reference for teaching
ⅰ异域风情
1. newspapers in britain
every morning in britain, more than50% of the adults buy a national newspaper which has been printed in london. over 15 million copies of these national newspapers are sold every day, with a large number of local newspapers from outside london as well.
the morning newspaper is a part of the british way of life. for many people, it is brought to their house every morning by a young boy or girl, who works for the local newsagent before going to school. a lot of people travel to work on public buses, trains and the underground, so they have time to read it before they start work in the morning.
there are nine of these national news- papers, which each sells between 200 000 and4 200 000 copies every day. even on sundays there are a lot of newspapers--eight national sunday newspapers sell about 17 million copies. most of these are delivered to people's houses, so they can be read over a late sun- day breakfast.
as well .as the national newspapers, there are over 110 local morning and evening papers. there are weekly newspapers.
all these newspapers have a common history, which goes back to the 1600s. at that time groups of writers collected news and stories about famous people from the coffee houses in the city of london, and sent the news to towns and villages in the form of letters.
the first real newspaper was started in1702, seven years after the parliament had decided to allow newspapers. but the modern newspaper, and the idea of the press, started in 1785 when the world’s most famous newspaper.the time, appeared for the first time.
the times was joined by the daily telegraph in 1855.which became the second national newspaper.“it was written，”said the editor at that time，“not for the highest classes，but for the million.” but both these newspapers were serious，and only wrote about serious subjects. the idea of a newspaper changed in 1896，when the first popular newspaper was produced.the daily mail was written for a different group of people.it described news in a less serious way.it gave its readers not only news and information，but also entertainment and gossip.it was soon very successful，and sold many more copies than the times and the daiyl telegraph seemed that many people wanted this sort of newspaper.and soon there were more－the daily express started in 1900， and the daily mirror started in 1903.there was now a clear difference between the quality newspapers which were serious，and the popular newspapers，which were written for simple people，and offered entertainment with the news.
2.the major radio and tv network in america
today the major radio and tv networks are the columbia broadcasting system (cbs)，the national broadcasting company (nbc) and the american broadcasting company(abc).
voa(voice o{america)is the most famous of the l 9 radio sations of the united states。of america for the expansion of propaganda to foreign countries.most of the 19 radio stations are supported and organized by the government. voa radio station is in washington。it was established in l924，originally for war information and now it comes under the 1eadership of the american international communication bureau.it now has 16 broadcasting stations。sending.news to the whole world in 4l languages day and night.
in l 965, the united states launched the world’s first communication space satellite－ “early bird”。this “early bird” made the things au more wonderful.it increased the telephone capacity across the atlantic by more than one third。and made possible commercial “live” television broadcasts of transatlantic events。now it also carries routinely commercial traffic.such as telephone calls. television, teletype and other transmission.people could expect the day when a worldwide network of satellites links people。of many nations through this new means of communication.
ⅱ.知识归纳
1.more than用法归纳
(1)many或much的比较级，表示“比……多”甚至”。
e.g.一 are there a lot of people in the parks?
公园人多吗?
一 yes.there are far more than we expected.
是的。没想到有那么多人。
he loves his cats more than he 10ves his children.
他爱猫胜过爱他的孩子。
he loves his cats more than his children do.
他比孩子们更爱他的猫。(他爱猫胜过孩子们)
(2)more+than+a或数词，表示“……多(个).一(个)以上的，超过……”。
e.g.it was more than a year since he had seen mlss wang.
他已一年多未见王小姐了。
he can't be more than thirty.
他不可能超过三十岁。
(3)more than表示“极其”“不止于”。
e.g.they were more than glad to heip.
他们非常高兴帮忙。
(4)more than+名词、名词性从句或起名词作用的不定式。表示“不只.不仅仅”“远不止”“甚于”。
e.g. miss zhang is more than our english teacher.
张老师不仅仅是我们的英语老师。
being a good singer means much more than just“ singing with mouths".
作一名好歌手，决不只是“用嘴巴唱歌”。
(5)more than sb. can/could表示“……力所不及”。
e.g.一 do you want any more books?
你想要别的书吗?
一 yes，more than i can get.
想要，可是我买不起。
the beauty 0f my hometown is more than words can describe.
我们家乡的美丽是语言所不能描述的。
(6)倍数+more than表示“……的多少倍”。
e.g.1 will take the money.give me three times more than antonio borrowed from me.
我愿意要钱，请按安冬尼奥借我的三倍给我。
2.make sure用法归纳
本短语意为“务必使……,务请……，查明.弄清楚”，其用法有两点值得注意。
(1)后接that从句，从句要用一般现在时表示将来时。
e.g.make sure you get there on time.
务请准时到达那里。
i think the train leaves at four。but you'd better make sure.
