新标准大学英语第一册unit 3 教案

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授课课程名称 大学英语 艺术学院2012级环艺专业 设计 班 级 3.4班 授课方式 课堂讲授（√ ） 实践课（ ） 考核方式 考试（√ ） 考查（ ） 必修课 课程类别 选修课 课程总学时 112 公共必修课（√） 专业必修课（ ） 公共选修课（ ） 专业限选课（ ） 专业任选课（ ） 周学时 6 学时分配 课堂讲授 100 学时；实践课 12 学时 教学目的与要求： 一、了解大学英语教学大纲中规定的单词和词组 二、了解词语搭配和从句的用法 三、了解基础写作技巧 四、了解和本单元有关的英语背景知识 五、提高学生的英语口语表达能力 教材名称 新标准大学英语 Simon Greenall 文秋芳 外语教学研究出版社 2008年1月 教 学 目 标 使用教材 编（著）者 出版社及出版时间 指定参考书 新标准大学英语教师用书 新标准大学英语综合训练 《实践英语》 《实用英语语法》 《21世纪实用英语语法一本通》 《疯狂英语口语绝招—句型经典》 《柯林斯迷你英语词典》

教 案 周 次 授课章节 本（章）节 授课方式 第 10-13周 授课时间 Unit 3 Learning to think 课堂讲授（√） 实践课（ ） 教学时数 6学时 2012年 11 月 13 日-2012年11月24日 本（章）节教学目标1) To know the meaning and usage of some important words, phrases and patterns 2) To be familiar with the writing skills of the text and make use of it in writing Writing skills: A paragraph of a point of view supported by reasons. 3) To improve Ss reading skills by studying Section B and passages in the Extensive Reading. Reading skills: Reading for the key idea in a sentence. 4) To stimulate Ss to discuss what is of great value in love. 5) To read widely outside class. 授 课 要 点 教学重点和难点 1. Understand the main idea and the structure of the text; 2. Grasp the key language points and grammatical structures in the text. 3. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit. 1

思考题 或 作 业 1. Ask students to sum up the main idea of the text and to analyze the writing techniques of the text. 2. Homework: Learn the words and phrases by heart and next week there will be a dictation; Do all the exercises on the book with translation done on the exercise book. 教学内容与组织安排 2

Period 1-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 Activity Active reading(1) Active reading(2) Reading across culture Guide writing Time limit 4 classes 2 classes 2 classes 2 classes Learning to think Teaching Procedure Part I Warming-up 1. Starting point 2. P2 Active Reading (1) Part II Language and Culture Socrates (469BC–399BC) was a Greek Athenian philosopher. He was unfairly charged with corruption of the young people of Athens and put to death. He didn’t write any books, but his ideas were recorded by Plato in The Dialogues of Plato and have had a major influence on Western thoughts. The Socratic method of teaching was largely through a dialogue in which the teacher asked students a series of questions which made them think for themselves about how people should conduct their lives. Part III Word Study 1. radical a. (radical opinions, ideas, leaders ,etc.) support thorough and complete social or political change （观点、想法、领导人等 ） 激进的，极端的 e.g. He also had radical views on politics. 他对政治也有相当极端的看法。 2. particularly ad. more than usual or more than others; especially 特别，尤其 Translate the following sentences into Chinese. 1. When all the people of the world remember to laugh, particularly at themselves, there will be no more dictators and no more wars. 当世界上所有的人都记得大笑，尤其是笑他们自己，就不会有独裁者，也不会有战争了。 2. His remarks were particularly helpful. 他的话特别有帮助。 3.suspicion n. 1) [U] a feeling that you do not trust someone or something 不信任，猜疑 e.g. Suspicion is the poison of friendship. 猜疑是友谊的毒药。 She always treated us with suspicion. 她对我们总是不信任。 above / beyond suspicion 无可怀疑的，没有嫌疑的 [C] a feeling that something bad is probably true or likely to happen （对某人做错事的）怀疑，猜疑，疑心 e.g. Neighbors’ suspicions were aroused by the bruises on the child’s arms. 孩子手臂上的伤痕引起了邻居们的怀疑。 Word family: suspect v. 怀疑；猜想 n. 嫌疑犯 suspicious a. 可疑的；怀疑的；多疑的 4.thwart vt. (fml) prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do [正式]阻挠；阻碍 e.g. We successfully thwarted the enemy's conspiracy. 我们成功地挫败了敌人的阴谋。 3

