5． 阻止……做某事 6． 把……冲走 7． 与……协调 8． 为某人提供某物 9． 以……为食 Ⅳ.重点句型
1．Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, .
想像一下群山被银光闪闪的河流环绕，在春日的阳光下闪耀。 2．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, .
这些梯田是广西当地的壮族人和瑶族人修筑的。 3． ,_these in terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
放眼过去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。
4．During the rainy season, along these waterways rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces.
在雨季，雨水就是沿着这些水道从山上流到梯田里的。
1.Which is not the colour of the Longji Rice Terraces? A．green B．gold C．white D．red
2．These terraces were built by ________.
A．Han people B．local Zhuang and Yao people C．Dai people D．Tujia people
3．What is most significant for the local people? A．They work in harmony with nature B．They ask the government for help C．They help each other D．They grow rice
4．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The new generation value the traditional methods a lot. B．We should give up old farming completely. C．We should only use modern technology.
D．Visitors come to admire the nature.
易错辨析：
therefore和so的用法区别
①therefore是正式用语，为连接性副词，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，特别用以表示严密的推理；它不能直接用来连接两个并列分句，前后两个句子之间常用分号或句号隔开，或用连词and连接。
②so可作连词，其前可用逗号隔开也可直接连接两个分句，用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中。 ►重点单词和短语
1．therefore adv.因此
(1)therefore是副词，意为“因此；为此；所以”，引出结果、结局或结论，不能误作连词。
(2)therefore可引出一个独立句，但不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面要用分号或句号隔开。
①I learned that fish are coldblooded animals and therefore are very sensitive to water temperature.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温很敏感。
②We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
我们的钱不够，因此买不起这辆新车。 [即学即练] 用therefore或so填空。
(1)He was very tired, and therefore he didn't give the market report.
(2)The student often broke the school rules. So/Therefore the teacher thought of some rules and made him follow them.
(3)He was down with the flu; therefore he couldn't go to the party.
(4)There was no food in the house so we rang out for a pizza.
2.prevent v．阻挡，防止
prevent sb. from doing
stop sb. from doingkeep sb. from doing
①If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
如果你喜欢的话，将少量新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变为褐色。
②The rain did not stop us from enjoying the trip. 那场雨没有妨碍我们享受那次旅行。
③There's nothing to keep you from accepting the offer. 没有什么可以阻止你接受这份工作。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)You can't stop people from saying (say) what they think.
(2)The church bells keep me from sleeping.
(3)He was prevented from playing in the football match by a back injury.
3．harmony n．和谐
(1)in harmony 和谐
in harmony with sth. 和某事物一致；和某事物协调 social harmony 社会和谐
(2)harmonious adj. (关系)和睦的；和谐的 to create a harmonious society 创建和谐社会
①Harmony in the family is the basis for success in any undertaking.
家和万事兴。
②Although war still exists on our planet, I do believe it's possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
虽然我们的星球上仍然有战争，但我相信不同的民族能够和睦相处。
阻止某人做某事
③Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
你的建议与本项目的目标不符。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)To our satisfaction, most of us have realised the importance of living in harmony with nature.
(2)Studies show that kids living and studying in a harmonious (harmony) environment are less likely to become aggressive.
4．design v．设计；构思；计划 n．设计，国策
(1)design sth. for sth. 为……设计…… be designed to do sth. 被设计来做某事 be designed as... 被设计为…… (2)by design＝on purpose 故意的 (3)designer n. 设计师
①She designed a new logo for the company. 她为公司设计了一个新标志。
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
“HUNCH项目”的设计初衷是将美国国家航空和航天局的工程师与高中学校教育联系到一起。
③But more importantly, it will be designed as a new tool for businesses, particularly small businesses like mine, to use.
但更重要的是，它将被设计成一种新的工具，让企业，尤其是像我这种小公司使用。
④As Colonel Tootal tells it, this strategy emerged more by accident than by design.
正如图塔尔上校所言，这一策略的产生与其说是蓄意地，不如说是意外。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The book is designed for a reference manual.
(2)Do you think he broke the vase by design or by chance?
(3)We have special programmes designed (design) for audience aged above 60.
(4)This series of books are designed to_help (help) children who are visually impaired.,易错提示：
prevent... (from) doing sth.和stop... (from) doing sth.用于主动语态时，from可以省略掉，用于被动语态时不能省略。但是keep... from doing sth.中的from在主被动语态中均不可以省略，因为keep... doing sth.的含义是“使……持续做某事”。
语境助记：
We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony.
我们应该共同努力创建一个和谐社会，在这个和谐社会中，每个人都能和睦共处。
高考助记： [2019·全国卷Ⅲ]
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
对于西方设计师来说，中国和它璀璨的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。
高考助记： [2019·全国卷Ⅰ]
While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
虽然太阳射线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也能为我们提供有益的维生素D。
漫画助记：
There are three generations in my family. 在我家有三代人。
联想拓展：
attraction中用于表“景点”
tourist attraction“旅游景点”为可数名词
When you come next month, I'll show you around our city and visit many tourist attractions.
下月你来的时候，我会带你参观我们这个城市的很多景点。,
5.harm v．危害，伤害 n．损害，伤害
(1)do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth. harm 伤害某人/某物 mean no harm 并无恶意
do no/great/much/a lot of harm to 对……无害/有很大害处/有很多害处
there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 不妨做某事
(2)harmful adj. 有害的 (反)harmless 无害的
be harmful to 对……有害
①The court case will do serious harm to my business.＝The court case will do my business serious harm.这起诉讼案件
将严重损害我的生意。
②Just forget it! I mean no harm to you.别在意！我对你并没有恶意。
③There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.＝It does no harm to give gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
给孩子礼物没有什么坏处，但是它们不应该是奖赏。
④Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.
空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)As we all know, eating too much sugar can do harm to children's teeth.
(2)It's said that too much sunshine is harmful (harm) to one's skin.
(3)You can hold the snake —it's harmless (harm)．
6．generation n．一代人；代
(1)generation gap 代沟
(2)from generation to generation＝generation after generation 代代相传
(3)for generations 世世代代
(4)the rising/young generation 年轻一代
①Our understanding of education, work and society is different from that of the earlier generation.
我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和上一代人不同。
②How can teachers help to bridge the generation gap between parents and their teenage children?