我想火车4点离站，但你最好核实一下。
(2)后接名词或动名词时，须先接of或 about。
e.g.we must make sure of the facts.
我们必须把事实搞清楚。
arrive early at the cinema to make sure of getting a seat.
早点到电影院，以便找到座位。
3.present用法归纳
(关于present。词典上一般列三个词条，但因拼写相同，所以一并述说如下)
(1)作形容词，表示“在场的.出席的”，“现在的”，也可作名词，表示“现在”。
every one of the class was present.
班里每个人都在场。
at the present moment he is supposed to be in paris.
目前，他理应在巴黎。
we don't need any more at present.
我们现在什么也不再需要了。
at present=at the present time
for the present就现在来说。暂时。
点名时表示“有”“到…‘在”可以用present。
e.g一 bill.
比尔。
— present(yes.here).sir.
到，先生。
present作“在场的”或“现在的”均可作定语.但位置不同。作“在场的”解讲，放在所修饰的名词后面；作“现在的”讲，放在所修饰的名词前面。
e.g. the members present在场的成员
the present members目前的成员
(2)present作名词“礼物” “赠品”(= gift)。
e.g.he often gave her little present.
他常送她小礼物。
(3)前两种用法，present读作/’prezant/。present也可用作动词，读作/pri'zent/，意思是“呈现，描述，介绍，赠送”。
e.g.they presented flowers to their teacher.
他们把鲜花送给了他们的老师。
(作此意。常用于present…with这种结构)
our class presented the school with a picture.
我们班送给学校一张画。
may i present my new assistant to you?
请允许我向你介绍我的新助手。
the exhibition presented a picture of general prosperity in china's agriculture.
展览会呈现出中国农业一片欣欣向荣的景象。
the characters in the novel are vividly presented.
小说中人物被描写得很生动。
4.experience用法归纳
(1)作名词，“经验”(多作不可数名词)。
experience is the mother of wisdom.
经验是智慧之母。
i have no experience of/in teaching.
我没有教学经验。
间或作可数名词，表示某种经验。
e.g.every experience is of value.
每一份经验都是宝贵的。 .
“经历，经过的事”(可数)。
c.g.i shall never forget the first night's experience.
我将永远不会忘记第一个晚上经历过的事。
none of the others have lived my experiences。
其余的人都未经历过我所经历的事。
(2)作动词，意为“经历、感受、感到”。
e.g.our country has experienced great changes in the last twenty years.
我们的国家在过去的二十年发生了巨大的变化。
(3)experienced作形容词，意为“有经验的”。
e.g.they were quite experienced in teaching beginners.
他们教初学者相当有经验。
ⅲ.词语辨析
1.affair，business, event,matter,thing
这几个词都有“事，事情”之意。但用法又各有不同。
(1)affair既指一般事情，也指重大事情(这时常用复数)。
e.g.the railway accident was a terrible affair.
那次火车车祸是一件可怕的事.
a prime minister is kept busy with affairs of state.
一个国家总理总是忙于国家事务.
(2)business是不可数名词，常表示“生意，商业事务”，作“事情”讲时，常指有责任、有必要去做的事，往往强调任务、职务等指派性的工作。
e.g.he is away on business。
他因公出差。
we don't do much business with them.
我们和他们没有多少生意来往。
(3)event多指大事件。
e.g.what were the chief events last year?
去年有哪些大事?
(4)matter常指需要考虑和处理的事情.不强调行动.单数指“事情，问题”，常与the连用；复数指“情况.事态”。
e.g.the matter is not decided yet.
这事还没有决定。
what's the matter with you? 你怎么了7
it will make matters worse.
这会使事态恶化。
(5)thing表“事情”时是最通俗的用词。可指具体事情，也可指抽象事情，可指大事也可指小事，可指好事也可指坏事。泛指“形式、情况”时用复数形式.
e. g.to say is one thing，but to do is another.
说是一回事。可做又是一回事.
i have a lot of things to do.
我有许多事要做。
a strange thing happened.
一件奇怪的事发生了。
he promised that things would be better in the future.
我保证将来情况会好的。
2.though，even though/if
(1)两者都引导让步状语从句，但 though指的是事实，而even though/if是指假设或推断。有退一步设想的意味。
e.g.though he loves hers, she can't marry her.
尽管他爱她。但不能和她结婚。
even though he loves her。she can't marry her.
即使他爱她.也不能和她结婚。
i must find the lost child.even if it is getting dark.
即使天黑了。我也必须找到那个失踪的小孩。
though it was dark., he started out on time.
尽管天很黑，他还是按时出发了。
(2)even though/if后常用虚拟式动词表示与事实相反的动作或行为。当让步状语从句的动词用虚拟式表示与事实相反的假设时，通常用even though/小而不用though。
e.g.it was a sword-thrust.received from twenty to twenty-four hours before.but nothing could have saved him even if/though he had been tended without delay.
