2021-2022学年江苏省常州市六校联考高一（上）期中
英语试卷
A
Overweight since her teens,Carol Jackson lost 35 pounds in her late teens but put it all back on and then some when she had her son.She said it was because of a sweet tooth and portion size. \"I could eat a pint of ice cream and not even think about it,\" the married mother of four added.
She knew she had to do something,but the death of her best friend from complications（并发症）related to bariatric surgery（减肥手术）caused her to stay away from the help she needed. \"It took me five years to realize I can't live life like this,\" Jackson said,finally deciding to have bariatric bypass surgery in 2012. \"My kids love the new me,\" Jackson said. \"And,my youngest,who is 8 and a little overweight,has been encouraged by me.We walk the track when it is warm as a family outing.\" She adds,\"I knew I had to do something about my health because I had to be around for them and watch them grow and experience life.\"
After a lifetime of junk food,sweets and out-of-control portions,Jackson had to learn a new way of eating.Now,she starts the day with a breakfast of hard-boiled eggs for the protein.Lunch is usually a salad and dinner is a protein shake（蛋白质奶昔）.She walks two to three miles at least a few times a week,does Zumba twice a week and rides her bike for a half-hour three times a week.
\"I wish I'd been more concerned about my weight when I was younger.I wish it hadn't gotten to this point.But,I'd do the surgery again in a heartbeat.My life is so much better now,\" Jackson said.
1. In which column will you read the text？ ______
A. Education. B. Sports. C. Health. D. Culture.
2. What made Jackson avoid bariatric surgery at first？ ______
A. The warm out as a family. B. The good taste of ice cream.
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C. Her kids' deep love for her. D. Her best friend's passing away.
3. Which of the following is one way for Jackson's dropping pounds？ ______
A. Taking more exercise with a coach. B. Changing previous eating habits. C. Receiving several operations. D. Riding a bike to work every day.
B
Standing on the edge of the plane,my tandem skydiving（双人跳伞）instructor,Bill,asked \"Do you have any last words？\" \"Yes,\" I said,joking. \"I hope my parachute opens.\" I'd never felt more alive as Bill and I stepped out and started our freefall.Those first few seconds were amazing.As we reached 4，000 feet,I felt a parachute open above us.This,I was told,would slow us down for a smooth descent（下降）.So why were we still traveling so fast？I looked up：The parachute was flopping unopened in the wind.I started to freak out.I could hear Bill swearing as he tried to fix whatever had gone wrong.Seconds passed,which felt like forever,until finally our emergency parachute opened.Except it got caught in the first one,making both parachutes useless.I asked Bill,\"Are we going to die？\" He said he didn't know.At that moment,I just felt guilty.I'd brought my family along for the day.I'd invited them along to watch me die.
We hit the ground.I was immediately breathless,and an unimaginable pain shot up my back as we bounced into a lake on a golf course（高尔夫球场）.Gathering all my strength,I turned to face Bill.He started screaming.We were found by some golfers.My mother and sister cried uncontrollably as Bill was put into a helicopter,and I was placed into an ambulance.The next four or five months were intense.I had broken my back.After being discharged（出院）from the hospital,I locked myself in my bedroom and took painkillers.I became terrified of the outside world.
After years of therapy（治疗）and hard work,the deep physical and mental pain is healing.I heard that Bill made a full recovery and returned to skydiving.I was always terrified of being myself and doing the things I wanted.Now I've learned that I need to be
fearless.There's nothing like falling from 15，000 feet without a parachute and surviving to force you to make the most of every day.
4. How did the author feel before skydiving？ ______
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A. Worried. B. Excited. C. Terrified. D. Guilty.
5. What happened during the tandem skydiving？ ______
A. Bill didn't open the parachute in time. B. The author stayed calm the whole time. C. Something went wrong with the parachutes. D. The author couldn't breathe during the freefall.
6. How did the accident influence the author？ ______
A. He had constant pain in his head. B. He became crazy about extreme sports. C. He developed a serious mental problem. D. He became more confident in himself.
7. What did the author eventually realize？ ______
A. Safety first. C. Cooperation matters.
B. Fear can lead to failure. D. Seize and cherish every day.
C
In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it.Organizers expected perhaps 50，000 people to show up.Instead,as many as 800，000 crowded the roads to the bridge.By the time 250，000 were on the bridge,engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.Worse,it was beginning to sway（晃动）.The authorities closed access to the bridge and tens of thousands of people made their way back to land.A disaster was avoided. The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure,a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌） to its breakdowns.Its
author,Dr.Henry Petroski,has long been writing about disasters.In this book,he includes the loss of the space shuttles（航天飞机） Challenger and Columbia,and the sinking of the Titanic.
Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong,in this book Dr.Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur.Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied.Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again,with seemingly
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harmless improvements,until,suddenly,it does not work at all anymore.
Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before,but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.
\"Success is success but that is all that it is,\" Dr.Petroski writes.It is failure that brings improvement.
8. What happened to the Golden Gate Bridge on its 50th birthday？ ______
A. It carried more weight than it could. B. It swayed violently in a strong wind. C. Its roadway was damaged by vehicles. D. Its access was blocked by many people.
9. Which of the following is Dr.Petroski's idea according to paragraph 3？ ______
A. No design is well received everywhere. B. Construction is more important than design. C. Not all disasters are caused by engineering design. D. Improvements on engineering works are necessary.
10. What does the last paragraph suggest？ ______
A. Failure can lead to progress. B. Success results in overconfidence. C. Failure should be avoided. D. Success comes from joint efforts.
11. What is the text？ ______
A. A news report. C. A book review.
B. A short story. D. A research article.
D
A group of scientists in labs spread across Europe,the U.S.and Nepal have been working on Qomolangma \"remotely\".The project's goal is to turn the world's highest mountain into a huge climate laboratory.
During April and May last year,a team of more than 30
biologists,glaciologists,geologists,meteorologists,and geographers fanned out across Qomolangma's southern side,conducting fieldwork high on the mountain. \"We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of
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science,\" says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine,the leader of the effort. Each individual study promises a unique picture of the mountain's
climate—past,present,and future.Ice cores will allow scientists to go back in
time—tens,hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment.Snow and water samples give a look at what's happening on the mountain,today,including the future of the glaciers.The team also fixed a network of automated weather stations,which will document upcoming weather trends for years to come.
One of the hardest tasks fell to Mayewski's colleague Mariusz Potoeki,who hoped to drill ice cores at several places on the mountain,including the South Col（25，938 feet） and the top of Qomolangma（29，035 feet）.The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries,and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine's laboratory for analysis.
Potocki abandoned his summit attempt due to the crowds of normal climbers.To his relief,Potocki succeeded in taking the highest ice core ever recovered,at just above Camp Four—26，312 feet above sea level. \"The ice doesn't lie.\" Mayewski says. \"The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn't been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.\"
12. Which way does Paul Mayewski suggest to fully study Qomolangma？ ______
A. Working on it remotely in labs. B. Teaming up with more countries. C. Doing many kinds of science. D. Turning it into a real lab.
13. Why does the team analyze ice cores？ ______
A. To document upcoming weather change. B. To get a unique picture of climate trends. C. To know more about the past environment. D. To predict the future of the mountain.
14. What difficulty did Mariusz Potocki face？ ______
A. Improving the special drill system. B. Drilling the oldest ice cores at some places.
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C. Conducting fieldwork above Camp Four. D. Delivering frozen ice cores to the lab.
15. What can we infer from the last paragraph？ ______
A. Potocki got ice cores at 29，035 feet. B. Human activity has affected Qomolangma. C. Ice cores can serve as a warning for us. D. Normal climbers helped with Potocki's work.
You may have grown up living with lots of sisters and brothers,or this may be your first time sharing your living space with someone else. (1) Follow these tips to make sure you and your roommate keep things pleasant and supportive throughout the year （or even years）!
Be clear about your expectations from the beginning.Do you know in advance that you hate it when someone hits the snooze button（贪睡闹铃）fifteen times every morning？That you're a neat freak（怪人）？That you need ten minutes to yourself before talking to anyone after you wake up？ (2) It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away,and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to avoid problems before they become problems.
Address（解决）problems when they're little.Is your roommate always forgetting her things for the shower,and taking yours？ (3) Addressing things that annoy you while they're still little can help your roommate be aware of something she may not otherwise know.And addressing little things is much easier than addressing them after they've become big.
(4) This may seem simple,but it's probably one of the biggest reasons why roommates experience conflict.Don't think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game？For all you know,you just stepped over an uncrossable line.Don't borrow,use,or take anything without being allowed first.