教师怎样才能帮助消除父母与青少年子女之间的代沟呢？ ③Our family have been farmers for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都是农民。
[即学即练] 单句写作
(1)This tradition has been handed down from_generation_to_generation.
这个传统是一代一代传下来的。
(2)My family have lived in this house for_generations. 我们家世世代代都住在这栋房子里。 7．attract vt.吸引；引起……的兴趣
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sb./sth. 吸引某人对某人/某物感兴趣 (2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物 (3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
①They tried to leave the hotel without attracting anyone's attention.
他们试图不引起任何人的注意离开酒店。
②What first attracted you to the study of physics？一开始是什么吸引你来研究物理的？
③The idea of travelling to the moon holds little attraction to me.
到月球去旅行这个主意对我没有多少吸引力。
④A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.
法律行业对年轻人的吸引力越来越大。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Chengdu has the advantage in industries, universities and research institutes, which makes it attractive (attract) to top professionals.
(2)The Temple of Heaven is a popular tourist attraction (attract) in Beijing.
(3)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.8.admire v．欣赏；钦佩；赞美
(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 (2)admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；羡慕 with admiration 赞赏地；羡慕地 (3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
①We took time to stop and admire the view. 我们腾出时间驻足欣赏风景。 ②I really admire your enthusiasm.
我确实钦佩你的热情。
③Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.
刘易斯因其对中世纪文学的研究而备受赞誉。
④People all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emergencies.
人们都钦佩地看着这个睿智的人，因为他在任何情形下都能应付紧急情况。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)We admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.
(2)We stopped halfway up the hill, admiring (admire) the view.
(3)I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the wounded.
(4)Your courage to face the challenge is admirable (admire)． ►重点句型
(教材P62)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
放眼望去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。
本句为现在分词在句中作伴随状语。,现在分词短语作伴随状语的特点是：它所表示的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语的动作而发生或存在的。一般将其置于句尾，可用逗号将其与句子主干分开。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
①The students entered the classroom, smiling and talking. 学生们有说有笑地进了教室。
②Don't sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.
不要在那里干坐着，过来帮我收拾餐桌。 ③He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
④Four people entered the room, looking around in a curious way.
四个人进入房间，好奇地环顾四周。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.
(2)The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bath) the mountain in golden light.
(3)That singer bowed deeply to the judges, showing (show) her sincere gratitude.
(4)Mum was busy in the kitchen, cooking (cook) dinner for the whole family.,易错辨析：
admirable高尚的，令人钦佩的 admiring赞赏的，羡慕的
联想拓展：
伴随状语中的动词与主句之间构成被动关系时，用过去分词。 The teacher enters the classroom, followed by his students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生们。
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．My mother (包) a pack of delicate candy.
2．The ceremony marked the (完成) of the new hospital building.
3．The photographer used a camera with a flash and (因此) the image was clear.
4．San Francisco is built on hills and some are very (陡峭的)．
5．These fish are found in (浅的) waters around the coast.
6．Nothing would (阻止) him from speaking out against injustice.
7．The number of people employed in (农业) has fallen in the last decade. 8．The professor measured the position of the basin and eventually (设计) the solution. 9．Experts in agriculture say chemical fertilizers enable crops to grow faster, but (伤害) the soil. 10．Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in perfect (和谐). Ⅱ.短语填空 in harmony with， be covered in， be home to， plenty of， feed on 1．There are opportunities for young people in big cities. 2．Butterflies a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. 3．The small village is now bright moonlight. 4．Sichuan China pandas and several other wild animals. 5．We must try to live ourselves and those around us. Ⅲ.单句写作 1．It is a region of vast agricultural resources, with farms of corn and grain stretching (极目所尽)． 2．The course (为……而设计) graduate students of Information Science. 3．I know you are a good student from (你回答……的方式) your teacher's questions. 4． (按照传统风俗), children play tricks on 1 April. 5．People in this region have concentrated on agriculture (世世代代)． Ⅳ.短文填空 In this 1. (地区) of China, people have devoted themselves to 2 (农业) for generations. They have passed on the tradition of several 3 (朝代) and built 4. (梯田) on the 5. (陡峭的) mountains to grow 6. (庄稼) on 7. (浅的) 8. (土壤). In winter, the mountains are covered in 9. (层) of 10. (霜) and snow, and 11 (因此) the terraces flash in the sunlight. To 12. (防止) the loss of soil and water, they have 13. (设计) and built waterways around the terraces. It is significant to build such terraces. It 14. (反映) the 15. (和谐) between man and nature. The beauty here attracts a large number of tourists who admire it. Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas Ⅰ.核心单词 1． n. 障碍物 2． n. 结构，构造 3． n. 生物，有机体 4． adj. 水下的 5． n. 脸盆，盆地 6． adj. 宏伟的，壮观的 7． n. 山谷，谷 8． n. 高台，平台 9． n. 瀑布 10． n. 海峡 11． n. 沙漠，荒原 12． v. 出版 13． n. 专家 adj. 专家的 14． v. 租用 Ⅱ.拓展单词
1． adj.位于……的→ v．把……设置在→ n．位置 2． n．园丁→ n．花园，菜园→ n．园艺 3． n．美；美人→ v．美化→ adj.美丽的→ adv.美妙地 4． adj.有限的→ v．限制→ adj.无限的 5． v．改进，提升→ n．改善 Ⅲ.重点短语 1． . 花费时间做 2． . 没有比……更好的了 3． 导致某人做…… 4． 也，还 5． 对……好 6． 反思 Ⅳ.重点句型 1． ,_the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms. 大堡礁坐落在珊瑚海，是由生物体组成的最大的结构。 2．The ... enough vegetables and fruit. ……使我们难以获得足够的蔬菜和水果。 3． spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world. 尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。 4．“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.” 在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。
►重点单词和短语 1．located adj.位于……的
(1)be located in/on/by ……位于…… (2)location n. 位置，场所
(3)locate v. 找出位置；将……设置在 locate sth. 定位某物
locate sth. in 把某物设置在……
①One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris.
世界上最大的美术馆之一——卢浮宫，也坐落于巴黎。 ②What is the exact location of the ship? 那条船的确切位置在哪里？
③Can you locate Berlin on the map? 你能在地图上找到伯林的位置吗？
④The company located its branch office in the suburbs. 这家公司在郊区设立了分公司。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)The three theatres are (locate) in the centre of the town.