. thwarted ambition 受挫的雄心 5. organizational a. of or relating to an organization 组织的；结构的 e.g. I have good organizational skills and enjoy working with people. Word family: organize v. organization n. 6.vision n. [U] 1) the knowledge and imagination that are needed in planning for the future with a clear purpose 远见卓识；眼光，前瞻性 e.g. To tackle these environmental challenges will require real vision and leadership. 解决这些环境问题需要真正的远见和领导能力。 2) your ability to see 视力 e.g. After doing laser to treat myopia, how shall we protect our vision? 做完激光近视手术，我们该如何保护视力？ 7. dearth n. [sing] (fml) a lack of something 缺乏；不足 e.g. But today's crisis is not just a dearth of financial capital. 但目前的危机并非仅仅是资本的缺乏。 The 2012 host, London, faces numerous challenges, including tight budgets, security concerns, and a dearth of homegrown Olympic champions in many sports. 2012年奥运举办城市伦敦面临许多挑战，包括预算紧缺， 安全隐患，以及在许多运动项目上缺乏本土奥运冠军。 8.revere vt. (fml) respect and admire someone or something very much 尊敬；崇敬 e.g. They have deep spiritual ties to the moon, and they revere the mighty moon-spirit as one of their greatest totems. 他们与月亮有很深的精神联系，他们尊敬强大的月之精灵 把它作为他们最重要的图腾之一。 9.unmitigated a. (only before noun) something that is completely bad （仅用于名词前）十足的，全然的 e.g.Don’t believe him, what he said was an unmitigated lie. 别信他，他说的是彻头彻尾的谎言。 . The tour was an unmitigated disaster. 那次旅行是一次十足的灾难。 10.occasionally ad. sometimes, but not regularly and not often 偶尔，偶然，间或 e.g. The following adverse reactions may occasionally occur: dryness of the mouth, thirst, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness and abdominal discomfort. 偶尔可能出现下列副作用：口干、口渴、发困、乏力、头 晕、 腹部不适。 Word family: occasion n. occasional a. 11. mentor n. [C] an experienced person who advises and helps a less experienced person 导师，指导者 Fill the blanks with mentor, tutor , advisor. 1). The key to mastering any new job is finding the right __________. 2). The _________ took the young lad in hand and soon cured him of his idleness. 3). Mr. Obama has tapped retired Marine Corps General James Jones to be his national security _______. 12.glimpse n. [C] 1) (of / into) an experience that gives you an idea of what something is like 短暂的感受 e.g. Her worried face gave me a glimpse of her true feelings. 她的忧伤表情使我感受到她内心的真实感情。 13.advanced a. 1) studying or dealing with a school subject at a difficult level 高级的，高等的 e.g. advanced learners of English 4

2) using the most modern idea, equipment and methods 先进的 e.g. advanced life rescue detection and orientation method 14.malign vt. [usu. passive] say or write unpleasant things about someone that are untrue （一般用被动态）诽谤，污蔑 e.g. She had seen herself repeatedly maligned in the newspaper. 她认为自己在报上一再受到诽谤。 15.sum n. [C] 1) the total produced when you add two or more numbers together 总数，总和 e.g. . The sum of 6 and 4 is 10. 6 加4等于10。 The expenses came to an enormous sum. 开支总数巨大。 an amount of money 一笔（钱） e.g. a large / small sum of … 16.affirm vt. (fml) state publicly that something is true [正式] 断言，声明，确认 e.g. Learn from your failure, affirm yourself from success and enjoy your life. 从失败中了解自己，从成功中肯定自己，并且享受你的一生。 17.powerfully adv. in a powerful manner 有力地 e.g. These dogs are generally intelligent and powerfully built, performing a variety of tasks, including guarding homes and livestock, serving as draft animals, and as police, military and service dogs. 这些犬大都聪明而强壮，可执行各种任务，包括：用于看护家庭和家畜，作为牵引动物，作为军警犬或其他服务性犬。 18. humiliate vt. make someone ashamed or upset, especially by making them stupid or weak 使蒙羞，羞辱 e.g. Your resistance gives me strength, your will gives me courage, your spirit ennobles me. and though I aim to defeat you, should I succeed I will not humiliate you, instead, I will honor you. 你的竞争会给予我力量，你的意志会带给我勇气，你的精神会使我高贵。尽管我的目标是战胜你，但如果我能够成功，我不会羞辱你，相反，我会对你表达敬意。 19. gradually adv. in a way that happens or develops slowly over a long period of time 逐渐地，逐步地 e.g. She gradually built up a reputation as a successful lawyer. 她逐步建立了一名成功律师的名声。 Gradually add the flour. 慢慢地加面粉。 20.prevalent a. common at a particular time or in a particular place 盛行的，普遍的，流行的 e.g. The custom of worshipping ancestors is prevalent among these people. 崇拜祖先的风俗在这些人中是普遍的。 Cheating is so prevalent and so widely accepted that it becomes a way of academic life. 作弊是那么普遍和司空见惯，已成为学术生活中的一个方面。 Part IV Close Reading Pre-class discussion 1. A one-sentence summary of the text 2. Outline Text Analysis Step1 Main idea and understanding of text Step2 Paraphrase and language points 1.Thinking for yourself is not a popular activity, though it should be. Meaning: though it should be” refers to the author’s opinion who thinks that thinking for 5