Be mindful of who you bring into your room and how often. (5) But your roommate may not.Be mindful of how often you bring people over.If your roommate studies best in the quiet,and you study best in a group,can you alternate who hits the library and who gets the room？
A.Having a roommate can be both a challenge and a great part of your college experience.
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B.Respect all the things that belong to your roommate.
C.Expect to learn,grow and change during the time in the college. D.You may love having your study group into your room.
E.Let your roommate know as soon as you can about your little preferences（喜好）. F.Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them？ G.Be open to new ideas and experiences. 16. A. A
E
B. B
C. C
D. D
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F. F
G. G
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B. B
C. C
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B. B
C. C
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F. F
G. G
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F. F G. G
There is never a need to respond to anything that doesn't make you feel good.One day I got in a taxi and we(21)for the airport.We were driving in the right lane when suddenly a black car(22)out of a parking space right in front of us.My taxi driver stamped on the brake hard.Our car skidded（打滑），and(23)the black car by just inches!
Surprisingly,the driver of the black car(24)his head out and started yelling at us.My taxi driver just(25)and waved at the guy.And I thought he was really friendly.So I asked,\"Why ？This guy almost ruined your car and sent us to the(26)!\"
That was when my taxi driver taught me(27)I now call \"the Law of the Garbage Truck \".He(28) to me that many people are like garbage trucks.They run around full of(29)（frustration ，anger,and disappointment,etc）.As their garbage(30)up,they need a place to dump（倾倒） it and sometimes they'll dump it on you.
When you meet similar situations,just smile,wave,wish them well,and move on.The bottom line is that(31)people do not let garbage trucks(32)their day.Life is too short to wake up in the morning with(33)，so we should love the people who are(34)to us and pray for the ones who aren't.Life is ten percent what you(35)it and ninety percent how you take it.
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21. A. searched 22. A. pulled 23. A. struck 24. A. raised 25. A. apologized 26. A. airport 27. A. what 28. A. complained 29. A. goods 30. A. piles 31. A. wise 32. A. take over 33. A. expectations 34. A. deadly 35. A. claim
B. watched B. kept B. missed B. struck B. panicked B. hospital B. which B. explained B. luggage B. mixes B. strange B. make out B. puzzles B. frightened B. make
C. called C. jumped C. hid C. shook C. hesitated C. garage C. why C. swore C. rubbish C. picks C. merciful C. sort out C. amazement C. friendly C. enjoy
D. headed D. broke D. swapped D. reached D. smiled D. police office D. that D. promised D. intention D. turns D. generous D. go over D. regret D. angry D. share
36. Nowadays,more and more parents pay great attention to their children.However,we find (1) common that parents and children lack（缺乏）communication. More than one reason contributes (2) the problem.
To begin with,the reason why parents spend (3) （little） time with students is that the heavier social pressure often makes children (4) （ignore）by their parents.The second,although parents want to talk with their children,some of them don't know much about the skills of communication or the necessary knowledge of education,which will be (5) （effect） on communication.However,the most important reason (6) can be found may be the traditional ideas of authority（权威）most parents have.Thus,when (7) （face） the children,parents are not (8) （like）to communicate with them as friends.
To sum up,the solution (9) （concern） the problem is to diminish（减少）the gap between parents and children.Therefore,in order to make a better atmosphere (10) the children grow up,the parents should ensure the stability（稳定） of the family and act as good friends to the children. (1) (2) (3)
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(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
37. 我的朋友在社交媒体上发消息说她感冒了，这使得她可能无法去电影院了。
My friend posted a message on the social media ______ she had a cold,which made it unable for her to ______ to the cinema.
38. 更多时候，亲密的友谊将有助于铺平我们注定要走的崎岖道路。
More often than not,close friendship will help ______the rocky road we ______ travel. 39. 那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的人正在打一场无望取胜的仗，因为他们未能
达到那些标准。
Those ______ try to copy the look of their favourite stars are fighting a losing battle,because they fail ______ these standards.
40. 在一个把瘦看作是美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极端的方法来快速减肥。
In a society where being thin is seen as being beautiful,teenagers sometimes ______ methods to slim down quickly.
41. 这种所谓的\"速效法\"被证明对青少年有害。
The so-called 'quick-fix' method ______ to teenagers.