(2)His company is in a really good (locate)．
(3)Their new house is located by the river. 联想拓展：
表示“位于……”还有be situated in/on/by... lie in/on/by...等 高考助记：
[2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读]
Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。
高考助记：
[2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五]Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
医院里看到窗外树枝的病人很可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
漫画助记：
You shouldn't drive beyond the limit on this road.
在这个路上你不能超速行驶。,2.expert adj.专家的 n．专家，行家
(1)be expert at/in (doing) sth. 在做某事方面在行 seek expert advice 征求专家意见
(2)an expert at/on/in 一个……方面的行家 a computer/medical expert 计算机/医学专家
①She is expert at making cheap but stylish clothes. 她擅长做便宜但时髦的服装。
②If you can't make it by yourself, you can seek expert advice.
如果你自己不能够做到的话，你可以寻求专家意见。 [即学即练] 单句写作
Mr. Green is and he dealing with all kinds of patients.
格林先生是一个医学专家，他擅长应对各种病人。 3．branch n．树枝，分支；分部；支流
①He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树，藏在树枝里面。
②The bank has branches in all large cities. 那家银行在所有的大城市中皆有分行。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The head office of the company is in Beijing, but it has (branch) all over the country.
(2)The bank has decided to in Shanghai. 这家银行已经决定在上海开一个分行。 4．limited adj.有限的
(1)limited company 有限责任公司 (2)limit v. 限制，限定/n.限度，限制 limit ... to... 将……限制在……范围内 be limited to... 局限于
there is no limit to... 是无限的 (3)limitless adj. 无限的
①Shops have a very limited selection. 商店里的选择非常有限。
②There is no limit to knowledge. 学海无涯。
③The government has set strict limits on levels of pollution.
政府对污染程度作了严格的限制。
④His living expenses are limited to 200 yuan per month. 他的生活费被限制在每月200元。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The limit the foreign factories will be relaxed.
(2)The article should be limited 100 words.
(3)Because of the (limit) funds, the company was forced to lay off many workers.
(4)In order to save time, he limited his lecture thirty minutes.
►重点句型
1．(教材P68)And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world.
尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。
(1)while引导让步状语从句
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，一般用于句首。
While he has shortcomings, I still like him.尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
否定词not, never, nothing, no等与形容词或副词的比较级连用时，表达最高级含义。
①The news couldn't have come at a better time.这消息来得再及时不过了。
②Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular.
布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
③She likes nothing better than a nice walk along the beach.
她最喜欢沿着海滩愉快地散步。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1) the global economy shows sign of recovery, many developing countries are still suffering.
(2)I have never heard a(n) (interesting) story.
(3)There is nothing (good) than living in the city.
2．(教材P69)“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
“在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。”
where引导地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，在从句中作状语，where引导的地点状语从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
①Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
②Please put the picture where I can see it. 请把图片放在我能看见的地方。
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中where引导的从句类型。
(1)A tall building is put up at the place where there used to be a desert.定语从句 (2)Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.地点状语从句 (3)The doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.地点状语从句, 易混辨析： where引导地点状语从句和引导定语从句的区别 从句 区别 where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的where引导地点状谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行语从句 词。从句可放在句首。 where引导定语从where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其句 前有表示地点的先行词。从句不可放在句首。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．They are hoping to discover (live) organisms in the soil. 2．We, along with the exchange students, have no language, and no cultural (barrier)． 3．The earthquake caused minor (structure) damage. 4．The factory replaced most of its workers robots. 5．The car (narrow) missed a cyclist. Ⅱ.短语填空 a number of， be located in， join... to...， differences between... and...， note down 1．The island the mainland by a bridge. 2．He what the teacher said in his notebook.
3． questions came up at the meeting. 4．Are there any you and him? 5．Shandong the east part of China. Ⅲ.短文填空 Yesterday, we paid a visit to the coral 1 (礁) and 2. (观察) some sea creatures as well as the 3. (构造) of ocean 4. (生物). We 5. (乘船) across the 6 (海峡) and then went through the underwater 7. (隧道). It was a very exciting day. Next week we're going to see the 8. (大峡谷) located in the 9. (盆地), and the 10. (瀑布) located in the 11 (山谷). The best way to do this is to get on the 12. (平台) of the 13. (瞭望台) and watch. You will hear the 14. (瀑布) 15. (发出轰鸣声) and see 16. (骆驼) walking in the 17. (沙漠) in the 18. (远处)． Ⅳ.语法填空 This is our classroom 1. windows face south, where there are fifty students in all, of 2. 23 are girls and the others are boys. One of the most hardworking boys is Mike, 3. parents are both doctors and who dreams of 4. (be) a musician. One day something 5. (usual) happened. He was absent but no one knew the reason 6. he didn't come. At last, we went to the hospital 7. his parents worked. His mother told us he was infected with a terrible disease, because of 8. he would be kept away from school. Then his mother showed us to the room 9. he was being treated. We told him everything 10 happened in the school and wished he would recover soon.
