一、小作文
在考研英语小作文写作中，除了保持一般的议论文风格，还需要在三段中穿插信函相关的套句模板，来适应书信文体的要求。
下面就帮大家整理了一些小作文最常用的经典套句，希望大家在考场上能够信手拈来，发挥作用。 1. 一般开头句型
I’m writing to… 开门见山的开头模式 I’m writing to inform you that… (通知类型)
I’m writing to seek your assistance in … (请求类型)
I’m writing in response to your advertisement in … (回应类型) I’m writing to express my views on … (建议类型)
I’m writing to apply for the scholarship that your department offers to students from other countries. (申请类型)
I’m writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding… (咨询类型)
I’m writing to express my disappointment/ dissatisfaction about… (投诉类型) 2. 感谢类句型
thank-gratitude-grateful-appreciate 的多种变体 I’m most grateful to you for your…
I’m writing this letter to express my sincere gratitude for… I would like to convey in this letter my heartfelt thanks for… I feel greatly indebted to you for…
I’m writing to tell you how greatly I appreciate all you have done for me… But for your kind assistance, I would have … I must thank you again for your generous help。 Please accept my deepest gratitude。 3. 道歉类句型
sorry-apologize-apology的多种变体 I feel really sorry to you for… I must apologize to you for…
I would like to express my deepest apology / regret for not being able to … Had I …, I would have…。
Please accept my sincere apology for… I want you to know how badly I feel about… 4. 一般结尾句型
Any favorable consideration of my application will be highly appreciated. (申请/求职) We should be very pleased if you could honor us with your presence. (邀请函) Best wishes for your greater success in your career. (祝愿)
Thank you for your patience and concern in reading this letter. I hope this does not cause you too much inconvenience. I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience。(套话组合)
虽然信函的套用句型还有很多的变化，但上面选取的这些句子在考试中都是非常实用的，无论什么样的话题，开头结尾加上表示感谢和道歉的礼貌客气话总是必不可少的。
二、大作文
经过对各类考研作文的分析和挖掘，我们发现，在200词以下的短作文中，三段设置是一个比较合理的格局。特别是提纲三点出现的内容和规律，我们可以发现一共出现过十种常见的段落。这些功能段落通过组合，可以形成多种多样的考法。由于考研写作相对来说比较模式化，因此段落的出现也很有规律。可以看出以下的情况：
第一段： 话题引出段 / 图画图表描述段
第二段： 观点列举段 / 利弊分析段 / 举例论证段 / 原因列举段 /意义阐释段
第三段： 归纳结论段 / 未来趋势段 / 建议措施段
任何一次考试，只要在以上段落中进行三段组合，就可以进行一种命题。把握住了这种规律，考生就可以解剖大作文。把任何大作文看作三个部分的组合，如果有了各部分组合的固定精彩语言，就可以以不变应万变。以下列举出十大功能段落的精彩句型，供大家背诵使用。
1)话题引出段
Nowadays, there is a growing concern over the issue of …… People in growing numbers are directing their attention to ……
With the development of ……, the problem of …has become increasingly serious。 When it comes to ……, people’s notions may vary from one to another。 Recently, a heated discussion has sprung up as to ……
Traditional virtue/value has it that……, yet people are……currently。 2)图画图表描述段
As is vividly shown in the picture,…… It is clearly depicted in the picture that……
This picture depicts a thought-provoking scene of …… According to the figures given in the chart,…。。
The chart above provides a series of essential figures, illustrating the changes taking place in a time span of …years。
3) 观点对比段
Opposite voices are now rising in the debate. Some people firmly believe that……. On the contrary, quite a few people argue that……
The controversial issue has aroused opposite opinions. One focuses on …….. ;the other opinion revolves around……
4)利弊列举段
Every coin has two sides, and this issue is no exception. Above all, …In addition…More importantly… However, the negative influence it renders should not be neglected. ..not only …but also
Is this phenomenon a blessing or a curse.? The following list of advantages and disadvantages can explain everything。
5)举例论证段 For instance; Take…for an example; A case in point is……
The following illustrations can serve as strong evidence of the phenomenon。 6)原因列举段
Why should this phenomenon take place? There are generally three factors accounting for it。
Having taken everything into consideration, we may attribute the sharp change to three aspects。
7)意义阐释段
The purpose of the picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to…。 The fact/phenomenon that…indicates that … …
Having scrutinized the details of the picture, we can discuss the implications subtly conveyed from it。
8)归纳结论段 In conclusion, In my opinion,
As far as I am concerned,
Taking into account all the analyses above, we may confidently come to the conclusion that……
9)预测趋势段
There is no denying that ……will continue increasing/decreasing in the better/worse
direction。
Undoubtedly, the tendency reflected from the chart will undergo a continuous increase/decrease in the near future。
10)建议措施段
Therefore, it is imperative that we should take some drastic measures。
As far as I am concerned, two effective measures must be immediately taken to pull through the crisis。
As a result, it is advisable to settle the problem by two means。
把握住了以上所列举的一些精彩句型，就可以达到任由提纲组合，句型同步组合的目的。只要作文中具备了高分句型，其它部分随机应变或即兴发挥，都可以保障作文的语言水准是在高分级别。希望同学们利用好框架，在考试中游刃有余地展开，取得高分。
考研作文必背30篇[精]
一、
Directions:
Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.量体裁衣 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
This cartoon is silly, and yet compelling: a large customer holds a hopelessly small piece of cloth as the tailor carefully measures. Such an image suggests that one needs to consider practical reality in the pursuance of goals. Merely acting on one's desires, while ignoring the facts at hand, cannot lead to success.
The fact that currently there are more graduates than jobs reminds us of the importance of rational thinking. Every year approximately 3 million students graduate from universities and begin looking for work. Many of them fail to find suitable employment because there are simply not enough opportunities to accommodate such great numbers of graduates. In addition, however, one might also cite flawed individual assessment as a reason.
In order to create a realistic target for one's future, one must make rational decisions and prepare accordingly. A student who aims to be a surgeon, for example, must take care to acquire opportunities to do clinical practice and gain sufficient knowledge. In other words, customers would do well to take accurate measurements before purchasing their fabric. A small piece of cloth cannot adequately clothe a large person.
译文：这幅画很可笑，但引人注目。一位身体庞大的顾客在裁缝仔细地为他量尺寸准备做衣服时，手里却拿着一块小得令人绝望的衣料。这幅画告诉我们，一个人在执行任务的过程中必须考虑到实际情况，仅从主观意愿出发而不顾眼前的事实，是不可能成功的。
当前大学生的就业率使我们意识到进行合理思考的重要性，每年有大约300万大学生从学校毕业，寻找工作，他们中的很多人并没有找到一份适合自己的工作，有一个原因是没有足够的就业机会提供给数量如此庞大的毕业生。但除此而外，过高的自我估计也是可能的原因之一。
为了能够实现未来目标，一个人必须做出合理的决定，并做好相应的准备。比如一个志在成为外科医生的学生，就必须确保自己有临床实习的机会和足够的知识，换句话说，顾客在购买衣料前必须先量好准确的尺寸，一个大块头是无法穿上一小块布料的。
范文2：
In the cartoon we can see a large person being measured by a tailor to get suitable clothes made. Anything to be done must be measured in advance so that we are able to find a proper way to do it. If the tailor does not take measurements of the man, then he would not be able to make suitable clothes for this person.
This same principle applies to solving any other problem. Firstly, when we want to know the reality of something, we must describe it like it is, getting rid of our prejudices and exaggerations, so that we can have an unbiased view. Secondly, the object should be analyzed in a concrete way so that we can grasp the reasons and rules of it. Thirdly, we must adapt our approach to solving a problem, for each situation is different from the others. So we must view a problem from different perspectives.
The cartoon implies different meanings to different people. A teacher should adopt different teaching methods according to the students in the class; a doctor should prescribe different treatments according to the patient's symptoms; a farmer should seed different plants according to the various conditions of the earth. From a philosophical point of view, dissimilar problems should be approached differently. Good results come from attentive analysis of a problem.
译文：
从图中我们可以看到，一个裁缝正在给一位身材高大的人量身定做一件合适的衣服。在做任何事情都应该预先筹划，以便找到恰当的解决办法。如果这个裁缝不为这个人量尺寸，他就不能为他做出一件合适的衣服。 这个道理同样适合解决其它任何问题。首先，当我们要了解某事的真相时，我们必须如实地对其描述，排除任何偏见与夸张，以便我们能够得到真实的情况。其次，具体事物要具体分析，这样我们才能够抓住事物的规律。最后，事物的状态是不断变化的，所以我们应当“因地制宜，同时制宜。”总之，我们要从不同的角度看待问题。
图画的内涵对不同的人有着不同的意义。对于教师来说，面对不同的学生要采取不同的教学方法；对于医生来说，要根据病人的不同病情采用相应的治疗方法；对于农民来说，面对不同的土地状况要种植不同的作物。从哲学角度来说，具体问题要具体分析。好的结果总是来自对问题的仔细分析.
二、
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples.金字塔是由一块块石头积累成的 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
One glance at a pyramid can leave the viewer in awe of its beauty and splend or. Upon closer examination, however, one might be surprised to discover that such a grandiose structure is composed entirely of ordinary stones.
Most people are familiar with the proverb: Rome was not built in a day. An object as grand as a pyramid is likewise not so quickly or easily constructed. Just as the greatness of the city of Rome is due to the combination of its smaller parts, a pyramid is only as strong as the stones it is comprised of. The image of a pyramid reminds us that great success is in fact an accumulation of small a chievements. History proves that many famous artists and scientists are only successful because of their continued efforts, even after numerous failures. One might recall Leonardo DaVinci's drawing of an egg, Wang Xi Zhi practicing handwriting, or Thomas Edison inventing the light bulb, for example. The fable that tells us that even water can eventually pierce through stone also points to the importance of patience and diligence. We should take such stories and histories into account and remember the importance of fundamentals; remember
that one can build a pyramid only if one is willing to work with small stones. People would be wise to abandon rash inclinations and instead try in earnest. Perseverance is sure to leadto success.
