48个国际音标表长元音 [i:] 12个单元音 元 音 8个双元音 清辅[p] 10音 [t] [k] [f] [s] [ɑ:] [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] 短元音 [i] [ə] [ɒ] [u] [æ] [e] [Λ] [ai] [ei] [ɔi] [iə] [ɛə] [əu] [uə] [au] [θ] [ ∫ ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] 对 浊辅辅 [b] 音 [d] [g] [v] [z] [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] 音 3个鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] 3个似拼音 [h] [r] [l] 2个半元[w] [j] 音 1 / 7 音标 音标 [i:] 字母 字母 e ea ee ey i ie er ir or ur ear a al au aw or oar oor our ore o 例词 例词 evening,be,she,these,we eat,clean,ice cream,please,teacher see,three,thirteen key policeman believe,piece her, bird,girl,sir,shirt,skirt,thirty word,work,worker nurse,purple,turn,urgent earth,early,earn, water, all,wall,ball,talk August draw,awful,law, or,horse,short boart,board, door,floor, your,four,course,court more,bore, improve,lose ruler, shoe, blue, soon,room,pool，school fruit,juice you two class,father,dance,afternoon car,dark,farm,start,arm,market heart, live,dinner,listen,picture family,lovely,many orange actor,doctor,forget, together,dinner,faster,better,water,eraser,brother,worker suppose, alone,America,about,allow, open shop,bottle,dog,hot, small,want put,pull,push, cook,look,good,cool,foot 2 / 7 [ə:] [ɔ:] [u:] u oe ue oo ui ou wo [ɑ:] a ar ear i y a or er u a e [i] [ə] [ɒ] [u] o a u oo ou o could,would,should woman 音标 音标 字母 字母 a e ea a o u oo ou i y ey 例词 例词 bad,that,practice,relax,happy,family,stand,apple,fact,matter animal better,remember,never,best,when,together,every,question weather,pleasant, anyway,many money,love,mother,some,nothing,color number,lucky,club,fun, flood,blood enough,trouble,young ice,China,find,like,nine,white,idea,climb my,shy,try,fly, eye pie,die, guide buy high,light,night height amazing,age,game,table,make,paper afraid,train,wait way,today great pay,okay,play,say, eight, grey, eight,neighbour point,join,coin,noise toy,boy,enjoy,employ, ear,hear,year,clear, deer,beer, here, idea hair,pair,air,stairs,chair,fair share,parents,prepare,square, wear,bear, their there,where hope,open,also,zero,only,old,home goal,road,float, soul know,yellow,show,snow 3 / 7 [æ] [e] [Λ] [ai] ie ui uy igh eigh a ai ay ea ay ei ey eigh [ei] [ɔi] oi oy ear eer ere ea air are ear eir ere [iə] [ɛə] [əu] o oa ou ow 音标 字母 oor our ure ou ow p t k c ch ck f ph fe s ss c se th sh ch ci si ti [uə] [au] [p] [t] [k] poor, tour, sure,pure,cure about,proud,found,house,hour,out,dout how,cow,now,allow,flower polite,keep,help,picture,poor talk,tomato,treat,pretty,little,quiet kite,book,take,basketball,kidding, cry,clock,cat,clever,clean school black,clock,sock flight,free,chief,fresh,fly,follow,floor photo,phone life,knife, snake,spoon,soup, miss,class,success dance,nice,piece,face,juice,twice,cinema tense,please,sense, think,thank,heathy,birthday,breath,nothing,truth,math shoot,shock,shirt,fish,rubbish,wish,English machine, social, tension, mention,ambition, chair,church,rich,beach,change try,treat,treasure,trouble,true,trade hits,puts,nuts,facts,attracts,accounts 例词 [f] [s] [θ] [ ∫ ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [b] [d] [g] [v] ch tr ts b d g v bird,black,book,job, desk,dear,deep,read grass,glove,glass,dog,plug，forget,egg very,various,vegetable,volleyball 4 / 7 音标 字母 z z ss se s [z] zero,zone,zoo,crazy business because,exercise,those present,photos 例词 [ð] [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] [m] [n] [ŋ] [h] [r] [l] [w] [j] th s j g dr ds des m n kn n ng h wh r rr wr l w wh y with,this,weather,gather,father,bother,another usually,pleasure,decision,measure jeep,juice,July,jewelry age,orange,,engineer draw,drive,draft,drug,drink hands,words,minds,reads besides, matter,mother,math,massage,mind,impossible nice,question,lion knife,know English, ring, happy,handsome,holiday,hope,hurt who,whose ruler,break,respect,problem,wrong,battery, carry,hurry,sorry write,wrong lunch,large,lead,laugh,popular, wet,web,watch,window white,why, yesterday,yellow,lawyer 5 / 7 一、英语名词复数变化及发音规则1、 一般在词尾加－s. 一般来说，s在元音或浊辅音后读[z}，在清辅音后面读成[s]，在[t]后与[t]在一起读成[ts]，在[d]后与[d]一起读成[dz]。 cups 杯子 days 日子 hands 手 hats 帽子 日子 帽子 2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加－es，读[iz] classes 班级 buses 公共汽车 boxes 盒子 watches 手表 公共汽车 手表 3、以“元音字母＋y”结尾的词，加－s，读作[z]；以辅音字母＋y结尾的词，变y为i，再加－es，读[iz] boy-boys 男孩 toy-toys 玩具 story-stories 故事 factory-factories 工厂 baby-babies 宝贝 宝贝 4、以o结尾的词，多数加－s，读[z] kilo-kilos 公里 photo-photos 照片 piano-pianos 钢琴 照片 钢琴 1）以元音字母＋o结尾的词一律加－s，读[z]。 zoo-zoos 动物园 radio-radios 收音机 收音机 2）少数以o结尾的词，在词尾加-es，读[z]。 tomato-tomatoes 西红柿 hero-heroes 英雄 potato-potatoes 土豆 英雄 土豆 5、以f或fe结尾的词，多数把f,fe变为v，再加－es，读[s] leaf-leaves wife-wives 树叶 thief-thieves 小偷 妻子 knife-knives 小刀 shelf-shelves 架子 架子 6、不规则名词的复数形式 (1)通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。 通过变化单词内部元音字母，构成复杂形式。 man-men 男子 woman-women 女人 foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 mouse-mice 老鼠 child-children 小孩 老鼠 (2)单数形式与复数形式相同 sheep-sheep 绵羊 deer-deer 鹿 Chinese-Chinese 中国人 Japanese-Japanese 日本人 日本人 6 / 7 二、动词第三人称单数的变化及发音规则 动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。 观察。 1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为 [z] ①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s] ②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z] 2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变fly－flies [z]； carry－carries [z] study－studies [z]; worry－worries 3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz] 4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] go－goes [z] do－does [z] 5、下面几个动词变为单数时，原词的元音意记忆 1、do [du:]－does [dz] 2、say [sei]－says [sez] 6、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如发音， 与所加“s” 一起读做[iz] close－closes [iz] 7、对比词形变化中原词词尾变化之异同：母现象 ①baby－babies ②carry－carries ③study－studies 7 / 7 “i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 音为[iz] 分的发音发生了较大的尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后 变“y”为“”现象 双写最化，请注母“e”辅音字为 发部变果字 后