。作定语时，它可以修饰复数形式的可数名词和不可数名词。
1. 用于疑问句或否定句
Are there any cows in the fields?（修饰复数形式的可数名词）
田里有一些牛吗？
There won't be any trouble.（修饰不可数名词）
没有任何麻烦。
2. 用于条件状语从句
If there is any trouble, let me know.
如果有什么麻烦，要让我知道。
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3. any 用于肯定句时，通常要重读，修饰单数可数名词和不可数名词。
Any time you want me, just send for me.
什么时候你需要我，随时叫我来。
Come any day you like.
只要你喜欢，随时可以来。
练一练：选用some或any填空。
1) There isn’t ______milk in the fridge.
2) I can see______cars, but I can’t see______buses.
3) He has ______ friends in England.
4) Were there ______fruit trees on the farm?
5) Here are ______presents for you.
6) Does Tom want to take ______ photos?
7) Is there______rice in the kitchen?
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8) There are______new buildings in our school.
9)-Would you like______ cakes? -No, I’d not like ______cakes, but I’d like ______coffee.
10) -Are there______pictures on the wall? -No, there aren’t ______pictures.
There be 句型
1、there be结构表示“某时、某地存在着什么事物或人”，包括there is、there are、there was、there were。
2、在there be 句型中，主语是单数，be 动词用is或was；主语是复数，be 动词用are或were；如有几件物品，be 动词根据最近be 动词的那个名词决定——“就近原则”。
（1）. there be 结构中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或单数可数名词时用is,是复数时用are。如: There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。 There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。
（2）. 若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。如: There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩,一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个教师。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
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there be的否定式通常在be后加not构成(在口语中be时常与not缩写在一起)。如果句中有some,一般要变成any。如: There are some children in the picture. →There aren't any children in the picture.
Are there two cats in the tree? —Yes, there are. (No, there aren't.)
4、some和any在there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑问句。
5、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。
There are some apples and bananas on the table.桌子上有一些苹果和香蕉。
There aren’t any apples or bananas on the table.桌子上没有苹果和香蕉。
6、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：
How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？
How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？
7、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是： What’s + 介词短语？
8、there be句型与have(has) 的区别：there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has) 表示某人拥有某物。
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练一练：用恰当的be动词填空。
1) There ______ four seasons in a year.
2) There ______not any trees two years ago.
3) - ______there a post office near your school?
-Yes, there ______.
4) -How many stops ______there?
-There______only one.
5) There ______not any stamps on the envelope.
6) ______ there any birds in the tree?
7) There______ a shopping centre near our school last year. But now there______ no one.
8) There ______only three of us: my dad, my mum and me.
9) In New York, there ______ a lot of rain in spring.
练习题
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There be 句型专项练习
一、 用be的正确形式填空
1. There _________ a piano against the wall.
2. There _________ some flowers on the desk.
3. There _________ some tea in the cup.
4. There _________ two tins of coke in the bag.
5. There _________ three buildings and a beautiful garden in our school.
6. There _________ some meat, some bread and some apples on the table.
7. There _________ a picture and a clock on the wall.
8. There _________ a volleyball match in our school the day after tomorrow.
9. There _________ no factories, hospitals and schools here fifty years ago.
10. There may _______ something wrong with your watch.
11. There ________ any mail for you today.
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12. There ________ any letters in the mailbox today.
13. How many kinds of animals ________ there in this area?
二、 按要求进行句型转换
1． There are some kites on the wall.（改为否定句）
_________________________________________________________
2． There is some rice in the bag.（改为一般疑问句）
_________________________________________________________
3． There are forty-eight pupils in Miss Guo's class.（对画线部分提问）
_________________________________________________________
4． Mr. Green has two sons. （对画线部分提问）
___________________________________________________
5． His uncle has some new story-books.（改为一般疑问句）
___________________________________________________
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6、 There is a woman near the house.（变复数）
_________________________________________________
7、 There are some buses near the hill.（变单数）
____________________________________________________
8、 There are some apples on the tree.（变一般问句）
______________________________________________________
9、 There are some oranges in the glass.（变否定句）
_______________________________________________________
10、 Is there a baby in the room?（变复数）
_____________________________________________________
11、 There are many beautiful flowers in the garden. (就划线部分提问)
___________ ___________ in the garden?
12、There is a bookcase in my study. （变一般问句）
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________ _________ ________ ________ in your study?
13、There is a soccer ball and a basketball on the floor.
___________ __________ on the floor?
14、My new dress is in the wardrobe.
_________ ___________ your new dress?
15、There are some big trees behind my house.