译文：
瞥一眼金字塔，看见其美丽壮观的景象，敬畏之情就会油然而生。然而，走近仔细再看，人们会很吃惊地发现如此宏伟的建筑皆由普通的石头砌成。
大多数人都熟悉这个谚语：罗马不是一天建成的。像金字塔这样壮丽雄伟的建筑也同样不能如此快地轻易建成。就像罗马城的伟大是由各个小的部分组合起来的一样，金字塔也如构建它的石头一样坚固。金字塔的形象告诉我们伟大的成功实际上就是集腋成裘。
历史上，许多有名的艺术家和科学家都是由于他们不断的努力才获得成功的，尽管屡屡失败他们也在所不惜。例如，人们可能会想到莱昂纳多·达芬奇画蛋，王羲之练习书法和托马斯·爱迪生发明电灯的故事。“水滴石穿”这个寓言也喻意耐心和勤奋的重要性。我们应该重视这些故事和历史，牢记打好基础的重要性；且还要记住人只有在他愿意堆砌小石块时才能建造起金字塔。人们摒弃急燥冒进并代之以严肃认识是明智之举。坚持不懈必定会走向成功。
范文2：
We can see in the picture, a great Egyptian Pyramid towering magnificently into the sky. At first sight visitors may be overwhelmed by the pyramid and cannot help but marvel at the huge stones in front of them — the embodiment of patience and endurance of an Ancient Egyptian Civilization. During this extended period of building, one can only imagine the amount of patience and endurance that was required by the people before any of this greatness was to be achieved.
The stones of the pyramid remind us of a famous saying: “Rome was not built in a day,” that is, great things are never done without much time and labor.
As human beings, we are eager to win merits for ourselves. It is, however, onlypatience as well as endurance that can help us to succeed in performing great deeds. In the case of Si Maqian, without those brilliant qualities mentioned above, he could never attain such great achievements. Difficulties are unavoidable, unless we do not engage in anything at all. In the end, it is patience and endurance that counts. Some people would give up halfway in the face of what seems to be insurmountable. Men of such a type can hardly expect to succeed. We must take a stepbystep approach to accomplish everything until we get the final result. The reason is very simple: if one attempts to climb a mountain, however high he reaches, he has failed if he does not reach the top.
译文：
在这幅画中我们可以看到，一座伟大的埃及金字塔擎天而立，雄伟壮观。尽管游客们第一眼看到它时，都会被它的磅礴气势所震撼，然而震撼过后，他们都不禁要对眼前这些体现着古埃及人民坚忍不拔精神的巨石惊叹不已。在漫长的修筑过程中，你不难想象在这个伟大创举的背后，饱含着人民坚韧不拔的精神与毅力。
金字塔的巨石使我们想到这样一句名言：“罗马不是一天建成的。”也就是说，不付出艰辛的劳动和足够的时间就不会成就伟大的事业。人类急切希望为自己创造价值。但是，只有耐心和坚韧才能帮助我们完成伟大创举。以司马迁为例，假如他不具备上述优秀品质，成就那样的伟业绝无可能。做任何事情，障碍都是不可避免的，除非我们什么都不做。说到底，有了耐心和坚韧才能成功。
有些人在看上去不可逾越的障碍面前中途放弃。这些人是永远不会成功的。我们在做任何事情时都要脚踏实地，一步一步去实现我们最终的目标。道理很简单：如果一个人爬山，无论他爬得多高，只要没有到达山顶，他终归是一个失败者。
三、
Directions:
How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations to meet theirs? Sustainable development implies a broad view of human welfare, a long term
perspective about social development. Write an essay which should cover:
1) describing the set of drawings below, 2) stating its main idea, and 3) giving your comment.前人栽树，后人乘凉 范文1：
The images above are both meaningful and instructive: this man's hard work is not only for his own benefit, but also for the benefit of future generations.
The pictures serve to remind us that the existence of our current happiness and valuable national heritage is due to the struggles of our predecessors.
We, in turn, should also work hard in order to guarantee the comfort and safety of generations to come. Sustainable development has become a topic of heated debate in recent years. While it is justifiable to satisfy current demands, we cannot neglect the needs of our descendants in the process. Our children also depend on Earth's natural resources and we should not deprive them of such necessities.
Unfortunately, many people only think of their shortterm, personal interests. An entire forest might be clearcut, in the interest of making a profit, without a single tree planted in its place. This inconsiderate attitude towards the welfare of our descendants, as well the indifference to the outcome of such reckless actions, can only turn Earth into a cold and lifeless planet. People must be taught to appreciate Earth as not only their home, but also the home of our children and grandchildren, as well as all other plants and animals.
While making great efforts to increase our current quality of life, we must simultaneously consider how our actions will affect future lives.
译文：
上面的漫画意味深长而发人深省，栽树人的艰辛劳作不只是为了他自己，也是为了后人。 这幅漫画是为了提醒我们今天的幸福生活和宝贵的民族遗产归功于我们祖先的奋斗，而我们，反过来，也要努力劳动来确保我们后代的幸福和平安。
可持续发展是近几年的热点话题，虽然我们要满足自己当前的需要，但不能将子孙后代的需求抛置脑后。我们的孩子同样需要自然资源，我们不能剥夺他们的这份必需品。不幸的是很多人只考虑他们短视的、自私的利益。为了获得利润，整片的森林被砍光，一棵树都不留下。这种不顾及子孙福利的态度，和对这种轻率行为的后果的无动于衷，只会让我们的地球变成一个冷冰冰而无生气的行星。必须告诫人们的是：地球不仅是他们的家园，也是他们的孩子和所有后代的家园，还是其他所有的植物和动物的家园。
在努力提高今天的生活质量的同时，我们必须考虑到我们的行为会对未来的生命产生什么样的影响。 范文2：
As can be seen from the drawings, the father has planted a small tree thatgrows into a big one and is left to his son to enjoy. Years later, his son sits under the big tree enjoying its shade.
In social development, we should not over utilize our natural resources, as in the case of forests. A reasonable use of forests and reforestation are the best choices in the long run. Human beings should plan ahead when it comes to social development. Even though trees are in short demand today, we must still keep
the deforestation under control, for we do not want to eliminate all of our forests, which are essential to our existence. Reforestation is another wise practice. We may not fully benefit from planting trees for the time being, but we must continue doing so, since it will benefit later generations.
From the point of view of sustainable development, we have the responsibility to ensure that future generations have enough natural resources to use and arenot penalized for the
shortsightedness of present day decision makers. In otherwords, we should not use up our natural resources just to meet our own present day needs, while ignoring the future of our planet.
译文：
画中可见，一位父亲种了一棵小树，这棵小树将长成参天大树，他的儿子将会从中受益。多年以后，他的儿子坐在树下享受着大树带来的阴凉。
在社会发展中，我们不能过度使用自然资源，比如说森林资源。从长远来说对森林的合理利用和植树造林是最好的选择。人类应当为社会发展做长远的打算。尽管木材在当今社会十分短缺，我们也必须控制滥砍滥伐，因为我们不愿看到森林这一人类赖以生存的基础被彻底用尽。植树造林无疑是又一项英明的举
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
措。我们也许暂时不能够充分享受植树给我们带来的益处，但是我们必须继续将这一举措坚持下去，因为它会使我们的后代受益。
从可持续发展的角度来看，我们有责任来保障后代有丰富的自然资源可利用，并且不会使他们因今天决策者的目光短浅而受到惩罚。换句话说，我们不应该仅为满足我们自己当前的需要而用尽所有的自然资源，忽视我们后代的需求。
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.人生处处面临选择 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
This simple picture represents a situation that every person must face: when approaching a junction, which direction should one choose?
Most viewers can empathize with the sense of hesitation and uncertainty embodied in such an image. Without exception, everyone has to make choices in life, whether they concern school, career, or love. While some choices are simple, one cannot avoid the task of making difficult decisions.
Choices are often directly related to one's happiness. University students,for example, face a hard and crucial decision upon graduating. Many students have difficulty deciding whether to continue studying or begin developing a career. Every individual is different, and one must take the factors of one's personal life into consideration. In addition to an awareness of specific circumstances, however, making the right choice also depends on correct appraisal of oneself.
In order to choose correctly, therefore, one must be both realistic and selfaware. Furthermore, once having made a decision, one should seriously accept and pursue the path one has chosen, and strive towards the realization of one's goal with spirit.
译文：
这幅简单的画表现了我们每个人都要面对的情况：走到叉路口了，该选择哪条路呢？
绝大多数读者都能感受到这幅画中包含的犹豫和彷徨。毫无例外，每个人在一生中都要多次做出选择——无论是涉及到学业、职业还是爱情。虽然有些选择很容易，但一个人无法回避艰难的选择。
选择通常直接关系到一个人的幸福。比如对大学生来说，临近毕业就面临着一个艰难而至关重要的选择——很多学生难以决定是继续求学还是开始自己的职业生涯。每个人的情况都不相同，所以一个人应该把自己生活的方方面面都考虑到。除了对周围特定的环境要有清楚的了解外，做出正确的选择还依赖于有一个正确的自我评价。因此，一个人为了做出正确选择，必须既现实又清醒。此外，一个人一旦做出了决定，就应该严肃地承认并奉行既定的路线，鼓起勇气为实现自己的目标而奋斗。
范文2：
In the picture we can see a man standing at a crossroad with two simi
lar roads, and trying to decide which way to take. In daily life we are often faced with such choices. More often than not, we have to make cardinal decisions indepentently. This moment is very important for everyone to go through.
In order to make a decision that we will not regret, we should bear these two principles in mind: thinking before acting, and never missing any opportunities that arise. On one hand, we should have an apparent, objective judgment about ourselves while maintaining a clear idea about the world around us. On the other hand, we should also think about opportunity. Many people may not quite agree with this and think that opportunity is so rare that only the luckiest people come across it. However, opportunity is open to everyone
and one should make good use of it when confronted with it. One should take advantage of it just like the proverb states: “Opportunities are only from the prepared minds.”
So when one is faced with choices the next time, remember that using the mind and taking advantage of good opportunities will pave the way to success.