yourself should be popular and who hopes to share her opinion with readers. 独立思考本该是一种普遍行为，而事实却并非如此。 2.… particularly in places that shape our lives families, schools and most workplaces… The hidden meaning of this sentence is that our lives are significantly influenced by places or social institutions like the family, school or workplaces. ……尤其是那些影响我们一生的地方—— 家庭、学校以及工作场所······ 3.I was reminded of this sad fact at a party when a fellow guest asked me the subject of a book I was planning to write. The author’s purpose of using the negative adj.“sad” is to show her disapproval of the attitude that “thinking for yourself can be seen as dangerous”. 在一个晚会上，当一位客人问起我酝酿的一本书的主题时，我再次想起了这个令人悲哀的事实。 4.When was the last organizational vision statement you saw that included the words “… to develop ourselves into a model environment in which everyone at every level can think for themselves”? The writer is questioning whether the mission statement of organizations or institutions includes words about staff at all levels thinking for themselves. “……在我们周围逐渐创建出一个模型环境，使各个层次的人都有独立思考的空间。”你最后一次看到饱含上述字眼的机构愿景陈述是在什么时候？ 5.We may have learned to revere thinkers like Socrates, but we also learned that the state poisoned him for thinking for himself: not unmitigated encouragement. This is an ironic way of supporting the argument that thinking for yourself is not at all encouraged. Socrates was a great Greek thinker who was poisoned for his way of teaching people to think for themselves . 我们可能早就知道应该尊敬像苏格拉底那样的思想家，可是我们也知道，因为独立思考，他所在的城邦毒死了他。这可绝不是给予他的毫无保留的支持与鼓励. 6.I was too scared around that teacher for the rest of my life to think very well in her presence. As a result of that teacher’s severe and rigid approach, the writer felt afraid in her presence. Consequently, the fear prevented the writer from thinking well for some time. 在后来的青春岁月里，我 一见到这位老师就害怕。 在她面前，我根本无法好好地思考。 7.... had she not fanned our fear of her, we would have learned even more powerfully what it meant to do our own thinking. To fan here means “to make a feeling or belief stronger”. Fanning the students’ fear is like the metaphor of fanning flames, thus although the students learned something about thinking for themselves, the learning was limited because the teacher increased their fear. 要是她一开始就肯定我们的聪明才智，给我们讲讲独立思考的乐趣，要是她没有激起我们对她的畏惧，我们大家就能更深切地体会到独立思考的意义。 Part V Developing critical thinking 1 How does the writer persuade readers that it is important to think for themselves? By using her own experience in the past, that is, through a personal story. 2 Would you agree that not many people know how to think for themselves? This depends on the experience of individuals. In some cultures people are not encouraged to think for themselves. They are expected to follow leaders or famous people. This has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantages are that people may be guided to do things in an efficient way, not wasting time or energy and get on with the work. The disadvantages are that the work produced may be very dull and merely a copy of others and people may not know what to do when an unexpected problem occurs. Many people may have to think for themselves one way or another during their lifetime. There needs to be some kind of balance between thinking for oneself and collaborating with others. 3.In what way can “thinking for yourself ” be dangerous? Examples can include: An incompetent leader may feel it is difficult to control those who think for themselves. There are too many opinions among independent thinkers, which can cause confusion or uncertainty. Too much time will be spent on coming to an agreement with others rather than getting down to practical matters. 4 Is the writer’s teacher a good teacher? Different cultures may have different opinions about whether the writer’s teacher is a good teacher or 6

