铁道车辆名词术语——国标
Rolling stock terms
GB 4549.1-84
一、一般名词术语 General
1、车辆的种类
铁道车辆 rolling stock,railway vehicle,railway car
客车 carriage,passeger car
货车 wagon.freight car
特种车 special car
钢木车 steel-wood car
全金属车 all metal car
全钢车all steel car
二轴车 two-axle car
1
四轴车 four-axle car
六轴车 six-axle car
转向架式车 rogie car
关节式车 articulated car
动车 motor-car
拖车 trailer
控制车 controlling car
动车组 powered car train-set
合造车 combined car
简易客车 simply equipped coach
代用客车 substitute passenger car
双层客车 double-deck coach
母车 car with axle generator
2
子车 car without axle generator
座车 seat coach
硬座车 semi-cushioned seat coach
软座车 cushioned seat coach,soft seat coach
卧车 sleeping car
硬卧车 semi-cushioned berth sleeping car
软卧车 cushioned berth sleeping car
餐车 dining car
行李车 luggage van,baggage car
邮政车 mail van,postal car
了望车 observation car
公务车 service car,private car
文教车 culture and education car
3
医疗车 hospital car
卫生车 ambulance car
试验车 test car
维修车 maintenance car
宿营车 dormitory van,train crew car
轨道检查车 track inspection car
轨道探伤车 rail faults detection car
隧道摄影车 tunnel-photographing car
限界检查车 structure gauge detection car
检衡车 track scale test car
发电车 generator car
锅炉车 boiler car
救援车 relief car
4
敞车 open-top car,gondola car
棚车 covered wagon,box car
平车 flat car
罐车 tank car
守车 caboose, brake van
煤车 coal car
砂石车 gravel car
矿石车 ore car
漏斗车 hopper car
水泥车 cement car
保温车 thermal car
隔热车 insulated-cover wagon,insulated box car
加冰冷藏车 ice-cooled refrigerator car
5
冷冻板冷藏车 eutectic-ice-cooled refrigerator car
加温车 heater car
冷藏加温车 refrigerator and heater car
机械冷藏车 mechanical refrigerator car
单节机械冷藏车 mono-unit mechanical refrigerator car
机冷货物车 mechanical refrigerator freight car
机冷发电车 mechanical refrigerator generating car
机械冷藏车组 mechanical refrigerator car train-set
通风车 ventilated car
家畜车 live stock car, stock car
活鱼车 fish car
零担办公车 office car for peddler train
毒品车 posion car
6
集装箱车 container car
长大货物车 heavy-duty car,high capacity car
凹底平车 depressed center flat car
落下孔车 well car, well-hole car
双联平车 twinned flat car
钳夹车 schnabel car
自动倾翻车 side dump car
除雪车 sweeper, snow plow
长钢轨车组 long rail car train-set
电站车组 power station car train set
bingyu1975 2006-8-4 0451 PM
车辆纵向 longitudinal direction of car
车辆横向 transverse direction of car
7
车端 end of car
一位端 “B” end of car
二位端 “A” end of car
一位侧 No.1 position side
二位侧 No. 2 position side
轴位 position of axle
轮位 position of wheel
梁位 position of sill
bingyu1975 2006-8-4 0459 PM
车钩中心线高 hright fron top of rail to coupler center
车辆长度 length of car
车辆宽度 width of car
车辆最大宽度 max. width of car
8
车辆高度 height of car
车辆最大高度 max. height of car
车体长度 length over ends of car body
底架长度 length of underframe
罐体长度 length of tank barrek
车体宽度 width over sides of car body
底架长度 underframe width
车体内长 inside length of car body
车体内宽 inside width of car body
车体内侧面高 inside height of car body
车体内中心高 inside height from floor to roof centre
地板面高 height of floor from rail top
车辆定距（心盘中心距） length between bogie pivot centers
9
车辆全轴距 total wheel base of car
车辆定距比 ratio of car body length to length between bogie centres
换长 equivalent length
旁承间隙 side bearing clearance