译文：
从这幅画中我们可以看到，一个人正站在叉路岐途之前，等待他的是要决定究竟走哪条路。人生中我们经常会面临这样的选择。我们还时常必须独立做出重大决定。这是我们每个人都要经历的重要时刻。
如果我们不想为自己做出的决定而感到后悔，就必须遵循这两个原则：一是三思而后行；二是不要错过任何机会。一方面，我们要对自身做出客观公正的判断，同时还要对我们周围的世界有一个清醒的认识。另一方面，我们对待机遇要用心思考。有些人可能不太承认机遇，认为机遇太少，而且只是那些幸运儿的专利。然而，机遇是属于每一个人的，所以在面对机遇时我们要充分利用它。每个人都应利用机遇，正如这句名言所说：“机遇只留给那些做好准备的人。”
所以当你再一次面对机遇时，请不要忘记开动脑筋，莫失良机，成功一定属于你。 五、
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
Drawings can be useful tools; a simple picture may reveal a profound truth. The illustration above, for example, is far from complicated, and yet carries deep implications; from the top of a mountain one can see clear and far.
Such an image draws attention to the fact that people tend to be distracted by immediate benefits, or deterred by present difficulties. If one was to stand higher and take a broader view, one could make wise, longterm decisions, as well as have a clearer sense of how to solve any given problem.
The importance of keeping things in perspective is of practical significance to university students especially. When students face difficult decisions such as choosing between majors or careers, or deciding whether to continue with postgraduate education, they should consider their future life in broad terms. If you allow yourself to become preoccupied by immediate interests or discouraged by current obstacles, you might not make the wisest decisions.
Nevertheless, it is important to realize that viewing our lives from a far is not equal to aiming for an unattainable goal. Inexperienced youth must be careful to realistically create and pursue their ambitions.
It is best to look beyond temporary needs and problems and keep one's present and future life in perspective.
译文：
图画是一种有力的表达工具，简单的一幅画往往揭示深刻的真理。比如说上面这幅——站得高，看得远。简单，但却意蕴深远。这幅画揭示了一个事实——人们往往只为眼前的利益所吸引，或被时下的困难所阻吓。
如果一个人站高一点，眼界放宽一点，那么他就可能做出更成熟、更着眼长远的决定，而对解决当前面临的问题也会有更清醒的认识。
对于大学生来说，富有远见并整体地看待事情尤其具有重要的现实意义。当面临一个不容易作决定的选择——诸如选专业、找工作，或是决定是否考研时，必须从长远的角度来考虑自己的未来。如果斤斤计较于当前的利益，或是囿于眼前的困难而踯躅不前，那是不会做出最明智的决定的。
不过，目光长远并不等于空谈海市蜃楼，意识到这一点是很重要的。缺乏经验的年轻人必须注意，要脚踏实地塑造和追求自己的理想并为之而奋斗。
用长远的眼光看待眼前的需要和问题，用全面的眼光对待现在和未来，这才是最好的。 范文2：
As can be seen in the drawing, a man is standing on top of the highest of many mountains while looking at something far away.
If you want to be considered as the man who can see further than anyone else, you must stand on giant's shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the foot of a mountain, mountains would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. You can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog at the bottom of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump out of the well to broaden its range of vision.
In science, researchers should not confine themselves to available materials that can be easily found. On the contrary, it is very important for them to go outside the norm and use as many materials as possible. A large number of scientific materials that have been defined by previous scientists can be regarded as the basis of present research. If we want to make more progress in our present study, we must base our research on previous theories and results.
The more materials you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you are, the farther you can see.
译文：
从这幅图中我们可以看到，一个人站在最高的那座山的山顶上，眺望远方。
如果你想成为比别人看得更远的人，你必须站在巨人的肩膀上。毫无疑问，假如你站在山脚下，你会被群山包围而障目塞听。当你抬头仰望，你只能看到一小片天空，就像一只井底之蛙。如果这只青蛙想看到外面的世界，它必须从井底跳出来开阔自己的视野。
就拿科学研究为例，研究者不应把自己局限在手头易得的资料中。相反，打破常规走出去搜集尽可能多的资料，对于科研者来说是至关重要的。已被科学界的前辈广泛研究过的大量科学资料可被看作是当今科学研究的基础。如果我们想在当今科研中取得更大的进步，就必须以前人研究的成果为基础。
你掌握的资料越多，你的潜力就越大。那也就是说，站得越高，看得越远。 六、
Directions:
Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoons,
2) state its main idea, and give your comment.范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
These two cartoons show two contrasting scenes. While the male student spends all his time and money playing Internet games, the female student studies diligently. One could easily argue that a bright future awaits the students who study hard, while those who waste tuition playing games have little to look forward to. The above images encourage students to value their time in school and take advantage of educational opportunities.
While students dream of being accepted into college for years, they often become lost once admitted. Without their parents' constant support and advice, or because of limited communication with teachers, many students are unable to focus on their future goals. Such confusion leads some to forget their studies and resort to playing on the Internet, among other forms of recreation.
Students should not only keep their ambitions in mind, but also seriously strive towards them. Without a clear purpose, one might easily waste crucial years neglecting one's studies.
Constantly playing on the Internet leads to failure, while continuously studying guarantees
success. Students need to appreciate their time in school, and work hard in order to ensure a good future.
译文：
这两幅漫画描述了两个形成鲜明对照的场景，第一幅画中的男生在网络游戏中虚掷了所有的时间和金钱，而第二幅画中的女生却在勤勉地学习。可以很容易得出结论：对于刻苦学习的学生，一个美好的未来在等候着他们；而浪费学费玩游戏的学生没有什么指望了。上面这两幅画激励学生们珍惜在校的时光和受教育的机会。
经过多年的梦寐以求终于跨进大学门槛的学生，却往往迷失了自己。因为没有了父母常在身边的支持和建议，或是缺乏与老师的沟通，很多学生找不到自己未来的奋斗目标。而这种困惑就使得一些学生扔掉书本，靠各种消遣——包括玩网络游戏——来打发时光。大学生不应只空谈理想，应该认真地为之奋斗，而没有明确的目标则会让一个人在度过他至关紧要的几年后头脑空空。
沉湎于网络游戏只会导致失败，而坚持不懈的学习则能收获成功。大学生们一定要珍惜在校时光，为了美好的未来而努力。
范文2：
As can be seen from the cartoons, different students may have different wayson how to spend their college days: a boy student indulges himself in computer games, wasting money and time; while a girl student buries herself in a large pile of books, striving to get prepared for the future.
After the fierce competition in the entrance examination, some students may have the illusion that they are secure at last in college. Therefore they do not concentrate on their studies and waste money and time. Needless to say, we all have the right to choose our own way of life. However, college students should define and realize their goals. Time in college is one of the most important periods in our life when we can further prepare ourselves academically for a successful future; therefore we should make the most of it when we have this opportunity. Setting goals is an active way of living. Generally speaking, people are better motivated when they want to attain the goal they set for themselves and have a sense of fulfillment when they succeed. This is true for college students as well.
Success requires both setting goals and working hard. Setting goals for ourtime in college will ensure our chances of success at a time when we should challenge and exert ourselves.
译文：
从这两幅漫画中我们可以看到,不同的学生在如何度过他们大学时光方面可能有着不同的看法： 一个男学生整天沉溺于电脑游戏，浪费了大量的时间和金钱;而一个女学生却整天埋头书海，如饥似渴地读书为自己的未来而奋斗。
在激烈的高考竞争过后， 一些学生幻想他们走进大学就可以一劳永逸，因此他们不惜浪费时间和金钱一味地寻求快乐，而不去集中精力读书。不可否认，每个人都有选择自己生活道路的权利。但是大学生应当树立目标并为之奋斗。大学阶段是我们人生中最为重要的时光，在此期间我们能够为未来的学术成就做好充分的准备，因此一旦有这样的机会，我们就应该更充分地利用这段时光。树立目标是对生活的一种积极态度。一般说来，当人们想去达到自己目的时他们就会更有动力，并且当他们取得成功时就会更加有成就感。这对大学生来说也不失为一条真理。
成功需要树立目标并为之努力奋斗。为我们的大学生活树立目标将会为我们的成功创造良好机会，同时也使我们能够挑战自我，奋力拼搏。
七、
Directions：
Understanding is a drop of golden sun, is wellspring of life, and is a bridge between man and the soul of man. Understanding is tolerance, is a kind of selfrestraint. The world needs understanding.
Write an essay which should cover: 1) describing the drawing below, 2) stating its main idea, and 3) giving your comment.范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
The human being differs from the wild beast in that the latter is liable to have a hostile view of others and interact in an unreasonable and aggressive manner. Primitive humans might have acted in such fashion, but civilized humans should cultivate more appropriate behaviors. In the drawing above, a man carrying a large load accidentally steps on a woman's foot. Given that he gracefully apologizes, the woman both accepts his apology and assures him not to worry. The man and woman depicted interact with each other in a courteous and compassionate manner. The woman understands the man did not intentionally step on her foot, and therefore whether or not she is in pain, she does not attack or blame him. Because she is able to view the situation from his perspective, conflict is diverted. Mutual understanding such as this is a fundamental aspect of civilized society.
Some people tend to think the worst of others and become angry over even the smallest of matters, regardless of how their own actions are disturbing in turn. Such intolerance only leads to more conflict. Disrespecting or mistreating people not only inflicts pain upon others, but can also harm one's own conscienceand attitude.
Having compassion for others is an important facet of social intercourse. Once one strives to understand the experience and perspective of another, one can avoid much trouble and conflict, thus making life more peaceful and just for all.
译文：
人类和野兽的区别就在于后者倾向于相互仇视，交往时不讲道理且好斗。原始人也许会如此行事，但文明人应该养成更得体的举止。
上图中，一个手里捧着很多东西的先生无意中踩了旁边女士的脚。在他有礼貌地道歉后，这位女士不仅接受了他的道歉，还让他不必在意。
上图中的先生和女士诠释了在与人交往时应有的礼貌和富有同情心的态度。这位女士知道他并不是有意要踩她的脚，所以无论疼不疼，她都不会攻击或是埋怨这位先生。因为她能设身处地地看待这件事情，一场冲突就避免了。像这样的相互理解是构成文明社会的基本方面。
一些人往往把别人想得特别坏，为点鸡毛蒜皮的事就大发雷霆，而全然不顾他们自己的行为是多么让别人讨厌。这种偏狭只会导致更多的冲突，对人无礼或粗暴不仅会给别人带来不愉快，而且会损害自己的道德水准和仪态。宽厚是社交中重要的一面，一旦一个人努力去理解别人的做法和看法，他就会避免许多麻烦和冲突，而这会让所有人的生活都变得更美好。
范文2：
The drawing depicts a common incident in our daily lives. The exchange of words between the man and woman shows a lot about them. While the man's politeness is demonstrated when apologizing for having done something wrong, something that should be noticed even more is the understanding of the woman in accepting his apology.