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures Grammar——现在进行时表将来 [新知导引] 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 (1)My parents are taking (take) me to Yunnan province in China to visit Lijiang. (2)We are meeting (meet) at 10：00 a．m. at the bus stop near our school. (3)The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon. [共性呈现] 三个例句都是用现在进行时态表示将来。 [语法精释] 一、现在进行时的基本用法 1．现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的尚未完成的动作或状态。 What are you doing now, Bob? 鲍勃，你在干什么？ Look！What are they watching? 看，他们正在看什么？ 2．现在进行时表示目前这段时间正在进行的动作。 现在进行时可表示目前这段时间正在进行，但此时此刻未必正在进行的动作。 George is working on a new book about stories in schools. 乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。 3．现在进行时与always, constantly, all the time等副词(短语)连用时，可表反复性、一贯性动作，常用来表示赞扬、生气、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。 He is always asking for money. 他老是要钱。 She is constantly changing her mind. 她总是改变主意。 [即学即练1] 完成句子 (1)我们正在等你。
We are_waiting (wait) for you. (2)格林先生在写另一部小说。
Mr. Green is_writing (write) another novel. (3)他总是先想着别人。
He is always thinking (think) of others first. 二、现在进行时表示将来的用法
1．动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表示最近或较近的将来会发生的动作。
They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这儿。 When are you leaving? 你们什么时候动身？
2．除上述动词外，还有一些动词也可用现在进行时表示将来。
I'm meeting you after class. 下课后我要见你。
3．偶尔也表示较远的将来。
When I grow up, I'm joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
4．现在进行时也可用在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。
If they are not going, I won't go, either. 如果他们不去，我也不去。 [即学即练2] 完成句子 (1)我明天要动身去北京。
I am_leaving_for Beijing tomorrow. (2)他什么时候到车站？
When is_he_getting_to/arriving_at the station? (3)下星期天你打算干什么？
What are_you_doing next Sunday? (4)我妈妈不久将给我买辆自行车。 My mother is_buying me a bike soon. 三、其他几种表示将来的结构
1．will/shall do表示单纯将来，可用于说话时才想到或决定的事。
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天了。
2．be going to do用来表示近期或事先考虑要发生的事情以及有迹象表明将要发生的事。
The storm seems to be coming quickly. 看起来暴风雨很快就要来了。
3．be to do表示预定、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 They are to get married next month. 他们下个月就要结婚了。 4．be about to do意为“刚要，正要”，表示非常近的将来。 be about to do不能和表示将来时间的副词连用。 She was about to leave when some guests came. 她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。
5．一般现在时也可以表示将来。通常用于状语从句中或按规定(时刻表、计划表、日程表等)将要发生的动作。
The next plane leaves at 6：00 p．m. 下一趟航班晚上6点起飞。 [名师点津]
其中有一些动词一般不用于进行时。
(1)表示人的心理状态、情感的动词want, mind, wish, recognize, know, understand, hate, fear等。
(2)表存在或位置的词：remain, stand等。
(3)表示知觉的动词：see, hear, notice, smell等。
(4)表示所属的词或短语：have, possess, own, consist of，belong to等。
(5)表示暂时性的动词：accept, allow, decide, promise等。 [即学即练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)She will_come (come) back next week.
(2)The wedding is to_take (take) place next Sunday.
(3)He as well as his parents is_going (go) to attend a party to be held this weekend.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The telephone (ring). Would you answer it, please?
2．He always (do)things f
or others, so everyone has high praise for him.
3．He (write) a book about his experiences in Africa these days.
4．How many of you (come)to the party tonight?
5．I (take) my daughter to Central Park this Saturday.
6．The match (start) at 3：30 p．m. 7．We (move) to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.
8．—I'm going to Singapore next week.
—How long you (stay) there?
9．The train (arrive) in three hours.
10．It's half past one now. They (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate.
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他两小时后将赴伦敦和经理会面。(leave)
He London in two hours to meet with his manager.
2．下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。(play)
After class, we football on the playground.
3．下周五我们将乘飞机去上海出席一个重要的会议。(fly) We to Shanghai next Friday to attend an important meeting.
4．他明天上午到。(arrive)
He tomorrow morning.
5．因为有重要的事情要处理，客人今晚坐火车走。(leave) The guest by train tonight because he has an important thing to deal with.
6．今晚我不出去，我待在家里。(stay)
I'm not going out tonight. I at home. 7．天气预报说明天天气暖和。(be)
The weather forecast says that tomorrow. 8．门卫正要去睡觉，这时有人敲门。(about)
The gate guide go to bed someone knocked at the door.
9．据预测，第二年的增长率只有1%。(forecast) Next year's growth rate at just 1%. 10．不管他多忙，他总是乐意帮助别人。
No matter how ,_he is ready to help others.
答案：
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas Ⅰ.核心单词 1．wrap v． 包，裹 2．flash n. 闪光 3．sheet n. (一) 层 4．dynasty n. 朝代 5．region n. 地区，区域 6．therefore adv. 因此 7．steep adj. 陡的，陡峭的 8．shallow adj. 浅的 9．prevent v. 阻挡，防止 10．harmony n. 和谐 11．generation n. 一代人 Ⅱ.拓展单词 1．completion n．完成→complete v．完成 adj.完整的→completely adv.完整地，完全地 2．significant adj.重要的→significance n．重要性 3．design v．设计→designed adj.设计好的→designer n．设计师 4．harm v/n.伤害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 5．tradition n．传统→traditional adj.传统的 6．agriculture n．农业→agricultural adj.农业的 7．attract v．吸引→attraction n．有吸引力的事物→attractive adj.有吸引力的 8．admire v．欣赏；羡慕→admiration n．欣赏→admirable adj.令人欣赏的 Ⅲ.重点短语 1．(be)_wrapped_in 被……包裹 2．be_home_to 是……的家乡 3．as_far_as_the_eye_can_see 极目所尽 4．turn..._into... 把……变成…… 5．prevent..._from_doing_sth. 阻止……做某事
6．wash_away 把……冲走 7．in_harmony_with 与……协调 8．provide_sth._for_sb. 为某人提供某物 9．feed_on 以……为食 Ⅳ.重点句型 1．Imagine mountains wrapped in silver water, shining_in_the_spring_sun. 想像一下群山被银光闪闪的河流环绕，在春日的阳光下闪耀。 2．These terraces were built by the local Zhuang and Yao people, to_whom_Guangxi_is_home. 这些梯田是广西当地的壮族人和瑶族人修筑的。 3．Reaching_as_far_as_the_eye_can_see,_these in terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top. 放眼过去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。 4．During the rainy season, it_is along these waterways that rainwater moves down the mountains and into the terraces. 在雨季，雨水就是沿着这些水道从山上流到梯田里的。 1.Which is not the colour of the Longji Rice Terraces? A．green B．gold C．white D．red 答案：D 2．These terraces were built by ________. A．Han people B．local Zhuang and Yao people C．Dai people D．Tujia people 答案：B 3．What is most significant for the local people? A．They work in harmony with nature B．They ask the government for help C．They help each other D．They grow rice 答案：A 4．What can we infer from the passage? A．The new generation value the traditional methods a lot.
B．We should give up old farming completely. C．We should only use modern technology. D．Visitors come to admire the nature. 答案：A
易错辨析：
therefore和so的用法区别
①therefore是正式用语，为连接性副词，常用于数学、逻辑和其他精细的推论中，特别用以表示严密的推理；它不能直接用来连接两个并列分句，前后两个句子之间常用分号或句号隔开，或用连词and连接。
②so可作连词，其前可用逗号隔开也可直接连接两个分句，用于简洁的会话和日常的文体中。 ►重点单词和短语
1．therefore adv.因此
(1)therefore是副词，意为“因此；为此；所以”，引出结果、结局或结论，不能误作连词。
(2)therefore可引出一个独立句，但不能连接两个句子，因此当therefore前没有and等连词时，前面要用分号或句号隔开。
①I learned that fish are coldblooded animals and therefore are very sensitive to water temperature.