not. The writer indicates that she does not think the teacher is a good teacher because her way of making students think for themselves was seen as humiliating – a method the writer does not recommend. However, the effect is that the writer learnt from this experience and developed her academic career based on “thinking for herself”. In some cultures, the way the teacher acted with the students may not be regarded as humiliating students, but a strong and effective way to help students develop their own thinking. 5.Thinking Styles Once upon a time there were IQ (Intelligence Quotient) tests, which were meant to measure your intelligence. They mostly tested your linguistic and mathematical skills. IQ tests still exist, but today psychologists think that people think in different ways, and there may be as many as seven different \"thinking styles\". Here are some of the statements they ask people to choose to describe themselves Hone your study skills Teaching Procedure Part I Warming-up 1. P6 Active Reading (2) Part II Language and Culture Learning styles:Honey and Mumford (1992) developed a questionnaire which identified four main learning types. Activist learners learn best from new experiences, generating ideas and trying things out;Theorists like to go through things logically, step by step, and to assimilate new information into a rational scheme or model; Reflectors learn best from activities that allow them space to listen, observe, reflect, gather information and make a considered judgment in their own time; Pragmatists learn best from activities that have a clear practical value, and prefer testing ideas in practical settings to open-ended discussion. Part III Word Study 1. hone vt. improve a skill or talent that is already well developed 磨练；磨砺 They hone their skills in their everyday lives. 他们在日常生活中磨炼才能。 In l960, Carlos' family moved to San Francisco while he stayed in Mexico to hone his musical skills in local clubs. 1960年,卡洛斯一家迁往旧金山,卡洛斯则留在墨西哥,在当地的俱乐部中磨练他的音乐技巧。 2. financial a. connected with money or the management of money 财政的，金融的 Word family: finance n. Translate the following into Chinese: This company was in serious financial difficulties. 这家公司陷入严重的财政困难。 The committee decided to make a withdrawal of financial support for his scheme. 委员会决定取消对他那项计划的资助。 3. resource n. [pl.] something such as land, minerals, or natural energy that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth [常用复]（人力、财力、物力等）资源 e.g. 1). I think we shall stress on the conservation of our natural resource. 我想我们应该强调保存我们的自然资源。 2). Resources management is an important business skill. 资源管理是一项重要的经营技能。 4. transfer v. 1) vt. move something from one place or position to another 移动 e.g. At the port the goods were transferred onto a ship. 货物在港口被转移到一艘船上。 2) v. move or arrange for someone to move from one place or job to another, especially within the same organization （在同一公司或组织内）调动，调职 e.g. She has been transferred to another department. 她已被调往另一部门。 trans-: across e.g. 1). A market or exchange where business is transacted. 2). She far transcends the others in beauty and intelligence. 7

3). She stood transfixed with fear. 4). His plans were transformed overnight into reality. 5). The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries. 5. lecturer n. 1) someone who gives a lecture 演讲者 e.g. The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him. 讲演的人俯视著下面无数的面孔。 2) someone who has the lowest teaching rank at a British university or college （英国大学或学院中的）讲师 e.g. A lecturer in the English Department has recently been refused tenure. 英语系一名讲师最近未能获得终身职位。 6. context n. the words and sentences that come before and after a particular word, and that help you to understand the meaning of the word 上下文，文章的前后关系 e.g. The determination of the meaning of a word is often difficult without a context. 脱离上下文来确定一个词的含义常常是困难的。 7. detail n. 1) a single feature, fact, or piece of information, or many small features considered together 细节，详情 e.g. Tod had planned the journey down to the smallest detail. 托德把这次旅行都规划好了，包括最小的细节。 2) [pl.] all the additional information you need about something you already know a little about 详细情 况；详细资料 e.g. For further details, contact the personnel department. 欲知详情，请与人事部联系。 8. critical a. 1) someone who is critical makes severe and often unfair judgments of people or things 批判的；爱挑剔的；吹毛求疵的 2) very important because what happens in the future depends on it 非常重要的；关键的 Word family: criticize v. criticism n. critically ad. Translate the following into Chinese: 1. I think the punishment to him is too critical. 我认为对他的惩罚太严厉了。 2. The reforms of enterprises are now at the critical moment. 现在企业的改革正处在紧要关头。 3. Your critical analysis helped me a great deal. 你的评论分析对我帮助很大。 4. You can’t criticize others when you behave so badly yourself. 本身行为不正，则不宜批评别人。 5. His partial attitude called forth a lot of criticism. 他的偏袒态度招致了不少批评。 9. integrate vt. 1) connect or combine two or more things so that together they form an effective unit or system 使结合；使成为一体 2) make someone become a full member of a group or society and be involved completely in its activities 使融入；使打成一片 Word family: integral a. 构成整体所必需的，不可缺少的 integration n. 结合，综合；同化，融入 1). Attempts to integrate the new immigrants have failed. 同化新移民的努力已宣告失败。 2). It has been very difficult to integrate all of the local agencies into the national organization. 将所有的地方机构合并为全国性的机构一直非常困难。 8