Understanding is a virtue of human beings. It allows us to enjoy the warmth of the sunshine and can bridge the gap of human relationships. Understanding, which can be considered as patience and as a kind of selfrestrained behavior, is needed in every part of our lives. Understanding can also be regarded as a good behavior. It refers to a good way in which we sincerely and genuinely show politeness, kindness, friendship and respect to people. It is very important for our relationships with others because we are often judged by our manners, which shows our education, our cultural quality and our inner qualities.
With understanding, we can warm each other's hearts and win friendships, and this can be sometimes even more powerful than gun barrels. So, in our daily life, we should always follow the golden rule: Do, as you would like to have doneto you.
译文：
这幅图描绘了我们日常生活中极普通的一件小事。这位女士和这位男士间的对话表露出许多信息。对话不仅表现了这位男士在发现自己做错了事并向对方道歉时表现出的礼貌态度，而且更加表露出这位女士在接受道歉时的善解人意。
理解是人类的一种美德。它能使我们感受到阳光般的温暖，能抚平人与人之间的隔阂。理解被认为是一种宽容，同时它也是一种自律，世界的任何地方都需要理解。理解也是一种文明的举止。换句话说，它也是一种真诚地表示我们的礼貌、善良、友谊和尊敬的良好途径。它在人际关系中起着重要的作用，因为人们总是根据行为举止来对人加以评判，它们能够表现出我们良好的道德修养、文化素质和内在底蕴。相互理解使我们能温暖他人的心灵，赢得他人的友谊，有时，理解甚至比武力更有力量。因此，日常生活中我们应当时刻牢记这条金玉良言：己所不欲，勿施于人。
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples. 拼搏 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
This picture captures a scene from the Olympics in Athens. People all over the world watch in excitement as Liu Xiang moves towards the finish line in the 110 meter hurdle race. His spirit and determination inspire all, and show how valuable giving your all can be.
Life is a continuous process of fighting and one cannot achieve success without effort. Sparing no effort shows that one fears no difficulties. Striving for a definite goal with such perseverance and determination is a valuable quality.One should not stop trying until one has obtained one's dream. Everybody should have this spirit of persistence because one cannot attain anything without exerting oneself. One of the waiters at Tsinghua University, for example, received a full score on his TOEFL examination. He earned this score through diligence and selfdiscipline. Regardless of the task you are undertaking, whether it be preparing for a university examination, or working towards a career，you should always give all your effort. Only when you work hard can you achieve success.
Although one might think that one can complete a job without sparing any effort, this is never true. Perhaps being a top student in primary or middle school did not take much effort or energy. Or perhaps you did not work as hard as your classmates and were still admitted into a university. Every person's life includes many troubles therefore it is important to both work as hard as possible and be prepared for life's difficulties. 译文：这幅照片抓住了雅典奥运会上的一幕，当刘翔向110米跨栏的终点冲去的时候，全世界的人都在激动万分地注视着他。他的精神和意志鼓舞了所有人，而且向世人展示了当一个人拼尽全力时能带来多大的收获。
生命是一个不断奋斗的过程，没有人可以不劳而获。当一个人全力以赴时就意味着他无所畏惧。能下定决心，坚定不移地朝一个既定目标奋进是一种宝贵的品质。梦想一日没实现，就一日不止步。 每个人都应具有这种坚韧不拔的精神，因为如果不拼尽全力，就会一无所获。例如，清华大学的一位食堂师傅在托福考试中获得满分，那是他用勤奋和自律换来的。不管你现在面对什么样的任务，是在复习备考，还是为事业而奋斗，你都必须竭尽全力，因为只有这样才能获得成功。
尽管有人可能会认为一个人不用那么全力以赴也能完成一件工作，但这是不正确的。也许你没费多大劲就在中小学拔尖，又或许你没有像同班同学那样努力也考进了大学。每个人的生命中都充满艰难险阻，所以你必须随时准备面对困难，并为之努力工作。
范文2：
The photo depicts an exciting scene: the famous athlete Liu Xiang striding forward in the Olympics Games in Athens. Determination is universally regarded asa highly praised quality. It is neither genius nor extraordinary ability that gives us power to deal with and overcome whatever hardship one is confronted with. It is this kind of spirit that enables us to endure the difficult moments and attain our goals.
The determined spirit gives us light when we are in dark moments and encourages when we are frustrated. With this quality, no enemy can overwhelm us, and noobstacles can stand in our way. There are many examples of success being achieved solely through the strong will of the spirit. As in the picture, the athlete is running, with a determined spirit, towards the finishing line in order to obtain the gold medal, considered as the symbol of success for any sportsman. It is determination that leads to success.
It is not easy to cultivate this determined spirit. To do this, we must establish a firm faith in our actions and be ready to devote ourselves to them. We must boldly go through trials and hardships to train our will so as to get rid of the weak points of our moral character. Around us, there are quite a few people with this intense determination and spirit and set a good example for us to follow.
译文：
这幅照片描绘了一个动人的画面：著名运动员刘翔在雅典奥林匹克赛场上奋力拼搏。拼搏精神作为一种很高的素质得到了广泛的赞扬。在解决和克服摆在我们面前的难题的时候，
拼搏精神给了我们力量，但它并不是与生俱来的卓越品质。正是这种精神使我们能够战胜困难，达到目的。
拼搏精神在黑暗中给我们以光明，在挫折中给我们以勇气。有了这种精神，任何敌人都不能打垮我们，任何困难都不能阻挡我们。有许多例子可以证明，具有拼搏精神才能成功。就像照片中所描绘的，一名运动员正朝终点奋力奔跑，力夺金牌，因为金牌是所有运动员成功的象征。正是这种拼搏精神指引我们走向成功之路。
培养拼搏精神不是一件简单的事情。为此我们必须树立坚定的信念，并且准备为之献身。我们必须大胆地经受考验，克服困难，磨练意志，从而消除我们性格中的弱点。在我们周围，有好多这样具有拼搏精神的人们， 为我们树立了良好的榜样。
九、
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the picture,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life. 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
The scene above depicts multiple rows of students in the midst of a graduation ceremony. Their academic caps and gowns signify that they have successfully completed their courses and are preparing to enter into society. The hand in the foreground holds two small screws, implying that such students are the screws that hold society together and ensure it functions properly. Such an analogy encourages us to consider our purpose and place in life. While many people harbor grand desires to improve and change their respective communities and countries, not a single unit could stay together without the screws that hold things in place. Success, therefore, depends on the smaller tools, or pieces, that keep structures from tumbling. Just as screws are the small yet essential objects that strengthen and sustain, we should strive to steadily support the society we live and work within. Without our earnest efforts, communities could not be so securely maintained.
The screws also promote a particular sense of perspective. Human society is vast and seemingly boundless, and it also important to be modest. Regardless of how great one's achievements may be, one is still only a single screw in the large machinery. But if you must be a screw, be a strong and shining one!
译文：
上图描述了在一次毕业典礼上的几排学生。他们的学位帽和学位服证明他们已经成功地完成了学业，正准备踏入社会。前景中有只手高举着两只小螺丝钉，这象征着这些学生也会做为社会的螺丝钉——连结起整个社会并使它正常运转。
这个比喻促使我们思考自己的人生目标和定位。虽然很多人心怀增进民生、改变祖国的宏伟抱负，但如果没有“螺丝钉”来使事物各就其位，那一切将会是一盘散沙。所以，成功依赖于那些稳固住整体结构不动摇的小工具、小零件。螺丝钉虽小，但却是巩固和支撑所不可缺少的，我们也要像它一样努力为我们工作、生活其中的社会提供稳固的支持。没有我们严肃认真的支持，社会就不会正常维持下去。 螺丝钉还赋予我们一种从整体出发来看问题的意识。人类的社会生活是广阔的，仿佛无边无际，所以心怀谦虚是很重要的。无论一个人做出多大的成就，他也只是社会大机器中的一颗螺丝钉，而既然你必须是一颗螺丝钉，那就做一个结实而闪闪发亮的螺丝钉吧！
范文2：
As can be seen in the picture, there are two screws in a hand in front of college graduates and tutors. It is widely accepted that a screw will devote itself to whatever it is needed to do and wherever it is put. The idea that graduates are superior because they have received higher education should be discarded.
It goes without saying that every graduate has his own choices regarding his own interests and likes. It is true that graduates will often pursue careers that are not the most ideal. Even though sometimes there may be many unexpected surprises, the love to the country must be put ahead of the love for oneself. Chairman Mao said: “Even if we achieve gigantic successes in our work, there is no reason whatsoever to feel conceited and arrogant.” The graduates who have mastered a lot of knowledge should lend a hand with work wherever they are needed. A screw can be used as a metaphor, because it does not care about difficulties or payment.
Thus, graduates should devote themselves and contribute to the country wherever needed. No matter how difficult the living and working conditions are, no matter how much they are paid, and even if they have to sacrifice themselves, they should put what they have learned in school into practice to serve the country.
译文：
从这幅照片中，我们看到在即将毕业的大学生和老师面前，一只手高高举起两颗螺丝钉。众所周知，无论一颗螺丝钉被放到哪里，被用来做什么，它总是甘于奉献，无怨无悔。认为大学生获得了高等教育就高人一等的想法应该摒弃。
毋庸讳言，每个大学生针对自己的兴趣和爱好都有自己的人生选择。可事实上，好多大学生从事的并不是他们心目中理想的职业。尽管有时现实捉弄于人，但对祖国的爱应高于个人的爱。毛主席曾经说过：“尽管我们在工作中取得了巨大的胜利，但也没有理由骄傲和自大。”掌握丰富知识的大学生应该放下架子，哪里需要就在哪里干。螺丝钉就是一种象征，因为它既不怕困难，又不求索取。
因此，无论哪里需要，大学生都应该勇于奉献并对国家做出贡献。无论生活和工作条件多么艰苦，不计收入高低，甚至牺牲自己的生命，他们都应该把在校学到的知识服务于社会。
十、
Directions:
Study the following set of cartoons carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoons,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life. 美丽不是表面的 范文1：
In the above cartoons, a young woman happily eats bananas and casually discards the peels on the street, unaware of the fact that such actions not only pollute the environment but also pose a danger to others. In the next illustration adisabled man struggles to properly dispose of the trash she has left behind. Despite the girl's youth and beauty, it is the disabled man who is truly beautiful. True beauty comes from one's actions rather than one's appearance. While most of us enjoy pretty appearances, it is more important to cultivate a clean and beautiful soul. Only such souls can create a genuinely beautiful society.
