单元话题·语篇训练
Ⅰ.语法填空
Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favorite season.Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon __1__ (find) a deep appreciation of this season.
The change of leaf colors is a common reason given __2__ the love of fall.Each tree reacts __3__ (different) to the change of the season.Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other __4__ (tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter.This effect __5__ (call) the fightorflight response.
Fall is a time of __6__ (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead.I have found a meaning of fall for me.I'm __7__ 18yearold boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress.There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps __8__ (move)．The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up.
The meaning of fall is different for each person.I encourage you __9__ (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover __10__ fall means to you.
语篇解读：“我”的许多朋友喜欢秋天，“我”对秋天有自己的感受。生命的轮回让“我”意识到“我”应当不断进步。
1．found 考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“Last weekend”可知，该句描述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。
2．for 考查介词。根据该句中的“a common reason”可知，叶子颜色的变化是爱上秋天的一个常见原因。reason for ...表示“……的原因”。
3．differently 考查词性转换。空处修饰动词react，故用副词形式。
4．trees 考查名词复数。根据空前的“Some ...other”可知，该处表示另外一些树，故用复数形式。
5．is called 考查动词的时态和语态。这种反应被称为“战斗或逃跑”反应。该句陈述的是自然现象，故用一般现在时；主语This effect和动词call之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
6．reflection 考查词性转换。根据空前的介词of及空后的preparation可知，此处填名词作介词的宾语。
7．an 考查冠词。该处表示泛指，故用不定冠词，18yearold的读音以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．moving 考查非谓语动词。该处指“有时候我想放弃，但是我看看我的周围，意识
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到生命在继续向前”。keep doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“继续做某事”。
9．to go 考查非谓语动词。encourage sb.to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。
10．what 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，该从句作discover的宾语；同时空处也作从句中means的宾语，故用what引导该宾语从句。
Ⅱ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Researchers who use animals in psychological experiments must make every effort to minimize (使减少到最低限度) discomfort, illness, and pain. And procedures that cause animals great suffering are permitted only when no other procedure is available. Moreover, there are federal regulations stating how animals are to be housed, fed, and preserved. Not only must researchers try very hard to avoid causing physical discomfort, they are also required to promote the psychological wellbeing of some species of research animals, such as monkeys.
Why should animals be used for research in the first place? Is it really possible to learn about human behavior from the results of research employing rats and pigeons? The answer is that psychological research that does employ animals has a different focus and is designed to answer different questions than research that uses humans. For example, the shorter lifespan of animals (rats live an average of two years) allows researchers to learn about the effects of aging in a much smaller period than they could by using human participants. Moreover, some principles of behavior are similar across species, and so some basic behavioral phenomena can be studied more simply on animals. Finally, some studies require large numbers of participants that share similar backgrounds or have been exposed to particular environments — conditions that could not practically be met with human beings.
Research using animals has provided psychologists with information that has greatly benefited humans. For example, it provided the keys to noticing eye disorders in children early enough to prevent permanent damage.
Despite the value of research with animal participants, the use of animals in psychological research is highly controversial. For example, some critics believe that animals have rights no less significant than those of humans, and that because animals are unable to agree to participation in studies, their use is not moral. Others object to the use of animals on methodological (方法论的) grounds, saying it is impossible to generalize from findings on nonhuman species to humans.
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参考范文：
Researchers must follow rules to help animals not suffer in psychological experiments. (要点1) Psychological research using animals can make psychologists learn about human behavior more effectively, more simply and more practically. (要点2). And they also provided the information that benefits humans for psychologists. (要点3) However, the use of animals in psychological experiments has caused a lot of discussion and disagreement among the public.(要点4)
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