我了解到鱼是冷血动物，因此对水温很敏感。
②We do not have enough money. Therefore we cannot afford to buy the new car.
我们的钱不够，因此买不起这辆新车。 [即学即练] 用therefore或so填空。
(1)He was very tired, and therefore he didn't give the market report.
(2)The student often broke the school rules. So/Therefore the teacher thought of some rules and made him follow them.
(3)He was down with the flu; therefore he couldn't go to the party.
(4)There was no food in the house so we rang out for a
pizza.
2.prevent v．阻挡，防止
prevent sb. from doing
stop sb. from doingkeep sb. from doing
①If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.
如果你喜欢的话，将少量新鲜的柠檬汁挤到香蕉上会防止它变为褐色。
②The rain did not stop us from enjoying the trip. 那场雨没有妨碍我们享受那次旅行。
③There's nothing to keep you from accepting the offer. 没有什么可以阻止你接受这份工作。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)You can't stop people from saying (say) what they think.
(2)The church bells keep me from sleeping.
(3)He was prevented from playing in the football match by a back injury.
3．harmony n．和谐
(1)in harmony 和谐
in harmony with sth. 和某事物一致；和某事物协调 social harmony 社会和谐
(2)harmonious adj. (关系)和睦的；和谐的 to create a harmonious society 创建和谐社会
①Harmony in the family is the basis for success in any undertaking.
家和万事兴。
②Although war still exists on our planet, I do believe it's possible for different ethnic groups to live together in harmony.
虽然我们的星球上仍然有战争，但我相信不同的民族能够和睦相处。
阻止某人做某事
③Your suggestions are not in harmony with the aims of this project.
你的建议与本项目的目标不符。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)To our satisfaction, most of us have realised the importance of living in harmony with nature.
(2)Studies show that kids living and studying in a harmonious (harmony) environment are less likely to become aggressive.
4．design v．设计；构思；计划 n．设计，国策
(1)design sth. for sth. 为……设计…… be designed to do sth. 被设计来做某事 be designed as... 被设计为…… (2)by design＝on purpose 故意的 (3)designer n. 设计师
①She designed a new logo for the company. 她为公司设计了一个新标志。
②HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.
“HUNCH项目”的设计初衷是将美国国家航空和航天局的工程师与高中学校教育联系到一起。
③But more importantly, it will be designed as a new tool for businesses, particularly small businesses like mine, to use.
但更重要的是，它将被设计成一种新的工具，让企业，尤其是像我这种小公司使用。
④As Colonel Tootal tells it, this strategy emerged more by accident than by design.
正如图塔尔上校所言，这一策略的产生与其说是蓄意地，不如说是意外。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The book is designed for a reference manual.
(2)Do you think he broke the vase by design or by chance?
(3)We have special programmes designed (design) for audience aged above 60.
(4)This series of books are designed to_help (help) children who are visually impaired.,易错提示：
prevent... (from) doing sth.和stop... (from) doing sth.用于主动语态时，from可以省略掉，用于被动语态时不能省略。但是keep... from doing sth.中的from在主被动语态中均不可以省略，因为keep... doing sth.的含义是“使……持续做某事”。
语境助记：
We should work together to create a harmonious society where everyone can live in harmony.
我们应该共同努力创建一个和谐社会，在这个和谐社会中，每个人都能和睦共处。
高考助记： [2019·全国卷Ⅲ]
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
对于西方设计师来说，中国和它璀璨的文化一直是西方创作者的灵感来源。
高考助记： [2019·全国卷Ⅰ]
While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.
虽然太阳射线会老化并伤害我们的皮肤，但它们也能为我们提供有益的维生素D。
漫画助记：
There are three generations in my family. 在我家有三代人。
联想拓展：
attraction中用于表“景点”
tourist attraction“旅游景点”为可数名词
When you come next month, I'll show you around our city and visit many tourist attractions.
下月你来的时候，我会带你参观我们这个城市的很多景点。,
5.harm v．危害，伤害 n．损害，伤害
(1)do harm to sb./sth.＝do sb./sth. harm 伤害某人/某物 mean no harm 并无恶意
do no/great/much/a lot of harm to 对……无害/有很大害
处/有很多害处
there is no harm in doing sth＝it does no harm to do sth 不妨做某事
(2)harmful adj. 有害的 (反)harmless 无害的
be harmful to 对……有害
①The court case will do serious harm to my business.＝The court case will do my business serious harm.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。
②Just forget it! I mean no harm to you.别在意！我对你并没有恶意。
③There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.＝It does no harm to give gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
给孩子礼物没有什么坏处，但是它们不应该是奖赏。
④Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.
空气污染会加剧，这会对人们造成伤害。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)As we all know, eating too much sugar can do harm to children's teeth.
(2)It's said that too much sunshine is harmful (harm) to one's skin.
(3)You can hold the snake —it's harmless (harm)．
6．generation n．一代人；代
(1)generation gap 代沟
(2)from generation to generation＝generation after generation 代代相传
(3)for generations 世世代代
(4)the rising/young generation 年轻一代
①Our understanding of education, work and society is different from that of the earlier generation.
我们对教育、工作和社会的认识和上一代人不同。
②How can teachers help to bridge the generation gap bet
ween parents and their teenage children?
教师怎样才能帮助消除父母与青少年子女之间的代沟呢？ ③Our family have been farmers for generations.我家祖祖辈辈都是农民。
[即学即练] 单句写作
(1)This tradition has been handed down from_generation_to_generation.
这个传统是一代一代传下来的。
(2)My family have lived in this house for_generations. 我们家世世代代都住在这栋房子里。 7．attract vt.吸引；引起……的兴趣
(1)attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sb./sth. 吸引某人对某人/某物感兴趣 (2)attraction n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物 (3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
①They tried to leave the hotel without attracting anyone's attention.
他们试图不引起任何人的注意离开酒店。
②What first attracted you to the study of physics？一开始是什么吸引你来研究物理的？
③The idea of travelling to the moon holds little attraction to me.