Chinese traditionally uphold the virtues of modesty, generosity, broadmindedness, and politeness. Confucian teachings such as: “do not do to others as you would not want done to you” and “one should be delighted to hear criticism,” are wise and worthwhile. If people embody these teachings our society can only improve and progress.
The thoughts of great minds like Confucius are also worth studying. His writings set fine and noble examples for us to follow. Another proverb thus comes to mind: in the company of three one always can find a teacher. We should always be willing and able to learn from those around us.
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
译文：
在上面的漫画里，一个年轻女子愉快地吃着香蕉，然后随手就把香蕉皮扔到了街上——丝毫没顾及到这样的举动不仅会污染环境，还会给他人带来危险。而在接下来的那幅图中，一位残疾人艰难地把她扔下的垃圾清理掉了。虽然这个女孩年轻貌美，但真正美的是那位残疾人。真正的美是出自行动而不是外表。 虽然我们每个人都喜欢漂亮的外貌，但更重要的是培养纯净、美丽的心灵，只有这样的心灵才能创造出真正美好的社会。
中国自古推崇谦逊、宽宏、心胸开阔和以礼待人的美德。孔夫子的教导：“己所不欲，勿施于人”、“闻过则喜”是明智的并值得我们遵循。如果人们把这些箴言都落实到生活中，那么我们的社会就会得到改善和进步。
大思想家孔子的思想是值得我们学习的。他的著述给我们留下了杰出、高尚的楷模让我们效仿。另一句谚语又浮现在我的脑海里：“三人行，必有我师”。我们必须随时愿意和能够向周围的人们学习。
范文2：
In the cartoon, a young, welldressed girl thew a banana peel onto the ground instead of the garbage bin. Afterwards an old, disabled man put it into the garbage bin.
Being well dressed is of great importance in keeping a good appearance. The way a person is dressed helps him to have a good appearance, which conveys his confidence and attitudes towards life. However, we should always bear this in mind: don't judge a person by his appearance. One's confidence and good impression on others does not usually develop from the way one dresses or looks, but the inner qualities one possesses. Because of this, the old man is displaying a more beautiful virtue even though he is disabled and somewhat ugly physically compared with the young girl.
No doubt beauty usually refers to what appeals to the eyes. A nice, pretty girl is regarded as beautiful. A bunch of vigorous flowers are also considered as beautiful. A splendid waterfall coming down from a mountain is as well looked upon as beautiful. However, beauty also refers to what appeals to the mind. The virtues of the Chinese people are regarded as beautiful, because they have helped to produce such a magnificent culture in the world. In a word, we should not only pay attention to our physical appearance, but also improve our heart and soul.
译文：
漫画中描绘了一个穿着入时的女孩把香蕉皮随手丢弃在地上，而不是把它放入垃圾桶内。之后，一位年长的残疾人把它拾起放入了垃圾桶.穿着漂亮固然能够展现美丽的外表。一个人的穿着方式有助于其拥有漂亮的外表，这体现了一个人对生活的信心和态度。然而，我们应该始终记住这样的原则：不以貌取人。一个人的自信和良好的形象往往不只在于她的长相和穿着，而在于她的内在品质。正因如此，这位拥有高尚道德的长者看起来要比这位时髦女孩更加美丽，尽管他有残疾而他的外表也比不上这位年轻的女孩。 毫无疑问，美丽是指那些吸引人们目光的东西。一个漂亮迷人的女孩是美丽，一束盛开的鲜花同样是美丽，一个壮观的瀑布从山上飞流直下也是美丽。然而，美丽还指那些能够吸引人们思想的东西。中华民族的传统美德是美丽，因为正是这样的美德才孕育了世界上如此灿烂的文化。一言以蔽之，我们不仅要只注意自己的外表，同时也要使我们的心灵得到升华。
十一、
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) support your view with examples. 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
Groups of bees work together to produce honey. Their great efforts are not selfish, however, as the amount of honey they produce is for an entire group rather than a single individual.
The drawing above suggests that people should selflessly dedicate themselvesto their community as a whole. This spirit of dedication requires faith. Selfless hard work is an embodiment of responsibility and strength.
The health of nations requires a spirit of devotion. Chinese teachers, doctors and athletes who all work for the benefit of their country, for example, aredevoting themselves regardless of fame or fortune. They are dedicated to the society they live within. No matter what type of job one holds, one should work hard and in earnest to improve one's community. The results of dedication, however, depend not only on one's willingness to give but also on one's ability. If you are enthusiastic about devoting yourself to your country, but do not have the skills it takes to do so, you cannot effect much change. The more competent, one is, the greater one's contribution. Therefore, it is essential that students focus on their studies and enhance their skills in order to properly give back to society.
译文：
成群结队的蜜蜂在一起酿蜜，它们付出这样大的辛劳并不是为自己，而是因为它们酿出的蜜可以为整个群体而非个人所享用。
上面的这幅画启发人们应该无私地把自己奉献给整个社会。奉献精神要求人们拥有信念，忘我的工作是责任和力量的化身。
国家的兴旺需要奉献精神。例如我国的教师、医生或是运动员，他们都在为祖国利益而操劳，他们奉献出自己不是为了出名或得利。 他们献身于自己的社会。不管一个人从事什么样的工作，他都应该为了改善社会而努力积极地工作。
但一个人的奉献所能取得的成效，并不仅仅只取决于他乐于奉献，还取决于他自身的能力。如果你满腔热忱地想献身于祖国，但却没有所需的技能，那你也不会做出大的贡献。一个人的能力越大，那他能做出的贡献就越大。所以，对学生来说最主要的是要把注意力集中到学习上，增强自己的技能，以待有朝一日能以适当的方式报效社会。
范文2：
We can see from the drawing, a swarm of bees flying here and there busily working to produce honey, which will be enjoyed by human beings rather than themselves.
Human beings show more respect to bees than to other animals, not for their diligence, but for their dedication to others. We live in a materialistic society and are trained from our earliest years to be greedy. We are taught early on to be materialistic and taught to consider things, or to be exact, money, “mine” or “yours”. It seems impossible to live in the modern society without money. Money is even regarded as a symbol of wealth and social position. There is a saying that goes, “money makes a mare go.” People seem to look more highly upon ones' possession of money rather than one's dedication to society.
Some people pursue their own personal benefits at the cost of others. Some people always ask for payment after their “dedication”. Dedication and expecting nothing in return is the highest level of devotion. Lei Feng's spirit of dedication is such a typical example. Bees produce honey as a result of their hard work to the human beings without asking for any repayment. That is why we respect bees. Dedication can bring us happiness and a sense of fulfillment. One who devotes himself to society and people will have a lot of enjoyment from the process of dedication.
译文：
我们从这幅画中可以看到，一群蜜蜂飞来飞去忙着采蜜，它们不是为了自己享受，而是为了给人类酿造甜美的蜂蜜。比起其他动物人们更加尊重蜜蜂，不是因为它们的勤劳，而是因为它们的奉献精神。我们生活在一个物质社会，从小就受到了贪婪索取的训练。早期物质方面的教育使我们从小就对 “你的”和“我的”东西，或者具体一点，也就是金钱，泾渭分明。在当今社会，没有钱是不能生存的。金钱甚至被看作是财富和社会地位的象征。俗话说，“有钱能使鬼推磨。”人们似乎更看中一个人财富的多少，而不是这个人对社会贡献的大小。
有些人为了追求自己的利益而不惜牺牲他人的利益。有些人在所谓的“奉献”过后总是索取回报。只奉献不求索取才是奉献的最高境界。雷锋的奉献精神就是一个典型的例子。蜜蜂用它们的辛勤劳动为人类酿造了甜美的蜂蜜，却从不求索取，不图回报。这正是人们尊重蜜蜂的原因。奉献能给我们带来幸福和成就感。奉献于社会和人民的那些人也一定会从奉献中得到极大的快乐。
十二、
Directions:
Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the cartoon,
2) interpret its meaning, and
3) point out its implications in our life.范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
In the black and white drawing above, a youth gravely contemplates a narrow winding path heading into a forest. Perhaps he thinks that his own future may be much like this path; full of bends and curves, thorns and traps. The road to success is never anything but uneven and difficult.
In fact, one could even say that the more successful one's life is, the more problems and hardships one must have overcome. The ability to work through difficult situations and unfortunate events only makes one stronger and more capable. Given that the road to happiness always contains obstacles and setbacks, we should be well prepared for the hardships that life inevitably brings, and abandon the idea that life is smooth or easy. We must accept the fact that failures are unavoidable, whether they are failures in examinations, in finding a job, or carrying out a task. People who accept that their life will not always be simple or calm are better able to handle problems when they arise. Those who are upset by each and every small setback — and there are many people with such attitudes— do not have much potential. Failure is mother to success as it can strengthen one's will. Those who can draw lessons from failure are destined for success.
译文：
在上面黑白的图画中，一个年轻人严肃地凝望着前方蜿蜒曲折通向森林的小路。也许他想到了自己的未来就像这条小路一样，充满曲折、荆棘和陷阱。通向成功之路从来都是艰辛和不平坦的。
事实上，甚至可以说一个人的人生越成功，那他必须战胜的艰难和困苦就会越多。在困境和不幸中奋进的能力，只会让一个人更坚强，更有才干。既然通向幸福的道路总是会有障碍和挫折的话，那么我们就应该为生命中无法避免的艰难做好充分准备，而放弃认为生命意味着平稳和安逸的想法。我们必须接受这个事实——失败是不可避免的，而无论它是考试失利、求职受挫还是工作失败。人们如果承认他们的生活并不总是单纯和平静的，他们就会在问题出现的时候处理得更好，而那些出现一点挫折就心烦意乱的人——很多人持有这样的生活态度——没有太大的潜力。失败是成功之母在于它能增强一个人的意志。那些能从失败中吸取教训的人是注定会成功的。
范文2：
It is everyone's wish to have things go their way. Yet the journey throughlife is not always the case and we should be prepared for the twists and turns it offers us. This is certainly the case as shown in the cartoon.