_________ __________ _________ big trees?
三、 根据中文提示，完成句子
1． 学校图书馆有各种各样的书。
__________ ________ all kinds of books ________ _________ _________.
2． 你有问题要问老师吗？
_______ you _______ _________ _________ _________ the teacher?
3． 明天有班会，后天有电影。
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________ __________ _________ a class meeting tomorrow and ________ _________ ________ a film the day after tomorrow.
4． 下个月有几场足球赛。
________ ________ ________ _______ _______ _______ ________ next month?
5． 你有几双鞋？
________ _______ _________ ________ shoes _______ you _______ ?
6、桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There ___________ a book and two pens on the desk.
7、钱包里有些钱。There ____________ some money in the picture.
8、在吉姆的书包里有一些卡片。__________ __________ some cards in Jim's bag.
9、里面还有其他的东西吗？_________ _____________ anything else in it?
10、 我们学校有许多班。There ____________ many ___________ in our school.
11、树上没有鸟。There ___________ ____________ birds in the tree.
四、选择填空：
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1. Are there any maps on the wall? ___
A. There are some. B. Yes, there is. C. Yes, there is one. D. No, there are.
2. How many ____ are there in the picture? A. woman B. women C. buy D. milk
3. There aren't ___ trees near the house. There is only one.
A. any B. some C. many D. much
4. There ___ two bowls of rice on the table. A. is B. have C. has D. are
5. Are there ___ houses near the river? Yes, there are_______ .
A. some, some B. any, some C. any, any D. some, any
6There are _____ days in a week．
A．the seven B．seventh C．the seventh D．seven
7.There are few _____ in the fridge．Let's go and buy some peas and cabbages．
A．vegetables B．fruit C．meat D．eggs
8.Look！There are some _____ on the floor．
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A．child B．water C．boxes D．girl
9．There were two _____ people at yesterday's meeting．
A．hundreds B．hundreds of C．hundred
10．The letter from my uncle was short．There wasn't _____ news．
A．many B．a few C．much D．few
11．-Oh，there isn't enough _____ for us in the lift．
-It doesn't matter，let's wait for the next．
A．ground B．floor C．place D．room
12．There _____ an English Evening next Tuesday．
A．was B．will be C．will have D．are going to be
13．There _____ a football gam e in our school．
A．has B．will have C．will be
14．There is going to ____ a report ____ Chinese history in our school this evening．
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A．have；on B．be；on C．have；for D．be；of
15．There is _____ food here．We'll have to buy some．
A．any B．some C．no
16．There is _____ in the bag．It's empty．
A．nothing B．something C．anything D．somebody
17．There is _____ knocking at the door．Go and see who it is．
A．nobody B．somebody C．anybody D．everybody
18．-Is there _____ wrong with me， doctor？
-I'm afraid so．Your heart is beating a bit too slow．
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
19．There is _____ interesting on this channel．Try others．
A．nothing B．none C．anything D．no
20．There is _____ interesting in the film，so _____ is interested in it．
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A．something；nobody B．nothing；somebody
C．anything；anybody D．nothing；nobody
21．There is _____ in today's newspaper．
A．nothing new B．anything new C．new anything D．new something
22．There is _____ in today's newspaper．
A．new anything B．new somethin C．anything new D．something new
23. ______ a reading lamp on the table.
A. There is B. There has C. It is D. It has
24. ______ no coffee left yesterday.
A. It being B. There being C. It was D. There was
25.There _____ five pairs in the room.
A. were B. is C. are D. was
26.There ______ no use to ask him this question.
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A. were B. is C. are D. was
27. There ______ a lot of people waiting for the bus.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
五、there be 与have区别
1. This desk _________ four legs.
2. __________ some books on the desk.
3. Everyone ___________ a dictionary in my class.
4. ______________ (没有) knives in the room.
5. I ___________ a new sweater.
6. ______________ some flowers and a desk in the room.
7. __________ nothing in the bag.
8. They ____________ something to eat.
六、用some, any填空
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1. There's ______ water in the cup. There isn't ______ tea in the cup.
2. Is there ______ bread here? Yes, there is. There's ______ on the table.
3. Are there ______ cars in front of the building? No, there aren't.
4. There isn't _____ chocolate on the table.
5. Is there ______ soap on the dressing table?
七、用is, are填空
1. There ______ a spoon on the plate.
2. There ______ some milk on the table. There ______ coffee, too.
3. There ______ some clouds in the sky. There ______ some boats on the river.
4. There ______ some knives in the box.
5. There ______ a newspaper in the living room.
6. ______ there any books in the room? Yes, there ______ .
______ there any magazines on the television? No, there ______ .
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7. There ______ a policeman in the kitchen.
8. There ______ 60 minutes in an hour.
9. There ______ a pencil, a ruler and 2 books on the desk.
10. There ______ 2 glasses and a cup on the table.
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