到月球去旅行这个主意对我没有多少吸引力。
④A career in law is becoming increasingly attractive to young people.
法律行业对年轻人的吸引力越来越大。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)Chengdu has the advantage in industries, universities and research institutes, which makes it attractive (attract) to top professionals.
(2)The Temple of Heaven is a popular tourist attraction (attract) in Beijing.
(3)What attracted me most to the job was the chance to travel.8.admire v．欣赏；钦佩；赞美
(1)admire sb. for (doing) sth. 因某事而羡慕/钦佩某人 (2)admiration n. 赞赏；钦佩；羡慕 with admiration 赞赏地；羡慕地 (3)admirable adj. 令人钦佩的
①We took time to stop and admire the view. 我们腾出时间驻足欣赏风景。 ②I really admire your enthusiasm. 我确实钦佩你的热情。
③Lewis was much admired for his work on medieval literature.
刘易斯因其对中世纪文学的研究而备受赞誉。
④People all look at the intelligent man with admiration because under no circumstances will he fail to cope with emergencies.
人们都钦佩地看着这个睿智的人，因为他在任何情形下都能应付紧急情况。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)We admire the old scientist for his great contribution to the country.
(2)We stopped halfway up the hill, admiring (admire) the view.
(3)I'd like to express my admiration (admire) for the courage and uncomplaining spirit of the wounded.
(4)Your courage to face the challenge is admirable (admire)． ►重点句型
(教材P62)Reaching as far as the eye can see, these terraces cover tall mountains, often from the bottom to the very top.
放眼望去，这些梯田布满了高山，往往从山脚一直延伸到山顶。
本句为现在分词在句中作伴随状语。,现在分词短语作伴随状语的特点是：它所表示的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语的动作而发生或存在的。一般将其置于句尾，可用逗号将其与句子主干
分开。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系。
①The students entered the classroom, smiling and talking. 学生们有说有笑地进了教室。
②Don't sit there doing nothing. Come and help me with this table.
不要在那里干坐着，过来帮我收拾餐桌。 ③He sat in the chair, reading a newspaper. 他坐在椅子上看报。
④Four people entered the room, looking around in a curious way.
四个人进入房间，好奇地环顾四周。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring (stare) at the night sky.
(2)The sun began to rise in the sky, bathing (bath) the mountain in golden light.
(3)That singer bowed deeply to the judges, showing (show) her sincere gratitude.
(4)Mum was busy in the kitchen, cooking (cook) dinner for the whole family.,易错辨析：
admirable高尚的，令人钦佩的 admiring赞赏的，羡慕的
联想拓展：
伴随状语中的动词与主句之间构成被动关系时，用过去分词。 The teacher enters the classroom, followed by his students. 老师走进教室，后面跟着他的学生们。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．My mother wrapped (包) a pack of delicate candy. 2．The ceremony marked the completion (完成) of the new hospital building. 3．The photographer used a camera with a flash and therefore (因此) the image was clear. 4．San Francisco is built on hills and some are very steep (陡峭的)． 5．These fish are found in shallow (浅的) waters around the coast. 6．Nothing would prevent (阻止) him from speaking out against injustice. 7．The number of people employed in agriculture (农业) has fallen in the last decade. 8．The professor measured the position of the basin and eventually designed (设计) the solution. 9．Experts in agriculture say chemical fertilizers enable crops to grow faster, but harm (伤害) the soil. 10．Imagine a society in which everyone lived together in perfect harmony (和谐). Ⅱ.短语填空 1．There are plenty_of opportunities for young people in big cities. 2．Butterflies feed_on a sweet liquid produced by flowers, which bees and other insects collect. 3．The small village is now covered_in bright moonlight. 4．Sichuan China is_home_to pandas and several other wild animals. 5．We must try to live in_harmony_with ourselves and those around us. in harmony with， be covered in， be home to， plenty of， feed on Ⅲ.单句写作 1．It is a region of vast agricultural resources, with farms of corn and grain stretching as_far_as_the_eye_can_see (极目所尽)． 2．The course in_designed_for (为……而设计) graduate students of Information Science. 3．I know you are a good student from the_way_you_answer (你回答……的方式) your teacher's questions. 4．By_tradition (按照传统风俗), children play tricks on 1 April. 5．People in this region have concentrated on agriculture for_generations (世世代代)． Ⅳ.短文填空 In this 1.region (地区) of China, people have devoted themselves to 2.agriculture (农业) for generations. They have passed on the tradition of several 3.dynasties (朝代) and built 4.terraces (梯田) on the 5.steep (陡峭的) mountains to grow 6.crops (庄稼) on 7.shallow (浅的) 8.soil (土壤). In winter, the mountains are covered in 9.sheets (层) of 10.frost (霜) and snow, and 11.therefore (因此) the terraces flash in the sunlight. To 12.prevent (防止) the loss of soil and water, they have 13.designed (设计) and built waterways around the terraces. It is significant to build such terraces. It 14.reflects (反映) the 15.harmony (和谐) between man and nature. The beauty here attracts a large number of tourists who admire it. Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas Ⅰ.核心单词 1．barrier n. 障碍物 2．structure n. 结构，构造 3．organism n. 生物，有机体 4．underwater adj. 水下的 5．basin n. 脸盆，盆地
6．grand adj. 宏伟的，壮观的 7．valley n. 山谷，谷 8．platform n. 高台，平台 9．waterfall n. 瀑布 10．channel n. 海峡 11．desert n. 沙漠，荒原 12．publish v. 出版 13．expert n. 专家 adj. 专家的 14．rent v. 租用 Ⅱ.拓展单词 1．located adj.位于……的→locate v．把……设置在→location n．位置 2．gardener n．园丁→garden n．花园，菜园→gardening n．园艺 3．beauty n．美；美人→beautify v．美化→beautiful adj.美丽的→beautifully adv.美妙地 4．limited adj.有限的→limit v．限制→limitless adj.无限的 5．improve v．改进，提升→improvement n．改善 Ⅲ.重点短语 1．spend_some_time_(in)_doing_sth. 花费时间做 2．nothing_better_than... 没有比……更好的了 3．lead_sb._to_doing 导致某人做…… 4．as_well_as 也，还 5．be_good_for 对……好 6．reflect_on 反思 Ⅳ.重点句型 1．Located_in_the_Coral_Sea,_the Great Barrier Reef is the biggest structure made by living organisms. 大堡礁坐落在珊瑚海，是由生物体组成的最大的结构。 2．The ... makes_it_difficult_for_us_to_have enough vegetables and fruit. ……使我们难以获得足够的蔬菜和水果。 3．And_while_many_Brits_like_nothing_better_than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world. 尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。
4．“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.” 在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。
►重点单词和短语
1．located adj.位于……的
(1)be located in/on/by ……位于…… (2)location n. 位置，场所
(3)locate v. 找出位置；将……设置在 locate sth. 定位某物
locate sth. in 把某物设置在……
①One of the world's largest art galleries, the Louvre, is also located in Paris.