Twists and turns are a part of life and setbacks often happen. For many reasons, we often have to encounter failure in a complex society. No one can avoid or escape these unexpected changes in our daily lives; however, failure may be aroute toward success. This causes us to reflect about what happened and as a result we build up and accumulate experience. We are then more likely to come up with a possible solution, and so twists and turns can turn into treasures. Edison,for instance, the inventor of the electric light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed before he came up with the right one. In general it is failure that encourages us to work harder which eventually leads to success.
Twists and turns in life are unavoidable and are not always bad. We should have a more optimistic view on life and try to make the most of it and draw lessons from the bumps and turns along the way.
译文：
每个人都希望生活一帆风顺。但是，人生旅途并非永远如此，正像画中所描绘那样，我们应该对生活中的曲折和坎坷做好准备。这正是这幅图画所描述的。挫折与坎坷也是生活中的一部分，逆境时有发生。出于许多原因，在复杂的社会中我们经常要面对失败。没有人能够避免和逃脱日常生活不期而遇的变故。然而，失败往往是通向成功之路。因为失败会引发我们更多的思考，我们也会因此而积累更多的经验。之后，我们就会更容易地找到解决问题的方法。因此,挫折与坎坷也是人生的财富。例如，电灯的发明者爱迪生在他成功之前曾经经历过成百上千次的失败。总的来说，正是失败才使我们加倍努力工作，最后取得成功。
人生中的挫折与坎坷是不可避免的，但它们并非总是坏事。我们应该用更加乐观的态度对待生活，并充分加以利用，从挫折中吸取教训。
十三、
Directions:
Study the following picture carefully and write an essay in which you should 1） describe the picture,
2） interpret its meaning, and
3） make a comment on the phenomena. 范文1：
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
As autumn winds blow, leaves fall. Having separated from a tree, leaves decompose into the earth and eventually return to a tree's original roots. Hence the saying: “fallen leaves are destined to return to the root.”
The picture above depicts the motion of leaves towards the root, which in turn can be interpreted as the intense bond Chinese feel towards their motherland.
More and more overseas Chinese are returning or have already returned to China. Despite the length of time they have spent abroad, or regardless of the life they may have lead, they are often disposed to return to their roots, to come home. It is commonly said that blood is thicker than water. Because they are grateful for their homeland's nourishment and support, they return to contribute to the construction of their country with the knowledge, experience and wealth acquired abroad. This inclination is an expression of people's attachment to, and love of, their homeland. Patriotism is a prevailing emotion among the overseas Chinese. The Chinese still living in China should also cherish and love their country, and give back with their knowledge and actions in order to cultivate the country's present and future.
译文：秋风萧萧，落叶凋零。从树上飘落后，落叶在土壤里腐烂，最终又返回到了树根里。因此谚语说：“叶落归根”。上面这幅图描绘了树叶向根部落去。这也可以比喻为中华儿女内心感受到的对祖国的深深眷恋。 越来越多的海外华人已经或即将返回祖国，无论他们在海外生活了多久，过的是什么样的生活，他们总是要回到他们的根，即回家。人们常说：血浓于水。因为他们感谢祖国对他们的养育和支持，他们贡献出自己在国外获得的知识、经验和财产回来建设祖国。这种趋势是人们对祖国的忠诚和依恋的流露。爱国主义是海外华人的主流情感。国内的中华儿女也应该珍视和热爱祖国，用自己的知识和行动回报祖国，为了建设好祖国的今天和未来。
范文2：
The picture conveys a strong patriotic meaning. It portrays a common natural phenomenon: when autumn arrives, leaves from trees will fall to the ground. The fallen leaves will not abandon the tree that they came from. On the contrary, the leaves fall down around the tree in order to cultivate the tree's roots, which symbolize one's motherland.
Patriotism implies a love for one's mother country. It is the noblest of human sentiments. Every citizen should possess some spirit of patriotism. Patriotism, however, is not to be testified by the tongue; it should be manifested in action. With this definite object in view,
one must do his best for his motherland, and, at any moment, be ready to make sacrifices for her. The man who possesses such will is a real patriot at heart.
Patriotism may be shown in various ways: soldiers display it by fighting for or defending their country; scientists express it by doing constant research work so that more advanced technology can be introduced and utilized in the construction of their motherland; those overseas demonstrate it by doing whatever they can to help their motherland and fall into its embrace without hesitation whenever they are needed.
The true patriot desires righteousness and uprightness for one's own land. He puts love of his country before the love of himself, and is willing to makeany sacrifice for it.
译文：
图片表达了一种强烈的爱国主义情怀。它描绘了一个非常普通的自然现象：秋天来临，落叶归根。落叶不会远离大树而去，相反，它们落在树的周围来滋养大树的根基，树根象征着祖国母亲。
爱国主义意味着人们对祖国的热爱。它是人类最高尚的情感。每一个公民都应当具有爱国主义精神。爱国主义不能停留在口头上，而应当落实在行动上。有了这个明确的目标，人们必须尽力报效祖国并时刻准备为祖国牺牲一切。在内心里具有这样精神的人才是真正的爱国主义者。爱国主义表现在各个方面：士兵的爱国主义精神体现在为保卫祖国而战；科学家的爱国主义精神体现在孜孜不倦的科研工作，把更先进的技术引进并应用在祖国的建设中；海外华人的爱国主义精神则体现在尽其最大努力帮助建设自己的祖国，并且在祖国需要的时候毫不犹豫地投入祖国母亲的怀抱。
真正的爱国主义者对自己的祖国是正直无私和忠心耿耿的。他把祖国的利益放在个人利益之上，并且为了祖国的利益甘愿牺牲自己的一切。
十四、
Directions：
Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in which you should: 1) analyze the graph, and
2) give your comments on the trend.
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
范文1：In recent years there has been a dramatic rise in the cell phones, which are now essential to millions of people as a convenient form of communication. In 2004 the number reached 315,000,000, with an average annual increase at 57,500,000.
Some people can now no longer imagine life without their cell phones. The fact that they are so popular proves that they are useful and convenient. Cell phones enable people to easily and quickly communicate with one another; wherever you are, you can instantly reach somebody. Cell phones eliminate the trouble of not being able to meet someone in person, and therefore increase business's efficiency.
Mobile phones necessarily also harbor disadvantages. The radiation such phones emit is hazardous to one's health. Furthermore, if people become too reliant on the use of cell phones, our face to face skills may decline. Any new invention has its drawbacks, and such negative aspects cannot always diminish its popularity. Despite the negative effects of television, for example, the number of people who own televisions continues to grow at a tremendous rate. This is also the case with mobile phones. People won't stop eating just because of the risk ofchoking. In addition, the swift development of science and technology will likely eliminate the hazards cell phones may cause. One can safely predict, therefore, that with the introduction of new techniques, mobile phones will have more applications and become even more appealing to customers. 译文：近年来，手机有了飞速的增长。对数以百万计的人来说，作为最便捷的通讯工具手机是生活中必不可少的。到2004年，手机的数量达到3.15亿，平均每年增长了5750万用户。
有些人现在已经无法设想没有了手机的生活会是什么样子。手机如此普及的事实证明了它们的实用和方便。手机使人们能够简单快捷地相互沟通，无论身处何地，都能马上联系上。手机解决了需要交流时却无法见面的问题，因而也增加了商业活动的效率。使用手机也不可避免地存在弊端。手机发出的辐射对
健康不利。而且，如果人们过于依赖手机，那么我们面对面交往的能力会下降。每个新发明都有它的缺点，但这些消极方面并不会影响它的普及。比如电视，尽管有很多负面作用，但拥有电视的人数还是继续以极高的速度增长。这种情况也适用于手机。人们不会因噎废食。而且，科技的飞速发展有希望消除使用手机所带来的风险。所以，可以有把握地预言，随着新技术的采用，手机会有更广的用途，而且会对消费者更有吸引力。
范文2：As is shown in the chart, cell phones are becoming more and more popular within China. In 2000, the number of cell phones in use was 85,260,000; in 2001, the number was 180,000,000; in 2002 206,600,000; in 2003 269,000,000. In 2004, the number is 315,000,000. From these statistics, we can see the increasing use of cell phones.
Why have cell phones gained so much dominance in our lives? There are many factors contributing to this development. Firstly, a cell phone has no wires and can be carried everywhere easily. It is smart. If you need to ring someone, you can just dial a number and the phone will connect you to the right person. It can be a great help for you to be connected with the world. Secondly, a cell phone is something wonderful that we can have fun with: news, games, music and chat through sending short messages. Thirdly, the drop in price and the simultaneous improvement in the functions have made it possible for an average person to make use of a cell phone. The wide use of cell phones has made them more and more indispensable in people's daily life. The many functions of the cell phone have made certain people reluctant to separate themselves from their cell phone.
译文：这个图表向我们展示了手机在中国变得越来越普遍。在2000年，全中国的手机使用量为8526万部；2001年为1.8亿；2002年为2.066亿；2003年为2.69亿； 2004年的手机使用量迅速增加到3.55亿。从这些数据中我们可以看到手机使用量在逐渐增长。
为什么手机会成为我们生活中的主导？有许多因素促成了它的发展。首先，手机可以无线通话，并且携带方便。它很灵巧。如果你想打电话，只须按键，就能与对方通话。它为你与世界沟通提供了巨大的帮助。其次，我们可以从手机中获取很多乐趣，比如，看新闻，玩游戏，听音乐，发短信聊天。最后，手机迅速降价，同时其功能迅速改进，使得普通人都使用。
手机的广泛应用，使它已成为人们日常生活中越来越不可或缺的一部分。手机的广泛功能使得一些人几乎离不开手机了。
五、 Directions:
幽默感： 1） 谈谈你对幽默感的认识；
2） 阐述如何培养幽默感。
You should write about 160—200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
范文1：What is humor? It is not the performances of a clown who attempts to entertain others, nor is it simply making fun of others. Humor is the wisdom and resourcefulness that can alleviate an awkward situation. Life inevitably brings disappointments, setbacks, and failures. If our endurance in the midst of frustrations is not sound, anxiety and panic can overtake us. If one has a sense of humor, however, one can mentally adapt to the changing conditions in a wise and healthy manner.