42. 假定你是李华，笔友Tom 对于高中生活感到焦虑，写信询问你如何适应高中的生
活。请根据以下内容，给Tom提出建议。 1.合理安排学习时间； 2.保持良好的生活习惯。 注意：1.词数：80 词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Tom, ___________ Yours, Li Hua
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答案和解析
1.【答案】
【小题1】C 【小题2】D 【小题3】B
【解析】（1）C.文章出处题。本文讲了Carol Jackson 减肥的故事。尤其是填为了自己和家人的健康抛弃垃圾食品，进行各种体育锻炼，所以本文最有可能来自健康专栏，A.Education教育；B.Sports运动；C.Health健康；D.Culture文化。故选C。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据第二段句子 the death of her best friend from complications（并发症）related to bariatric surgery（减肥手术）
caused her to stay away from the help she needed她最好的朋友死于与减肥手术相关的并发症，导致她远离所需的帮助。可见这件事让她回避了手术，故选D。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据第三段Jackson had to learn a new way of eating.杰克逊不得不学习一种新的饮食方式。可见Jackson不得不学习一种新的饮食习惯，故选B。 本文讲了Carol Jackson 减肥的故事。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。
4.【答案】
【小题1】B 【小题2】C 【小题3】C 【小题4】D
【解析】（1）B.观点态度题。根据第二段的\"I'd never felt more alive as Bill and I stepped out and started our frefall. （当比尔和我走出来开始自由落体时，我感到前所未有的活力。）\"可知，作者在跳伞前感到兴奋，A.Worried担心的；B.Excited兴奋的；C.Terrified害怕的；D.Guilty有罪的。故选B。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第二段的\"The parachute was flopping unopened in the wind.I started to freak out.I could hear Bill swearing as he tried to fix whatever had gone
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wrong.Seconds passed,which felt like forever,until fnally our emergency parachute
opened.Except it got caught in the first one,making both parachutes useless. （降落伞没打开就在风中扑腾着。我开始抓狂。我能听到比尔咒骂着，因为他试着去修复出了什么问题。几秒钟过去了，感觉就像永远一样，直到我们的紧急降落伞终于打开。但它被第一个卡住了，两个降落伞都没用了。）\"可知，在双人跳伞的时候降落伞出了问题。故选C。 （3）C.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的\"I became trified of the outside world. （我开始害怕外面的世界。）\"可知，作者在事故后害怕外面的世界，因此是他患上了严重的心理问题。故选C。
（4）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段的\"There's nothing like flling from 15，000 feet without a parachute and surviving to force you to make the most of every day. （没有降落伞的情况下从15000英尺的高空坠落且幸存下来迫使你充分利用每一天。）\"可知，作者最终意识到要抓住并珍惜每一天。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者和朋友-起去跳伞，但是降落伞出问题了，作者和朋友掉进了一个高尔夫球场的湖中，受了很严重的伤，康复后作者意识到幸存下来迫使你充分利用每一天。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
8.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】C 【小题3】A 【小题4】C
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据文章第一段\"In May 1987 the Golden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party.The bridge was closed to motor traffic so people could enjoy a walk across it.Organizers expected perhaps 50，000 people to show up.Instead,as many as 800，000 crowded the roads to the bridge.By the time 250，000 were on the bridge,engineers noticed something terrible：the roadway was flattening under what turned out to be the heaviest load it had ever been asked to carry.Worse,it was beginning to sway\"可以看出，1987年5月，金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。这座桥禁止机动车通行，人们可以在桥上散步。组织者预计将有5万人到场。相反，多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。当25万人在桥上时，工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象：路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。更糟的是，它开始晃动。因此可以看出，金门大桥50岁生日那天，它的重量超过了它
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的承受能力。故选A。