bingyu1975 2006-8-4 0500 PM
自重tare weight
载重 loading capacity
整备品重 servicing weight
总重 gross weight
自重系数coefficient of tare weight,tare-to-load capacity
每延米重load per meter of track
簧上重量suspended weight,weight above spring
簧下重量non-suspended weight,weight under spring
10
bingyu1975 2006-8-4 0539 PM
构造速度design speed
通过最小曲线半径 min. radius of curvature negotiated
动力系数coefficient of kinetic force
振动舒适度comfortable quality of vibration
平稳性指标（振动舒适度指标）index of running stability
倾复稳定性security of over turing from track
脱轨稳定性security of derailment
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 0715 AM
6
6、其他
空车empty car
轴数number of axle
11
车辆标记lettering and marking of car
车辆型号model of car
车辆号码serial number of car
定员seating capacity
技术履历簿technical ancestry book
吊hanger
卡clamp,clip
吊卡anchor,suspension
座seat,rest,bracket
吊座hanger bracket
托carrier,support,bearer
环ring
链chain
12
连接板connecting plate
补强板reinforcing plate
筋板rib
隔板partion plate
撑板staying plate
托板supporting plate
固定板fastening plate
压板pressing plate
吊板hanging plate
支承板bearing plate
垫板shim,pad
调整板adjusting plate
限制板locating plate
13
挡板baffle plate
防跳板anticreep plate
护板shield plate
防尘板dust guard plate
磨耗板wear plate
防火板fireproof plate
盖板cover plate
腹板web plate
翼板flange plate
地板floor plate
顶板roof plate
墙板side plate
装饰板decorating plate
14
饰带板lining
根据位置不同所用板plate used in other place
节流板moderating plate,limiting plate
垫shim,pad,liner,washer
盖cap,cover,lid
阀valve
体body
梁girder，sill，beam，stringer
柱post
斜撑diagonal brace
压条cornice，molding，treadle bar
承木wooden parting stringer，nailing strip
隔热材料heat-insulating material
15
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 0725 AM
二 走行装置
二 走行装置running gear
1 一般
走行装置running gear
转向架bogie，truck
二轴转向架two-axle bogie
三轴转向架three-axle bogie
组合转向架combination bogie
导框式转向架pedestal bogie
导框式转向架non-pedestal bogie
导框式转向架pedestal bogie
整体侧架转向架bogie with integral box side frame
16
构架frame，bogie structure
侧架bogie side frame
轮对wheel set
有箍车轮tyred wheel
整体车轮solid wheel
碾钢车轮wrought steel wheel，rolled steel wheel
轴箱journal box
承载鞍adapter
轴箱定位装置box guidance
弹簧减振装置spring and vibration absorber device
弹簧悬挂装置suspension damper
弹簧装置spring device
轴箱弹簧装置journal spring device
17
摇枕弹簧装置bolster spring device
轴箱弹簧journal spring
摇枕弹簧bolster spring
均衡弹簧equalizer spring
空气弹簧air spring
橡胶弹簧rubber spring
第一系弹簧装置primary suspension
第二系弹簧装置secondary suspension
一系弹簧装置single-stage suspension
二系弹簧装置two-stage suspension
自动高度调整装置automatic height ajuster
减振器vibration absorber
摩擦减振器snubber
18
油压减振器hydraulic damper
旁承side bearing
滑块式旁承sliding block side bearing
摆块式旁承pendulum side bearing
滚子式旁承roller side bearing
液压旁承hydraulic siide bearing
气液旁承hydro-pneumatic side bearing
转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging
踏面制动tread braking
盘形制动disc braking,rotor braking
单侧制动signle side braking
双侧制动clasp braking
制动梁brake beam
19
闸瓦brake block,brake shoe
闸片brake ling
中磷闸瓦medium phosphor brake shoe
高磷闸瓦high phosphor brake shoe
合成闸瓦composite brake shoe
制动盘braking disc
心盘面自由高free height from rail top to centre plate wearing surface
转向架对角线bogie diagonal