3). The kitchen is an integral part of a house. 厨房是房子不可缺的部分。 4). racial integration 种族融合 10. tutorial n. a lesson in which a student or a small group of students discusses a subject with a tutor, especially at a university or college 辅导班 e.g. He also tells me that your attendance at his tutorial and seminar have been poor. 他还告诉我说你的辅导课和讨论课出勤率不高。 Word family： tutor n. 导师，家庭教师 tutorial a. 11. vanish: (Line 43) (vi) disappear or go suddenly out of sight （莫名其妙地）突然消失 The magician vanished in a puff of smoke. 魔术师在一股烟雾中突然不见了。 My glasses seem to have vanished. 我的眼镜似乎不翼而飞了。 He seems have vanished without trace. 他似乎消失得无影无踪。 12. compress (sth) (into sth): (Line 44) press or squeeze sth together or into a smaller space; be pressed or squeezed in this way（被）压紧，压缩 compress sth (into sth): reduce sth and fit it into a smaller space or amount of time 精简，浓缩，压缩 She compresses her nostrils. 她捏紧鼻孔。 Her lips compressed into a thin line. 他的双唇抿成了一道缝。 The main arguments were compressed into one chapter. 主要的论证被压缩进了一个章节。 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences. 他把一生的戎马生涯压缩成几句话。 13. activist n. someone who works hard to achieve social or political change, especially as an active member of a political organization 积极分子；活动家（尤指属于某组织的成员） e.g. On the issue of industrial pollution, the environmental activist plead with the government not to soft-pedal. 自然环境保护活动分子请求政府不要对工业污染问题采取低调态度。 eco-activist / ecology-activist 热心于防止环境污染的人士 14. produce feelings / opinions 引起；引发 1). News of the Queen’s visit is generating a lot of excitement. 女王访问的消息使人们兴奋不已。 2). As far back as 1995, articles in medical journals and the establishment of a Pennsylvania treatment center for over-users generated interest in the subject. (CET-2010-06) 早在1995年，医药期刊的文章和宾州过度（上网）者治疗中心的成立引起了人们对这个话题的兴趣。 15. keep sth. in mind: remember a fact or piece of information because it will be useful to you in the future 记住某事（指将来对你有用的情况或信息） 1). Besides keeping their friends in mind, the Chinese people, now at the high tide of revolution, should also keep their enemies firmly in mind. 处在革命高潮中的中国人民除了记住自己的朋友以外,还应当牢牢地记住自己的敌人。 2). Keep in mind that you have to be home by 11 o'clock. 记住，你必须在十一点以前回家。 Part IV Close Reading Pre-class discussion 1. A one-sentence summary of the text 2. Outline Text Analysis Step1 Main idea and understanding of text Part I (Para 1) the introduction of the topic of studying skills which are important for students, especially for freshets. 9