世界上最大的美术馆之一——卢浮宫，也坐落于巴黎。 ②What is the exact location of the ship? 那条船的确切位置在哪里？
③Can you locate Berlin on the map? 你能在地图上找到伯林的位置吗？
④The company located its branch office in the suburbs. 这家公司在郊区设立了分公司。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子
(1)The three theatres are located (locate) in the centre of the town.
(2)His company is in a really good location (locate)． (3)Their new house is located by the river. 他们的新家位于河边。,
联想拓展：
表示“位于……”还有be situated in/on/by... lie in/on/by...等
高考助记：
[2018·全国卷Ⅰ阅读]
Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
一些语言专家认为，一万年前，当世界上只有500万到1 000万人时，他们之间可能说12 000种语言。
高考助记：
[2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五]Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.
医院里看到窗外树枝的病人很可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。
漫画助记：
You shouldn't drive beyond the limit on this road.
在这个路上你不能超速行驶。,2.expert adj.专家的 n．专家，行家
(1)be expert at/in (doing) sth. 在做某事方面在行 seek expert advice 征求专家意见
(2)an expert at/on/in 一个……方面的行家 a computer/medical expert 计算机/医学专家
①She is expert at making cheap but stylish clothes. 她擅长做便宜但时髦的服装。
②If you can't make it by yourself, you can seek expert advice.
如果你自己不能够做到的话，你可以寻求专家意见。 [即学即练] 单句写作
Mr. Green is a_medical_expert and he is_expert_at dealing with all kinds of patients.
格林先生是一个医学专家，他擅长应对各种病人。 3．branch n．树枝，分支；分部；支流
①He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches. 他爬上树，藏在树枝里面。
②The bank has branches in all large cities. 那家银行在所有的大城市中皆有分行。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The head office of the company is in Beijing, but it has branches (branch) all over the country.
(2)The bank has decided to open_a_branch_in Shanghai. 这家银行已经决定在上海开一个分行。 4．limited adj.有限的
(1)limited company 有限责任公司 (2)limit v. 限制，限定/n.限度，限制 limit ... to... 将……限制在……范围内 be limited to... 局限于
there is no limit to... 是无限的 (3)limitless adj. 无限的
①Shops have a very limited selection. 商店里的选择非常有限。
②There is no limit to knowledge. 学海无涯。
③The government has set strict limits on levels of pollution.
政府对污染程度作了严格的限制。
④His living expenses are limited to 200 yuan per month. 他的生活费被限制在每月200元。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)The limit on the foreign factories will be relaxed. (2)The article should be limited to 100 words.
(3)Because of the limited (limit) funds, the company was forced to lay off many workers.
(4)In order to save time, he limited his lecture to thirty minutes.
►重点句型
1．(教材P68)And while many Brits like nothing better than spending their Sunday cutting the grass, some are happy just to sit and enjoy the beauty of their small world.
尽管许多英国人最喜欢以除草的方式打发星期天，也有一些人只是坐下来欣赏他们美丽的小世界就心满意足了。
(1)while引导让步状语从句
while引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然；尽管”，一般用于句首。
While he has shortcomings, I still like him.尽管他有缺点，我还是喜欢他。
(2)“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义
否定词not, never, nothing, no等与形容词或副词的比较级连用时，表达最高级含义。
①The news couldn't have come at a better time.这消息来得再及时不过了。
②Mr Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been more popular.
布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他工厂里生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。
③She likes nothing better than a nice walk along the beach.
她最喜欢沿着海滩愉快地散步。 [即学即练] 单句语法填空
(1)While the global economy shows sign of recovery, many developing countries are still suffering.
(2)I have never heard a(n) more_interesting (interesting) story.
(3)There is nothing better (good) than living in the city. 2．(教材P69)“Where you tend a rose... A thistle cannot grow.”
“在你照顾玫瑰的地方……是长不出蓟来的。”
where引导地点状语从句
where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，在从句中作状语，where引导的地点状语从句可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后。
①Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
②Please put the picture where I can see it. 请把图片放在我能看见的地方。
[即学即练] 判断下列句子中where引导的从句类型。 (1)A tall building is put up at the place where there used to be a desert.定语从句
(2)Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.地点状语从句
(3)The doctor advised me to live where the air is fresher.地点状语从句,
易混辨析： where引导地点状语从句和引导定语从句的区别 从句 区别 where是从属连词，它引导的从句修饰主句的where引导地点状谓语动词，where前面没有表示地点的先行语从句 词。从句可放在句首。 where引导定语从where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其句 前有表示地点的先行词。从句不可放在句首。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．They are hoping to discover living (live) organisms in the soil. 2．We, along with the exchange students, have no language, and no cultural barriers (barrier)． 3．The earthquake caused minor structural (structure) damage. 4．The factory replaced most of its workers with robots. 5．The car narrowly (narrow) missed a cyclist. Ⅱ.短语填空 a number of， be located in， join... to...， differences between... and...， note down 1．The island is_joined_to the mainland by a bridge. 2．He noted_down what the teacher said in his notebook. 3．A_number_of questions came up at the meeting. 4．Are there any difference_between you and him? 5．Shandong is_located_in the east part of China. Ⅲ.短文填空 Yesterday, we paid a visit to the coral 1.reefs (礁) and 2.observed (观察) some sea creatures as well as the 3.structures (构造) of ocean 4.organisms (生物). We 5.sailed (乘船) across the 6.channel (海峡) and then went through the underwater 7.tunnel (隧道). It was a very exciting day. Next week we're going to see the 8.grand_canyon (大峡谷) located in the 9.basin (盆地), and the 10.waterfall (瀑布) located in the 11.valley (山
谷). The best way to do this is to get on the 12.platform (平台) of the 13.observatory (瞭望台) and watch. You will hear the 14.waterfall (瀑布) 15.thundering (发出轰鸣声) and see 16.camels (骆驼) walking in the 17.desert (沙漠) in the 18.distance (远处)． Ⅳ.语法填空 This is our classroom 1.whose windows face south, where there are fifty students in all, of 2.whom 23 are girls and the others are boys. One of the most hardworking boys is Mike, 3.whose parents are both doctors and who dreams of 4.being (be) a musician. One day something 5.unusual (usual) happened. He was absent but no one knew the reason 6.why he didn't come. At last, we went to the hospital 7.where his parents worked. His mother told us he was infected with a terrible disease, because of 8.which he would be kept away from school. Then his mother showed us to the room 9.where he was being treated. We told him everything 10.that happened in the school and wished he would recover soon.