轴距wheel base
固定轴距fixed or rigid wheel base
转向架全轴距total wheel base of bogie assembly
轮对内侧距distance between backs of wheel rims
轴颈中心距distance between acting centres of journal load
20
踏面tread
踏面斜度tread taper
踏面基点taping point
滚动圆rolling tread circle
车轮直径wheel diameter
轮箍厚度tire thickness
轮辋内侧厚度rim inside thickness
轮辋外侧厚度rim outside thickness
轮辋宽度rim width
轮缘高度flange height
轮缘高度测定线flange base line
轮缘厚度flange thickness
轮毂直径diameter of boss
21
轮毂厚度boss thickness
轴箱导框间隙pedestal clearance with pedestal guide
摇枕挡间隙column guide cleatance with the column
轴载荷axle loading force
轴荷重axle load
轴重wheel set load
心盘载荷centre plate loading force
旁承载荷side bearing loading force
斜对称载荷obliquely symmetrical loading force
弹簧静挠度static deflection of spring
弹簧动挠度dynamic deflection of spring
弹簧挠度裕量surplus deflection of spring,reserve deflection of spring
挠度裕量系数reserve coefficient(or surplus factor) of spring deflection
22
转向架扭曲刚度bogie against distortion rigidity
摩擦减振器相对摩擦系数relative friction coefficient of snubber
油压减振器阻力系数damping coefficient of hydraulic damper
减振指数damping index
临界阻尼值critical damping value
脱轨系数coefficient of derailment
轴温axle temperature
轮缘垂直磨耗vertical wear on flange
踏面擦伤scotching on wheel tread
踏面剥离flaking on wheel tread
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 0757 AM
2
2、转向架构架 bogie structure
23
发电机吊架genertor hanger support
缓解弹簧座release spring bracket
闸瓦托吊座brake head hanger bracket
安全吊座safety hanger bracket
固定支点座fixed fulcrum bracket
端梁end sill
侧梁side sill
纵向梁longitudinal sill
辅助梁auxiliary transom
摇枕吊耳bolster hanger lug
横梁transom
闸瓦托吊耳brake head hanger lug
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 0814 AM
24
3
3 转向架侧 bogie side frame
轴箱承台pedestal journal roof
上斜弦梁top oblique chord
检查孔inspection hole
斜楔挡friction wedge stop
上弦梁top chord
立柱column
轴箱挡pedestal leg
制动梁滑槽brake beam guide
下弦梁bottom chord
弹簧承台spring seat
凸脐spring seat boss
25
摇枕孔bolster opening
下斜弦梁bottom oblique chord
轴箱导框pedestal
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1029 AM
4
4 摇枕及弹簧装置bolster and spring device
弹簧托梁spring plank carrier
摇枕吊bolster hanger
摇枕吊销bolster hanger pin
摇枕吊销座bolster hanger pin seat
油压减振动器hydraulic damper,oil damper
弹簧夹板spring button
摇枕弹簧（外圈）bolster spring(outer)
26
摇枕弹簧（内圈）bolster spring(inner)
下旁承体bogie side bearing base
下旁承胶垫bogie side bearing rubber pad
下旁承滑块bogie side bearing sliding block
摇枕挡bolster guide
下心盘bogie centre plate
中心销centre pin
摇枕bolster
下旁承bogie side bearing
横向缓冲器lateral buffer
横向拉杆lateral connecting rod
摇枕板弹簧bolster double elliptic spring
弹簧托板spring plank
27
安全吊safety hanger
摇枕吊轴bolster hanger shaft
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1058 AM
5
5 摇枕bogie bolster
斜楔摩擦面bolster friction wedge pocket slope
凸脐spring seat boss
心盘安装面centre plate location
排水孔draining hole
中心销孔centre pin hole
固定杠杆支点安装面dead lever fulcrum bracket location
下旁承座bogie side bearing seat
摇枕挡column guide
28
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1109 AM
6。7
6，7 轮对轴箱及弹簧装置wheel set，journal box and spring device
后挡板rear guard
油卷lubricating pad
前枕front guard
轴箱盖box lid
轴瓦垫journal bearing wedge