（2）C.推理判断题。根据文章第三段\"Though he acknowledges that engineering works can fail because the person who thought them up or engineered them simply got things wrong,in this book Dr.Petroski widens his view to consider the larger context in which such failures occur.Sometimes devices fail because a good design is constructed with low quality materials incompetently applied.Or perhaps a design works so well it is adopted elsewhere again and again,with seemingly harmless improvements,until,suddenly,it does not work at all anymore.\"可知，虽然他承认工程设计可能会因为那些想出或设计它们的人只是把事情弄错了失败，但在这本书中，彼得罗斯基博士拓宽了他的视野，考虑了这种失败发生的更大背景。有时，由于一个好的设计是用不合格的低质量材料建造的，所以装置会失败。或者，一个设计工作得如此好，以至于在其他地方一次又一次地被采用，用似乎是无害的改进，直到突然间，它完全不起作用了。因此可以推测出，根据第三段，不是所有的灾难都是由工程设计引起的是彼得罗斯基博士的想法。故选C。
（3）A.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 \"It is failure that brings improvement.\"失败才能带来进步。因此可以看出，A项与此相呼应，即失败能带来进步，故选A。 （4）C.推理判断题。根据文章第二段\"The story is one of scores in To Forgive Design：Understanding Failure,a book that is at once a love letter to engineering and a paean（赞歌）to its breakdowns.\"可知，这个故事是《原谅设计：理解失败》一书中的一个，这本书既是对工程的一封情书，也是对其崩溃的赞歌。并且后面两段都在写这本书里的内容以及评价，再根据倒数第二段的\"Readers will encounter not only stories they have heard before,but some new stories and a moving discussion of the responsibility of the engineer to the public and the ways young engineers can be helped to grasp them.\"可知，读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事，还会遇到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众的责任以及如何帮助年轻工程师掌握它们的动人讨论。再结合最后一段\"It is failure that brings improvement.\"可知，失败才能带来进步。因此可以推测出，这些内容都是关于这本书的评论，因为这篇文章是书评。A.A news report.一则新闻报道；B.A short story.一个小故事；C.A book review.书评；D.A research article.一篇研究文章。故选C。
这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计：理解失败》的评论，工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败，但失败才能带来进步。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作
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者观点。
12.【答案】
【小题1】C 【小题2】C 【小题3】D 【小题4】B
【解析】（1）C.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句 \"We believe the best way to get a full scientific picture of Qomolangma is not just to do one kind of science,\" says Paul Mayewski of the University of Maine,the leader of the effort.缅因州大学的 Paul Mayewski 是这项工作的负责人，他说：\"我们相信，要想全面了解珠穆朗玛峰，最好的方法不是只做一种科学。\"因此可知 Paul Mayewski 建议做多种科学研究来全面研究珠穆朗玛峰。故选C。 （2）C.细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句 Ice cores （冰核） will allow scientists to go back in time — tens,hundreds and perhaps thousands of years to learn about the environment.冰核将使科学家们能够回到过去--几十年、几百年甚至几千年来了解环境。因此可知团队要分析冰核是为了了解更多过去的环境。故选C。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据文章第四段全段 One of the hardest tasks fell to Mayewski's colleague Mariusz Potoeki,who hoped to drill ice cores at several places on the
mountain,including the South Col （25，938 feet） and the top of Qomolangma （29，035 feet）.The job required a specially designed drill system powered by batteries,and an excellent team to figure out how to prevent the cores from becoming liquid during their long journey back to the University of Maine's laboratory for analysis.其中最艰巨的任务落在了 Mayewski 的同事 Mariusz Potoeki 的身上，他希望在珠峰的几个地方钻取冰核，包括 South Col（25938英尺）和珠穆朗玛峰顶部（29035英尺）。这项工作需要一个特别设计的由电池供电的钻孔系统，以及一个优秀的团队来解决如何防止岩芯在返回缅因州大学实验室进行分析的漫长旅程中变成液体的问题。因此可知 Mariusz Potocki 遇到的困难是把冰冻的冰核送到实验室。故选D。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段最后一句 \"The very idea that the highest part of the planet hasn't been spared from human activity ought to be a real wake-up call for everybody.\" \"地球上海拔最高的地区并未幸免于人类活动的影响，这一想法应该给所有人敲响警钟。\"因此可知人类活动已经影响了珠穆朗玛峰。故选B。