Humor can reduce distress and unhappiness by creating a pleasant and friendly atmosphere. While stiff expressions make others uncomfortable, smiles and wit can soften anger, relieve depression, and comfort a broken heart. Humor can foster better communication and understanding, and therefore not only brings happiness to oneself, but also, and perhaps more importantly, gratifies others. A sense of humor can certainly increase one's popularity.
Humor can clearly be of much help to our work, study, and life as it is beneficial to our physical and mental health. Not everyone one has an innate sense of humor, however. A sense of humor is usually acquired in relation to others. In order to develop a sense of humor, one must have an open mind and the ability to deal with unpleasant events and people. Humor also requires a broad spectrum of knowledge and optimistic thinking.
译文：什么是幽默？它不是小丑企图取悦别人的表演，也不仅仅是拿别人来寻开心。幽默是缓和尴尬局面的智慧和机智。生活中避免不了失望、挫折和失败，如果我们承受挫折的忍耐力不够，焦虑和恐慌就会主导我们的身心。但如果一个人有幽默感，他就能用一种明智而健康的方式在心理上适应变化的环境。 幽默通过创造一种愉快而友好的气氛来减轻不幸和苦恼。僵硬的表达让别人不舒服，微笑和机智却能熄灭怒火、减轻沮丧、抚慰绝望。幽默能促进更好的沟通和理解，因而不仅把快乐带给自身，而且更重要的还能让别人感到高兴。幽默感确实能提高一个人受欢迎的程度。
因为幽默有益于我们的身心健康，所以对我们的生活、工作、学习无疑都大有帮助。但没有人是生来就有幽默感的。幽默感通常是在人际交往中形成的。为了培养幽默感，一个人必须有开放的心胸和接受不愉快的事物的能力。幽默还需要有宽广的知识面和乐观的心态。
范文2：A sense of humor is universally considered the most valuable asset in our
personality. It is born within every person's heart, but it has to be cultivated.A person without
a sense of humor is just like a spring without flowers or a dish without seasoning. In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humor.
Humor can enhance physical as well as mental wellbeing. It helps us bare our burdens, reduce tension, helps us overcome our frustrations, relax our muscles, and dissolve countless trifles and irritations offered by daytoday life.
With the cracking of a joke, all of our worries and sadness disappear like mist and we are full of vigor once again. Besides, humor helps us live in harmony with others. With it you can always stay on good terms with others.
One way to cultivate a sense of humor is to have a wide range of knowledge about many topics so that the slightest differences in meaning of a joke can be fully understood; otherwise we would be simply at a loss in such a situation. Another crucial point in developing a sense of humor is to have a rich imagination. Nothing can be worse than the lack of imagination to kill an otherwise funny joke.
A sense of humor is one of the ways in which we relax and recreate ourselves. The things we find humorous may vary, but to have a sense of humor is very important and should be cultivated to get the most out of life.
译文：
幽默感被公认为是人的性格中最有价值的私有财产。它是与生俱来的，但也需要后天的培养。一个人如果没有幽默感就像春天没有花朵，一盘菜没有调料。从某种意义来说，你的个性来自于你的幽默感。 幽默能够提高我们的身心素质。它能够帮助我们减轻压力、缓解紧张、笑对挫折、放松身体、化解日常生活中的琐事和愤怒，它能化干戈为玉帛。随着一声玩笑，所有的苦恼、悲伤和疲劳都会烟消云散，让我们再次充满了生机和活力。此外，幽默还有助于我们与他人和睦相处。有了它,你就会时常与他人保持良好关系。
培养幽默感的一个途径是众多的话题都要有广博的知识，往往幽默是在细微之处见精神，只有拥有广博的知识才能懂得幽默；否则，我们在面对别人的幽默时就会不知所措。另外，培养幽默感时，同样关键的一点是要有丰富的想象力。缺乏想象力则会置幽默于死地。
幽默感是我们放松和娱乐的途径之一。 幽默可能因事而异，但至关重要的是要有幽默感，而且应该积极培养之，以期生活更加丰富多彩。
考研英语写作黄金范文 一. 主题句作文 范文1
Title: Dictionary
(1) The dictionary is a living teacher.
(2) Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries. (3) But you should have one thing in mind. Dictionary
The dictionary is living teacher. Whenever you come across a new word, just consult it and you will get a clear definition from it. Every student, no matter attending school or self-taught, should always have a dictionary at hand. As a study aid, it is convenient, inexpensive and allknowing.
Skills will develop with your constant use of various dictionaries The more you use them, the more familiar you will become with them. Sooner or later, you will be quite skilled in finding the page, scanning the entries and locating the exact meaning of the new words.
But you should have one thing mind. As a language student, you should never depend too much on dictionaries. Basic language skills do not come from dictionaries, but from your practice. For some extensive reading, for example, you need not account to a dictionary every time you encounter a new word, you could just guess the meaning and skip it. Learn the language by listening, speaking, reading and writing more, and that is the only way to the mastery of a language.
译文 字典
字典是一个活老师。当你遇到新的单词时，可以查字典你会找到非常清楚的定义。不论是在校学习还是自学，每个学生都应该手头准备一本字典。作为一个学习工具，字典非常方便、便宜而且知识全面。 经常使用各种字典你的查字典能力就能够提高。用的次数越多，你就会越熟练。你会非常熟练地找到需要的页面，浏览目录并快速找到你需要的字。
但是你需要记住一件事情。作为学语言的学生，不能太依赖字典。语言技能不是从字典中来，而是通过不断的练习。比如在泛读时，你不需要一遇到生词就查字典而是通过猜测它的意思并跳过它。通过听说
读写的练习来学习语言，只有这样你才能真正掌握一门语言。
范文2 Directions:
Title: Help Children to Be Independent The topic sentence is provided as follows:
(1) Today in China, many families have only one child. (2) There are some ways to help children to be independent. (3) To be independent is good for the children You should write 160-200 words. Help Children to Be Independent
Today in China, many families have only one child. So the children usually doted upon by all family members. Gradually some of them get used to depending on their parents and lack the ability to solve problems independently.
There are some ways to help children to be independent. Firstly, the child should have a chance to see the world around him. He must understand that therere various competitions in this world, and everyone can find his right position in the society only by individual efforts. Secondly, the parents should give the child enough help to make him feel comfortable. Its impossible to ask a child not to depend on parents at once. A child needs help from the beginning. Without any help, the child may lose his faith. Thirdly, parents should let his child make decisions, which can temper his ability to deal with problems. A child should be praised when he is successful or when he fails.
To be independent is good for the children, because no parents can accompany the children for the whole life. It is the child himself who is responsible for her own fate. Only an independent person can live and succeed in this world.
译文
帮助孩子独立起来
现今的中国，很多家庭都是独生子女家庭。所以孩子受到了所有家庭成员的宠爱。渐渐地他们习惯了依赖父母，缺乏了独立解决问题的能力。
有一些方法可以帮助孩子独立起来。第一，孩子应该有机会认识身边的世界。他必须知道世界上有各种各样的竞争，只有通过个人的努力才能找到自己的位置。第二，父母应该给他们提供帮助。开始的时候孩子都需要帮助，离开了父母的帮助他们会失去方向。第三，父母应该让孩子做决定，以此来锻炼他们处理问题的能力。当孩子成功或失败时他们都需要鼓励。
独立对于孩子是有利的。因为父母不能陪伴他们一辈子。他们要对自己的命运负责。只有独立的人才能够在这世界生存并取得成功。
二. 提纲作文 范文1 Directions:
A. Title: Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents B. Word Limit: 160-200 words
C.Your composition should be based on the Outline given below:
1. every day, thousands of people died from traffic accident in the world. 2. a.Drivers pay no attention to their driving behavior.
b.the whole society indulgent towards the peace breaker, too much traffic in both the city and the countryside.
3.make laws and regulations to prevent accidents. Only Stricter Traffic Laws Can Prevent Accidents
Though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we cites the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motorcar! It is a neverending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people in the world are killed or horribly mutilated each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen. It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motorcar often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steeringwheel. They are illmannered and aggressive, willful as twoyear olds and utterly selfish.
The surprising thing is that society smiles so benignly on the motorist and seems to condone his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten. It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate.
译文
只有制定更严格的法律才能防止事故发生
尽管现在幸福和长寿比以前更容易得到，但每天却有很多人丧身车轮。人和车的冲突永无止境，人却是受害者。世界上每年都有成千上万的人死于车祸，我们再也不能坐视不管。
有一种说法我认为是对的，每当人们手握方向盘的时候，他们的个性就显露出来了。勿容置疑汽车将人们的恶性显露出来。平时安静的人一开车马上变得让人认不出。他们变得具有攻击性，极度自私，像两岁孩子一样任性。
令人惊奇的是人们对于肇事者的态度十分纵容。为他们提供了各种便利条件。由于严重的交通拥挤，城市几乎变得不适合认居住。乡村也被各种公路网所污染。大量的交通死亡人数也只不过是一些数字，被人们所遗忘。
我们必须要建立一种世界制度来制止这种对生命的扼杀。一些国家关于驾驶的法律太松懈，甚至最严酷的法律也是那么无力。被普遍接受的世界制度对于降低事故率只会有利。
范文2
There is a heated discussion on airWrite an essay to the newspaper
1) giving a brief introduction to the issue. 2) stating your view about the \"price battle\3) justifying your prediction. You should write 160-200 words.
With the rapid advances in the living standard of the Chinese people in recent years, airconditioners have joined other household electrical appliances as items in great demand. However, output has far exceeded supply, as manufacturers have scrambled for sales in this profitable market. As a result, fierce competition has driven them to resort to all sorts of measures to pull ahead of their rivals and avoid going bankrupt.