轴箱体journal box body
轴瓦journal bearing
防尘板dust guard，dust shield
车轴皮带轮axle belt pulley
车轴axle
29
车轮wheel
防尘挡圈dust guard ring
滚动轴承roller bearing
弹簧支柱spring guide-post
定位套locating bush
轴箱弹簧journal spring
支持环spring guide
缓冲胶垫rubber pad
轴箱后盖journal box rear cover
轴箱体journal box body
紧定螺母set nut
防松板locking plate
轴箱前盖journal box frim cover
30
均衡弹簧座equalizing spring seat
轴箱导框pedestal
均衡弹簧（内圈、中圈、外圈）equalizing spring(inner,intermediate,outer)
均衡梁equalizer
轴箱托板journal box tie bar
轴箱导框磨耗板pedestal wear plate
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1120 AM
8
8 轮对wheel set
车轴axle
车轮轮箍tire,tyre
车轮扣环retaining ring
车轮轮心wheel centre
31
整体车轮solid wheel
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1121 AM
9
9 车轴axle
中心孔centre hole
轴颈前肩hournal front fillet
轴颈后肩journal rear fillet
轮座前肩wheel seat front fillet
轮座后肩wheel seat rear fillet
轴中央部axle middle portion
轴身axle body
轮座wheel seat
防尘板座dust guard seat
32
轴颈journal
轴领collar
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1123 AM
10
10 整体车轮solid wheel
辐板web plate
轮缘flange
轮毂孔wheel hub bore
轮毂hub，boss
轮辋rim
踏面thread
辐板孔web plate hole
bingyu1975 2006-8-8 1128 AM
33
11
11 轴箱体journal box body
前壁front wall
内顶journal box roof
轴箱口journal box opening
雨檐eaves
瓦垫挡journal bearing wedge stopper
承台座pedestal seat
底部bottom
排水槽draining slot
轴箱盖耳孔座journal box hinge lug
后壁rear wall
防尘板槽dust guard slot
34
瓦耳挡bearing lug guard
侧壁side wall
导槽pedestal guide
bingyu1975 2006-8-9 0743 AM
12
12 油压减振器hydraulic damper
压板pressing plate
胶垫rubber fitting
垫板pad
套sleeve
密封盖seal cap
密封圈seal ring
密封衬垫seal ring retainer
35
螺母nut
密封弹簧seal spring
导向套guide bush
缸端盖cylinder end cap
缸体cylinder body
防尘罩dust protector
活塞piston
芯阀key valve
阀套valve bush
阀座valve seat
阀瓣valve clack
进油阀座oil inlet valve seat
储油缸oil storage cylinder
36
bingyu1975 2006-8-9 0744 AM
13
13 转向架基础制动装置bogie brake rigging
制动梁brake beam
制动梁缓解弹簧brake beam release spring
闸瓦托吊brake head hanger
固定杠杆dead lever
拉杆间隙调整器pull rod type slack adjuster
制动梁拉杆brake beam pull rod
移动杠杆live lever
上拉杆导轮托top connecting rod guide
移动杠杆上拉杆live lever top connecting rod
拉杆connecting rod
37
移动杠杆拉杆吊live lever conection hanger
闸瓦插销brake shoe key
闸瓦brake shoe
闸瓦托brake head
闸瓦间隙调整器brake shoe slack adjuster
拉环brake beam and lever connection
移动杠杆拉杆live lever connection
闸瓦托调整簧brake head spring
卡板catch plate
压板button
调整板adjusting plate
调整螺杆adjusting screw
调整弹簧adjusting spring
38
调整螺母adjusting nut
bingyu1975 2006-8-9 0746 AM
14
14 制动梁brake beam
滚子roller
滚子轴roller shaft
下拉杆安全吊lower connecting rod safety link
支柱strut
弓形杆tension rod
槽钢梁compression channel
内挡箍inner check ring
闸瓦托brake head
端部磨耗板end wear plate
39
bingyu1975 2006-8-9 0748 AM
15
15 轴端发电装置axle-end drive generating equipment
调整手轮锁紧螺母adjusting hand wheel lock nut
调整手轮adjusting hand wheel
调整弹簧垫adjusting spring guide
调整弹簧adjusting spring
调整弹簧座adjusting spring seat
调整丝杠adjusting lead screw
连接轴connecting shaft
连接轴紧固螺母connecting shaft sernut
密封前盖front seal cap
挡尘板dust guard
40
皮带轮belt pulley
挡盖guard cap
电机托cenerator bracker
客车发电机generator for passengercar
调整杠杆adjusting lever
41
因篇幅问题不能全部显示，请点此查看更多更全内容