那是一处二十到二十四小时前被剑刺的伤口。但是。即时当时得到及时的救护。也无法挽救他的生命。
you are not stupid.even though/if you were slow in study, you shouldn't give up your studies.
你并不愚笨，即使学得慢一点，也不应该放弃学习。
(3)当让步状语从句的动词用一般现在时表示将来或一般的行为习惯时.通常用 even though/if，一般不用though或者a1though.
e. g.even if/though 1 have to walk au the way.i'll go there.
即使我得一路走着去，我也要走到那里。
she won't attend such parties even though/if she is invited.
即使邀请她，她也不会参加这样的舞会.
但是，有时“though+情态动词+行为动词”也可以代替“even though/if+动词的一般现在时”，表示习惯性的行为.
e.g.even if/though you don't like wine/=though you may not like wine)。try a glass of this.
尽管你不喜欢喝酒，也要喝下这一杯。
3.complete，finish，end
(1)complete指具体某一工程建筑或某一部书的完成。强调完成、完毕的全过程.有完美无缺的意思。
e.g.she completed her homework early in the morning.
她一早就把家庭作业做完了。
the railway is not completed.
铁路尚未完工。
i need one more stamp before my collection is completed.
我还需要一张邮票我的收集就完整了。
(2)finish强调做某事动作的结束。
e.g.what time does the concert finish?
音乐会什么时候结束?
h have finished reading the book.
我已读完了这本书。
(3)end强调某事的终止时间而不考虑内容是否完成。
e. g.how does the story end?
这故事的结局如何?
her speech ended at two o’clock。
她的演讲在两点钟结束。
4.injure。hurt.harm, wound
这四个词都可表示“受伤害”.都可用作及物动词，但它们的含义有所区别。
(1)hurt是一般用语。多指肉体上或精神上受到的伤害，含有较强烈的“疼痛”意味。 hurt也可作不及物动词.
e.g.the driver hurt himself badly in the accident.
那位司机在这场事故中伤得很重。
he felt hurt at your words.
你的话使他很难过。
my back hurts.我的背疼.
(2)injure 比hurt正式，一般指(意外或事故而造成的)损伤。
e. g. he got injured in the traffic accident.
他在那场交通事故中受了伤。
it was really very dangerous.the horse nearly injured him.
真危险，那匹马差点伤了他。
(3)wound 一般指在战斗、战争、搏斗中所受的“枪伤，刀伤”。
e.g.the shot wounded his arm。
那一枪伤了他的胳膊.
ten soldiers were killed and thirty wounded.
十位战士被打死了，三十位战士受了伤。
(4)harm指对人的肉体和精神带来的伤害，特指伤及一个人或其健康、心态、权利、事业等.使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
e.g.smoking harms our health.
吸烟有害健康。
i have never harmed anybody。
我从未伤害过任何人。
ⅳ.能力训练
1.单句改错
(1)did you go to the party being held 0n new year's eve?
答案：去掉being.因为一般不用现在分词的被动式作定语.除非有明确的时间状语，过去分词就有被动和完成的含义。
(2)children like to drink cold boiling water.especially in summer.
答案：boiling改为boiled。因boiling water指“正在沸腾的水”.boiled water指“开过的水”，没有人能喝正在沸腾的水，这里指“凉开水”。
(3)spoken english is different from writing english in many ways.
答案：writing改为written。英语中有好些过去分词作定语构成固定短语，如本题 spoken english"英语口语”，written english“书面英语”。
(4)things seeing from a distance appear rather small.
答案：seeing改为seen。应用过去分词短语作定语。因things与see是被动关系。
(5)it is difficult to relate these results on any known cause.
答案：on改为to或with。因“relate to(with)”表示“将……与……连在一起/……和……有良好关系”。再如：she doesn't relate very well to her mother.她和她母亲相处得不好。
2.看图作文
国外某杂志社“家长学校栏目”举办征文比赛。本期主题为“what effects do parents have on their children?"。请根据下列图画，写一篇文章。
注意：(1)投稿人应简述故事，表明观点；
(2)词数110左右；
(3)开头已为你写好。
parents can be examples for their children.…
one possible version：
parents can be examples for their children . here is a story. one day a little boy watched his parents planting flowers in the garden, and he then learned to water and look after the little plants.when he saw that the flowers were growing well，he shared the happiness with his parents.their hard work resulted in beautiful flowers in full bloom, and the boy's father proudly picked a flower and gave it to his wife to show his love.but，to their great surprise.the boy picked all the flowers and presented them to his parents.only at this moment did the parents realize the great effects their behavior had on their children.so i think parents should try to be good teachers
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