这是一篇说明文。一些科学家在欧洲、美国和尼泊尔的实验室里远程研究珠穆朗玛峰，文章介绍了他们研究珠穆朗玛峰的方式以及面临的困难。
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阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16.【答案】
【小题1】A 【小题2】E 【小题3】B 【小题4】F 【小题5】D
【解析】（1）A．推理判断题。根据下文it can also be a great part of your college experience\"这也是你大学生活的一个重要部分。中可以看出，不过，这也可能成为你大学体验中一个很好的部分．也就是前面应该是与这段意思相反的句子。所以A选项：
Having a roommate can be both a challenge and a great part of your college experience.有一个室友既是一个挑战，也是你大学经历的一个重要部分。符合语境，故选A。 （2）E．推理判断题。根据下文It's not fair to expect him or her to pick up on them right away,and communicating what you need is one of the best ways to get rid of problems before they become problems.\"期望他（她）立即了解他们是不公平的，在问题变成问题之前，沟通你所需要的是解决问题的最好方法之一。可以看出，马上就指责他们是不公平的，而沟通则是最好的消除问题的方式，因此应该首先告诉他们你的喜好。所以E选项：Let your roommate know as soon as you can about your little preferences（喜好）.尽快让你的室友知道你的小偏好。符合语境，故选E。
（3）B．概括分析题。从第五段Don't you think he'll mind if you borrow his shoes for a quick soccer game 中主要是讲室友之间的冲突大多是因为有没有尊重室友，比如你想要借室友的鞋去踢球，但首先你得先征求室友的同意，如果没有，那么就不要拿别人的东西。所以B选项：
Respect all the things that belong to your roommate.尊重所有属于你室友的东西。符合语境，故选B。
（4）F.推理判断题。根据后文Don't borrow,use,or take anything without being allowed first.未经允许，不得借用、使用或拿走任何东西。和F选项：
Are your clothes being borrowed faster than you can wash them？你的衣服借得比洗得快吗？
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符合语境，故选F。
（5）D.推理判断题。根据前文Be mindful of who you bring into your room and how often.注意你带谁进房间以及多久一次。和后文
Be mindful of how often you bring people over.If your roommate studies best in the quiet,and you study best in a group,can you alternate who hits the library and who gets the room？要注意你带人过来的频率。如果你的室友在安静的环境中学习最好，而你在一个小组中学习最好，你能轮流谁去图书馆，谁去房间吗？和后文所以D选项：You may love having your study group into your room.你可能喜欢让你的学习小组进入你的房间。符合语境，故选D。
本文主要讲述跟室友相处应该注意的几件事，因为大学时期拥有室友和与室友相处是大部分人都会经历的一件事，不管愿意还是不愿意，我们都应该抱有一个良好的态度去对待大学的寝室生活，与室友友好相处。
\"七选五\"这样的题型，主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1．理清文章的逻辑和结构，2．在所给的原文中找出关键词或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项，关键词则能帮助你确定更多的细节，排除相近的选项。得出正确的答案。
21.【答案】
【小题1】D 【小题2】A 【小题3】B 【小题4】D 【小题5】D 【小题6】B 【小题7】A 【小题8】B 【小题9】C 【小题10】A 【小题11】A 【小题12】A 【小题13】D 【小题14】C 【小题15】B
【解析】（1）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.searched搜查；B.watched观察；C.called要求，打电话；D.headed前往。句意：一天，我上了一辆出租车，我们前往机场。根据空前的I got in a taxi和空后的 airport可知，作者坐出租车是\"前往\"机场，head for\"前往\"。故选D。
（2）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.pulled推；B.kept保持；C.jumped跳；D.broke打破。句意：我们正行驶在正确的车道上，突然一辆黑色轿车从我们正前方的停车位上开了出来。根据空后的\" out of a parking space right in front of us\"可知，此处是指一辆黑色小汽车突然从停车场开出来。pull out意为\"驶出\"。故选A。
（3）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.struck击，打；B.missed错过；C.hid隐藏；D.swapped
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互换。句意：我们的车打滑了，差几英寸就撞上了那辆黑色的车！根据上文中的\"We were driving in the right lane when suddenly a black car（2）out of a parking space right in front of us.\"可知，由于一辆黑色小汽车突然出现，出租车司机急刹车，车子打滑，只差几英寸就撞上了这辆黑色小汽车。missed the black car by just inches意为\"只差几英寸就撞上了这辆黑色小汽车\"。故选B。