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures Grammar——现在进行时表将来 [新知导引] 诵读下列例句并感知画线部分的共性 (1)My parents are taking (take) me to Yunnan province in China to visit Lijiang. (2)We are meeting (meet) at 10：00 a．m. at the bus stop near our school. (3)The young man is meeting his girlfriend this afternoon. [共性呈现] 三个例句都是用现在进行时态表示将来。 [语法精释] 一、现在进行时的基本用法
1．现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的尚未完成的动作或状态。
What are you doing now, Bob? 鲍勃，你在干什么？
Look！What are they watching? 看，他们正在看什么？
2．现在进行时表示目前这段时间正在进行的动作。 现在进行时可表示目前这段时间正在进行，但此时此刻未必正在进行的动作。
George is working on a new book about stories in schools.
乔治在写一本关于校园故事的新书。
3．现在进行时与always, constantly, all the time等副词(短语)连用时，可表反复性、一贯性动作，常用来表示赞扬、生气、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。
He is always asking for money. 他老是要钱。
She is constantly changing her mind. 她总是改变主意。
[即学即练1] 完成句子 (1)我们正在等你。
We are_waiting (wait) for you. (2)格林先生在写另一部小说。
Mr. Green is_writing (write) another novel. (3)他总是先想着别人。
He is always thinking (think) of others first. 二、现在进行时表示将来的用法
1．动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等的现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，常有“意图”“安排”或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感。它常表示最近或较近的将来会发生的动作。
They are coming here this afternoon. 他们今天下午来这儿。 When are you leaving? 你们什么时候动身？
2．除上述动词外，还有一些动词也可用现在进行时表示将来。
I'm meeting you after class. 下课后我要见你。
3．偶尔也表示较远的将来。
When I grow up, I'm joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
4．现在进行时也可用在时间、条件或原因状语从句中表示将来。
If they are not going, I won't go, either. 如果他们不去，我也不去。 [即学即练2] 完成句子 (1)我明天要动身去北京。
I am_leaving_for Beijing tomorrow. (2)他什么时候到车站？
When is_he_getting_to/arriving_at the station? (3)下星期天你打算干什么？
What are_you_doing next Sunday? (4)我妈妈不久将给我买辆自行车。 My mother is_buying me a bike soon. 三、其他几种表示将来的结构
1．will/shall do表示单纯将来，可用于说话时才想到或决定的事。
Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天了。
2．be going to do用来表示近期或事先考虑要发生的事情以及有迹象表明将要发生的事。
The storm seems to be coming quickly. 看起来暴风雨很快就要来了。
3．be to do表示预定、按计划或安排将要发生的动作。 They are to get married next month. 他们下个月就要结婚了。 4．be about to do意为“刚要，正要”，表示非常近的将来。 be about to do不能和表示将来时间的副词连用。 She was about to leave when some guests came. 她刚要离开，这时来了一些客人。
5．一般现在时也可以表示将来。通常用于状语从句中或按规定(时刻表、计划表、日程表等)将要发生的动作。
The next plane leaves at 6：00 p．m.
下一趟航班晚上6点起飞。 [名师点津] 其中有一些动词一般不用于进行时。 (1)表示人的心理状态、情感的动词want, mind, wish, recognize, know, understand, hate, fear等。 (2)表存在或位置的词：remain, stand等。 (3)表示知觉的动词：see, hear, notice, smell等。 (4)表示所属的词或短语：have, possess, own, consist of，belong to等。 (5)表示暂时性的动词：accept, allow, decide, promise等。 [即学即练3] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1)She will_come (come) back next week. (2)The wedding is to_take (take) place next Sunday. (3)He as well as his parents is_going (go) to attend a party to be held this weekend. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The telephone is_ringing (ring). Would you answer it, please? 2．He is always doing (do)things for others, so everyone has high praise for him. 3．He is_writing (write) a book about his experiences in Africa these days. 4．How many of you are_coming (come)to the party tonight? 5．I am_taking (take) my daughter to Central Park this Saturday. 6．The match is_starting/starts (start) at 3：30 p．m. 7．We are_moving (move) to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 8．—I'm going to Singapore next week. —How long are you staying (stay) there? 9．The train is_arriving (arrive) in three hours. 10．It's half past one now. They are_waiting (wait) for a taxi outside the school gate. Ⅱ.语法与写作
1．他两小时后将赴伦敦和经理会面。(leave) He is_leaving_for London in two hours to meet with his manager. 2．下课后我们打算在操场踢足球。(play) After class, we are_playing/going_to_play football on the playground. 3．下周五我们将乘飞机去上海出席一个重要的会议。(fly) We are_flying to Shanghai next Friday to attend an important meeting. 4．他明天上午到。(arrive) He is_arriving tomorrow morning. 5．因为有重要的事情要处理，客人今晚坐火车走。(leave) The guest is_leaving by train tonight because he has an important thing to deal with. 6．今晚我不出去，我待在家里。(stay) I'm not going out tonight. I am_staying at home. 7．天气预报说明天天气暖和。(be) The weather forecast says that it_is_going_to_be_warm tomorrow. 8．门卫正要去睡觉，这时有人敲门。(about) The gate guide was_about_to go to bed when someone knocked at the door. 9．据预测，第二年的增长率只有1%。(forecast) Next year's growth rate is_forecast at just 1%. 10．不管他多忙，他总是乐意帮助别人。 No matter how busy_he_is,_he is ready to help others.
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