PartⅡ(Para 2 to Para 4) lectures and note-taking. PartⅢ(Para 5 to Para 9) various learning styles. Part Ⅳ(Para 10 to Para 12) how to do research in college. Part Ⅴ(Para 13 to Para 16) how to write essays. Step2 Paraphrase and language points 1. Like everyone else, students have their fair share of problems. The idea of fair share here is that everyone has problems of some sort or other, in more or less equal shares, as if problems are divided among the population. Thus, students have problems, just as other people do. 2. … and surviving on limited financial resources … The word resources refers to something you can use to help you achieve something, for example, financial resources refers to money. If such resources are limited / constrained / scarce / in short supply, then there isn’t much money available. 3. ... place the material of the course in context ... The word context refers to the general situation in which something happens, which helps to explain it. Placing something in context can thus include giving details of time, place, situation, social, historical or theoretical background, and other features which influence what happens or what is said. As students get more experience of university study, they may realize, especially in social sciences and humanities, that a lot of studies and research involve understanding different contexts, so this can become a powerful tool for learning. 4. The important thing is not to get bogged down in the research and become overwhelmed by the material. The expression be / get bogged down literally means “to become stuck in mud or soft ground” (a bog is an area of ground that is always wet and soft). As a common metaphor, it means to become so involved in something that you cannot make any progress because you have lost sight of the purpose or goal. 5. … if it is at all complex or confusing. The phrase at all here means “in any way” or “to any degree”. 6. Think also about any built-in assumptions it may contain. Built-in assumptions means these assumptions form a part of the title and cannot be separated from it. 7.For example, “To what extent did Parliament increase its power in the 16th century?” almost invites you to agree with the assumption that Parliament did increase its power. This essay title contains the assumption that Parliament did increase its power, and from the wording (to what extent …) it looks as if students are expected to agree with this and simply discuss how far they agree (partly, largely, mainly or even perhaps completely). Reading across cultures Thinking across cultures The Ten Study Habits of Successful Students all over the world Successful students have good study habits. They apply these habits to all of their classes. Read about each study habit. Work to develop any study habit you do not have. Try not to do too much studying at one time. If you try to do too much studying at one time, you will tire and your studying will not be very effective. Space the work you have to do over shorter periods of time. Taking short breaks will restore your mental energy. Plan specific times for studying. Study time is any time you are doing something related to schoolwork. It can be completing assigned reading, working on a paper or project, or studying for a test. Schedule specific times throughout the week for your study time. Try to study at the same times each day. Studying at the same times each day establishes a routine that becomes a regular part of your life, just like sleeping and eating. When a scheduled study time comes up during the day, you will be mentally prepared to begin studying. Set specific goals for their study times.Goals will help you stay focused and monitor your progress. Simply sitting down to study has little value. You must be very clear about what you want to accomplish during your study times. Start studying when planned. You may delay starting your studying because you don't like an assignment or think it is too hard. A delay in studying is called \"procrastination.\" If you procrastinate for any reason, you will find it difficult to get everything done when you need to. You may rush to make up the time you 10

wasted getting started, resulting in careless work and errors. Work on the assignment they find most difficult first. Your most difficult assignment will require the most effort. Start with your most difficult assignment since this is when you have the most mental energy. Review their notes before beginning an assignment. Reviewing your notes can help you make sure you are doing an assignment correctly. Also, your notes may include information that will help you complete an assignment. Tell their friends not to call them during their study times. Two study problems can occur if your friends call you during your study times. First, your work is interrupted. It is not that easy to get back to what you were doing. Second, your friends may talk about things that will distract you from what you need to do. Here's a simple idea - turn off your cell phone during your study times. 9) Call another student when they have difficulty with an assignment. This is a case where \"two heads may be better than one.\" 10) Review their schoolwork over the weekend. Yes, weekends should be fun time. But there is also time to do some review. This will help you be ready to go on Monday morning when another school week begins. Guided writing Sample Learning Style Educators have known for a long time that people learn in different ways. That is why teachers present information in various forms. For example, as well as explaining a new language, language teachers often provide other learning experiences such as books, charts, videos, audio cassettes, songs, debates and group work. In this way, all students in a class have an opportunity to learn in the way that best suits them. In the last 50 years or so, researchers have been studying learners in an attempt to identify all the possible learning styles that humans use. They we can very roughly divide people into three groups — those who learn best through seeing, those who learn best through listening and those who learn best through moving, doing or touching. Some research has identified eight distinct learning styles, and researchers have made up tests to find out which of these learning styles best suits different people. These tests show that, although most people have one dominant style of learning, they are also able to use other learning styles effectively. Some people even seem to have many different learning styles. The advantage of knowing what kind of learner you are is that you can then study in the way that best suits your learning style.

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