These measures include aggressive advertising campaigns, offering a free gift with every purchase of an airconditioner, and most important of all, lowering prices. Price wars are a common phenomenon whenever supply outstrips demand in a freemarket economy, and Chinas newly liberalized economy is no exception. Nevertheless, I do not think we will see a repeat of the recent price war in the airconditioner market in the future
I have three reasons for my prediction. The first is that the earlier round of pricecutting eliminated the lessefficient manufacturers from the industry; so there are fewer companies supplying the market. The second is that the government has taken measures to regulate the airconditioner market, eliminating the chaos that price wars entail. And the third is that with Chinas admission to the WTO, manufacturers will have to offer more attractive-not cheaper-products.
译文
随着近年来中国人民生活水平的快速提高，空调也同其他家用电器一样有了广大的市场。但是，产量远远超过了需求量，制造商只能在这一领域种挣扎。结果，激烈的竞争使得各个制造商采取了各种措施超过其竞争者而使自己免于破产。
这些措施包括大规模的广告，提供免费礼物，当然最重要的是降价。在供大于求的自由市场条件下，价格战是非常普遍的。中国也不例外。然而，我认为将来这种空调价格战不会再重演。
我有三个理由。第一，首轮的竞争已经淘汰了那些效率低下的制造商。所以市场上的供应将减少。第二，政府已经采取了措施来规范空调市场，消除了价格战的混乱。第三，中国加入WTO后，制造商只能靠提供更好的而不是最便宜的商品来赢得市场。
三. 规定情景作文 范文1
Directions: In the past people thought that education was only for young people. But now it is believed that education is for a lifelong progress. Do you agree or disagree?
conditioner \"price battle\" in a newspaper.
You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.
You should write 160-200 words.
Education is an indispensable part in ones life. It illuminates human knowledge and culture, improving the development of science and technology. In my point of view, education is not only for young people, it should be proceeding in peoples whole life.
For one reason, our society is developing at an amazing speed along with the improvement of science and technology. If people stop studying after graduation from university, they can not keep pace with the steps of social development and easy to be eliminated in the fierce competition. Take the IT as an example. The amount of information is increasing in a speed dozens of times faster than before. If a person does not learn the latest knowledge they would not be able to develop new technology and products. Therefore, a person should take a lifelong learning.
As the saying goes, “never too old to learn.” To keep up with the development of world, a person must study during his whole life. Otherwise, he will lag far behind the others.
译文
在人的一生中教育是不可分割的一部分。它承载了知识和文明，促进了科学技术的进步。在我看来，教育不尽属于年经人，而是一个一生的过程。
其中一个原因就是随着科学技术的不断进步，社会发展的速度也是惊人的。如果大学毕业后就停止学习，人们很难跟上社会发展的脚步，很容易在激烈的竞争中被淘汰。比如说IT技术。信息正在以以前几倍的速度增长。如果人们不学习最新的知识他们就不能发展新技术和产品。因此，人们应该终身学习。
正如谚语所说“活到老学到老“。为了跟随世界的脚步，人们必须终生学习，否则他们将落于人后。 范文2
Directions: Nowadays, young people tend to rush into independence. Many of them leave home to study or work while still in their teens. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. You should write 160-200 words.
It is very common for young people to rush into independence. Especially, many teenagers leave home to study or work on their own. I am of the opinion that this new trend has both advantages and disadvantages.
It goes without saying that earlier independence helps young people to better understand the people around them and the world as a whole. They can gather more valuable social experience for their future life and career. Moreover, living on their own enable the young people to face and overcome difficulties by themselves.
However, every coins has two sides, we cannot turn a blind eye to the unavoidable disadvantages of early independence. On one hand, people in their teens are still immature. They need proper protection to all the temptations and evils of society. On the other hand, they are inclined to allot their time and energy inappropriately, for they may have to spend the lions share of their time earning their own living.
To sum up, young people should think the advantages and disadvantages of early independence seriously before making the decision to leave home and face lifes challenges alone.
译文
现在年经人很早就开始追求独立了。特别是许多十几岁的青少年离开家独自在外学习和工作。我认为这种新的趋势既有利也有弊。
毫无疑问，早期的独立有利于年经人更好地理解周围的人和事。他们可以积累更多未来生活和工作非常宝贵的经验。而且，独立生活使得年经人可以独立面对和克服困难。
但是任何事情都有两方面，我们不能忽视早期独立不可避免的弊端。一方面，人在十几岁的时候一般还不成熟。面对社会上的各种诱惑和邪恶，他们需要适当的保护。另一方面，由于这些孩子年龄小，他们也不能合理地利用自己的时间。
总之，年经在决定离开家独自面对生活的挑战时应该慎重考虑早期独立的利与弊。 四. 图表作文 范文1 Directions:
Study the following graph carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) Interpret the graph. 2) Give your comments.
You should write 160-200 words neatly.
图表
What Jobs Do College Graduates Want To Do
College students have a clear idea about their future occupation and boys are to some extent different from girls in their choice as is seen from the graph.
The most striking contrast is in the occupation of teaching: 45% of girl students would like to become teachers after graduation whereas only 5% of boys want to do this job. What boys like to do most is to become managers (40%) and the second largest group is to be businessmen (30%). Girls also like to pursue these two professions, with a percentage of 15% and 25% respectively choosing these two jobs. 15% of boys want to become lawyers while 10% of girls preferring this profession.
Teaching is preferred by females as it provides a more regular and purer life. Womens patience also fits the job well. Boys consider working as scientists, managers, businessmen and lawyers more demanding and stimulating, so more boys want to show their talents in these fields. One thing worthy of note is that the numbers of girls wanting to do business is not small. This shows that girls also want to do the challenging and exciting jobs.
译文
大学生对于未来职业有很清楚的想法，从上表中可以看出男生和女生在一定程度上有所不同。 最大的区别是在对教师职业的选择：45%的女生愿意在毕业后从事教师职业，而只有5%的男生愿意从事这一职业。男生最喜欢的职业是管理人员(40%)，其次是生意人(30%)。女生也非常喜欢这两种职业，比例分别为为管理人员(15%)，生意人(25%)。有15%男生和10%女生毕业后愿意从事律师职业。
女生之所以选择教师职业，是因为这一职业更加稳定和单纯。女性的耐心也非常适合这个职业。男生认为科学家、管理人员、生意人和律师更加高要求和刺激，所以更多男生愿意在这些方面展示他们的才华。值得一提的是女生选择生意人的比例很高。这显示了女生也愿意做有挑战和刺激的工作。
范文2
Directions: the table below shows the information about the metro system in six cities. Write a descriptive essay. You should write 160-200 words.
LondonParisTokyoWashingtonLos AngelBeijing Year186318871904189520011980 Capacity
(million)5481,0781,4347098845 Distance110054614911412350
The above table describes the situation regarding underground transportation in London, Paris, Tokyo, Washington, Los Angel, and Beijing. The major cities founded their subway system in the 20th century, which was in Tokyo, Washington, and Paris. London firstly completed its underground work and began to operate in 1863. The latest time that Los Angel had had its subway was after 139 years.
London has the longest underground railway distance, which is almost a time than Paris. Tokyo, Washington and Los Angel have similar datum which are 149, 114 and 123 kilometer respectively. Beijing only contains 50 kilometers of route length.
Though the longest route is London, the most carrying capacity is Tokyos subway system. It carried about 1434 million passengers each year, while 548 million people in London at the same time. The figures in Washington are not achieved 100, only 70 each year. Beijing only carries 45 million people which is the lowest carrying capacity in all cities.
译文
上面的表格描述了伦敦、巴黎、东京、华盛顿、洛杉矶和北京这六个城市的地下铁交通情况。东京、华盛顿、伦敦这些大城市在20世纪就完成了地铁的建造。伦敦的地铁最早完工，并于1863年开始运行。最近的洛杉矶是在139年后才有了地铁。
伦敦的地铁线最长，几乎是巴黎的2倍。东京、华盛顿和洛杉矶的地铁长度差不多，分别为149公里、114公里和123公里。北京的地铁的长度只有50公里。
尽管伦敦的地铁线最长，但是东京地铁的载客量却是最大的。东京地铁每年的载客量为1434亿人，而伦敦仅548亿。华盛顿的载客量还没有达到100亿，只有70亿。北京地铁的载客量只有45亿，在所有城市中最低。
五. 图画作文 范文1 Directions:
How can we meet the needs of today without diminishing the capacity of future generations
to meet theirs? Sustainable development implies a broad view of human welfare, a long term perspective about social development. Write an essay which should cover:
1) describing the set of drawings below, 2) stating its main idea, and 3) giving your comment.
You should write about 160-200 words.
As can be seen from the above drawings, the father has planted a small tree that grows into a big one and is left to his son to enjoy. Years later, his son sits under the big tree enjoying its shade.
In social development, we should not over utilize our natural resources, as in the case of forests. A reasonable use of forests and reforestation are the best choices in the long run. Human beings should plan ahead when it comes to social development. Even though trees are in short demand today, we must still keep the deforestation under control, for we do not want to eliminate all of our forests, which are essential to our existence. Reforestation is another wise practice. We may not fully benefit from planting trees for the time being, but we must continue doing so, since it will benefit later generations.
From the point of view of sustainable development, we have the responsibility to ensure that future generations have enough natural resources to use and are not penalized for the
shortsightedness of present day decision makers. In other words, we should not use up our natural resources just to meet our own present day needs, while ignoring the future of our planet.
译文
画中可见，一位父亲种了一棵小树，这棵小树将长成参天大树，他的儿子将会从中受益。多年以后，他的儿子坐在树下享受着大树带来的阴凉。
在社会发展中，我们不能过度使用自然资源，比如说森林资源。从长远来说对森林的合理利用和植树造林是最好的选择。人类应当为社会发展做长远的打算。尽管木材在当今社会十分短缺，我们也必须控制滥砍滥伐，因为我们不愿看到森林这一人类赖以生存的基础被彻底用尽。植树造林无疑是又一项英明的举措。我们也许暂时不能够充分享受植树给我们带来的益处，但是我们必须继续将这一举措坚持下去，因为它会使我们的后代受益。
从可持续发展的角度来看，我们有责任来保障后代有丰富的自然资源可利用，并且不会使他们因今天决策者的目光短浅而受到惩罚。换句话说，我们不应该仅为满足我们自己当前的需要而用尽所有的自然资源，忽视我们后代的需求。
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