（4）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.raised举起，抬起；B.struck击，打；C.shook摇动；D.reached到达，伸。句意：令人惊讶的是，黑色汽车的司机伸出头，开始对我们大喊大叫。根据语境可知，那辆黑色小汽车的司机伸出头大声地喊叫着。reached his head out 意为\"把头伸出来\"。故选D。
（5）D.考查动词及语境理解。A.apologized道歉；B.panicked感到恐慌；C.hesitated犹豫；D.smiled微笑。句意：我的出租车司机只是微笑着向那家伙挥手。根据下文中的\" And I thought he was really fiendly. \"和文章最后一段中的\" just smile,wave,wish them well,and move on\"可知，出租车司机只是笑了笑。故选D。
（6）B.考查名词及语境理解。A.airport机场；B.hospital医院；C.garage车库，汽车修理厂；D.police office警察局。句意：于是我问：\"为什么？这家伙差点毁了你的车，差点把我们送进医院！\"根据上文Our car skidded（打滑），and（3）the black car by just inches!可知，作者两辆车差点相撞，所以作者对司机说，这个家伙差点儿毁了他的车并且差点儿把他们送进医院。故选B。
（7）A.考查连词及语境理解。A.what什么；B.which哪一个；C.why为什么；D.that作连词时，无意义，只起连接作用。句意：那时，我的出租车司机教会了我现在称之为\"垃圾车定律\"的法律。根据空后的\"I now call\"the Law of the Garbage Truck\"可知，此处是说，司机就在那时教给了作者他现在称之为\"垃圾车定律\"的道理。what意为\"..的东西\" ，在宾语从句中作宾语。故选A。
（8）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.complained抱怨；B.explained解释；C.swore发誓；D.promised承诺。句意：他向我解释说，许多人就像垃圾车。根据上文作者问司机why可知，司机向作者解释了the Law of the Garbage Truck。explain to sb that.....\"向某人解释.....\"。故选B。
（9）C.考查名词及语境理解。A.goods货物；B.luggage行李；C.rubbish垃圾；D.intention意图。句意：他们满脑子都是垃圾（沮丧、愤怒和失望等）。根据上文中的\"He（8）to me that many people are like garbage trucks.\"及括号内一些消极意义的词可知，此处是指垃圾（ rubbish）。故选C。
（10）A.考查动词及语境理解。A.piles堆积；B.mixes混合；C.picks挑选；D.turns转换。
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句意：随着他们的垃圾堆积如山，他们需要一个地方来倾倒垃圾，有时他们会把垃圾倒在你身上。根据语境可知，此处是说随着垃圾的堆积，他们需要倾倒出来。pile up意为\"堆积\"。故选A。
（11 ）A.考查形容词及语境理解。A.wise明智的；B.strange奇怪的；C.merciful仁慈的；D.generous慷慨的。句意：底线是聪明人不会让垃圾车浪费一天时间。根据语境可知，此处是说明智的人不会让垃圾车影响他们一天的生活。故选 A。
（12）A.考查动词短语及语境理解。A.take over接管；B.make out理解；C.sort out分类；D.go over复习。句意：底线是聪明人不会让垃圾车接管他们的一天。根据语境，明智的人不会让垃圾影响他们每天的生活。take over意为\"取得..的控制\"，符合语境。故选A。 （13）D.考查名词及语境理解。A.expectations期望；B.puzzles迷惑；C.amazement惊讶；D.regret后悔。句意：人生苦短，不能在清晨带着遗憾醒来。根据空后的so we should love the people who are（14）to us and pray for the ones who aren't可知，作者此处是说我们不应该带着懊悔醒来。故选D。
（14）C.考查形容词词及语境理解。A.deadly致命的；B.frightened害怕的；C.friendly友好的；D.angry生气的。句意：所以我们应该爱那些对我们友好的人，为那些对我们不友好的人祈祷。根据空后的pray for the ones who aren't可知，此处与and后的内容形成对比，是说我们应该爱那些对我们友好的人。故选C。
（15）B.考查动词及语境理解。A.claim声称，断言；B.make实现；C.enjoy享受；D.share分享。句意：生活有百分之十在于你如何塑造它，有百分之九十在于你如何对待它。根据语境，生活有百分之十在于你如何创造（ make）它，有百分之九十在于你如何对待它。故选B。
本文讲述了作者一次乘坐出租车去机场，路上差点儿被另一辆汽车撞了，那辆车的司机不仅没有道歉还对作者他们大叫，但是出租车司机对此一笑置之，并且给作者讲了\"垃圾车定律\"，让作者学习到：没有必要对任何让你不高兴的事情耿耿于怀。
完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时，要先通读全文，掌握大意，然后结合选项，仔细阅读文章，选择最适合语境的词，注意上下文的呼应及语境。
36.【答案】【小题1】it
【小题2】to 【小题3】less 【小题4】ignored 【小题5】ineffective
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【小题6】that/which 【小题7】facing 【小题8】likely 【小题9】concerning 【小题10】where
【解析】（1）it.考查it的用法。句意：然而，我们发现父母和孩子缺乏沟通是很普遍的。that引导的主语从句放在后面，所以用it作形式主语，故填it。
（2）to.考查介词。句意：不止一个原因导致了这个问题。contribute to导致，为固定搭配，故填to。
（3）less.考查形容词比较级。句意：首先，父母花更少的时间和学生在一起的原因是更大的社会压力经常会使孩子被父母忽视。根据后面的heavier,可知用形容词的比较级，故填less。
（4）ignored.考查过去分词。句意：首先，父母花更少的时间和学生在一起的原因是更大的社会压力经常会使孩子被父母忽视。ignore和它所修饰的词之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填ignored。
（5）ineffective.考查形容词。句意：第二，虽然父母想要和他们的孩子交谈，他们中的一些人不知道太多的沟通技巧或必要的教育知识，这将是无效的沟通。作表语，所以用形容词，表示\"无效的\"，故填ineffective。
（6）that/which.考查定语从句。句意：然而，可以发现的最重要的原因可能是大多数父母的传统观念的权威。先行词为物，在定语从句中作主语，故填that/which。 （7）facing.考查现在分词。句意：因此，当面对孩子时，父母不太可能以朋友的身份与他们交流。face和主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填facing。 （8）likely.考查形容词。句意：因此，当面对孩子时，父母不太可能以朋友的身份与他们交流。be likely to do sth.可能做某事，为感动，故填likely。
（9）concerning.考查介词。句意：总而言之，解决这个问题的办法就是缩小父母和孩子之间的差距。表示\"关于\"，后跟名词，所以用介词concerning,故填concerning。 （10）where.考查定语从句。句意：因此，为了给孩子创造一个更好的成长环境，父母应该确保家庭的稳定，并作为孩子的好朋友。先行词为atmosphere,在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导，故填where。
本文讲述了父母和孩子缺乏沟通的原因以及解决办法。
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做本题的关键是在理解短文的基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识。本类型的题目常考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等。因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌握各语言点及一些语法知识。
37.【答案】that
【解析】答案：that；go。message后面使用that引导同位语从句，不可以省略，which定语从句中it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do不定式，go to the cinema：去电影院。故填：that；go。
我的朋友在社交媒体上发消息说她感冒了，这使得她可能无法去电影院了。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
38.【答案】pave
【解析】答案：pave；are destined to。pave：为...铺平道路，be destined to do sth：注定做某事，结合句意，故填：pave；are destined to。
更多时候，亲密的友谊将有助于铺平我们注定要走的崎岖道路。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
39.【答案】who
【解析】先行词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导定语从句；fail to do sth.未能做某事，live up to符合，达到。 故填：who；to live up to。
那些试图模仿他们最喜爱的明星形象的人正在打一场无望取胜的仗，因为他们未能达到那些标准。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
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40.【答案】turn to extreme
【解析】根据句意，横线处应翻译\"借助极端的\"，其英文是turn to extreme,因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；turn to求助。 故填：turn to extreme。
在一个把瘦看作是美的社会里，青少年有时会借助极端的方法来快速减肥。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
41.【答案】proves to be harmful
【解析】根据句意，横线处应翻译\"被证明有害\"，其英文是prove to be harmful,prove用作系动词，意思是\"显现出是，被证明是\"，其后可接\"（to be）+ adj./prep. -phrase\"或介词短语作表语，因表示的是一般事实，要用一般现在时，且主语The so-called 'quick-fix' method是单数，谓语动词也应用单数形式。 故填：proves to be harmful。
这种所谓的\"速效法\"被证明对青少年有害。
考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】Dear Tom,
I am sorry to hear that you' re having trouble adjusting to your high school life.Actually,many freshmen are confused about high school life,so there is no need to worry about it too much.【高分句型一】I'm writing to offer you some useful suggestions.（写信目的）
Firstly,you should make a good schedule and focus on improving your study.As a teenager,it is our responsibility to study well.【高分句型二】（合理安排学习时间）
Besides,keeping a balanced diet and doing more exercises can strengthen your body.If you insist on regular training,you can always be in a good mood and high spirits.（保持良好的生活习惯）
I hope my suggestions will be of great benefit to you.（希望） Yours,
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Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一：Actually,many freshmen are confused about high school life,so there is no need to worry about it too much.
译文：事实上，很多大一新生对高中生活感到困惑，所以没必要太担心。 分析：这句话使用so引导结果状语从句。
高分句型二：As a teenager,it is our responsibility to study well. 译文：作为一个青少年，好好学习是我们的责任。
分析：这句话使用it作为形式主语，不定式内容是真正的主语。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。
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