(2012·四川眉山一诊)
Cheating is nothing new.But today, educators and administrators are finding that instances of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent and are less likely to be punished than in the past .Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.
Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows .Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today's youth.Others have attributed increased cheating to the fact that today's youth are far more pragmatic(实用主义的) than their more idealistic predecessors(前辈)．While in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the world, today's students feel great pressure to conform(随大流) and succeed.In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy.Some suggested they did it out of spite for teachers they did not respect; others looked at it as a game.Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty.“People are competitive.” said a secondyear college student named Anna, from Chicago.There's an underlying fear .If you don't do well, your life is going to be ruined .The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from yourself.To achieve.To succeed.It's almost as though we have to outdo other people to achieve our own goals.
Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty on the schools.He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action.Dwight Huber, chairman of the English department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students are evaluated.“I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated，” Mr.Huber said.He feels that as long as teachers give shortanswer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can combine information, students will try to beat the_system. “The concept of cheating is based on the false assumption that the system is reasonable and there is something wrong with the individual who's doing it，” he said, “That's too easy an answer.We've got to start looking at the system.”
文章大意：本文对越来越多的学生作弊现象进行了剖析。有些人将之归咎于现代青年人道德价值观普遍松弛。另一些人则将之归咎于现在的学生比过去的学生更为实际。还有些人
认为这种上升趋势应归咎于校方评估学生的方式。
63．Educators are finding that students who cheat________. A.are more likely to be punished than before B.have poorer academic records than before C.can be academically weak or strong D.use the information in later years
答案：C 细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句话提到，学生不论成绩优劣，似乎都认可作弊行为，因此选C“成绩优或者劣的学生”符合原文意思。
64．According to the passage, youth cheat because of________. A.the eagerness to succeed B.the easiness to cheat C.the fear of competition
D.the impossibility to be punished
答案：A 推理判断题。文中提到了多种学生方面的作弊原因。只有A的表达与原文相符，可以回答题干的问题。B是文中提到的内容，但不是原因。学生们恐惧的是失败，不是竞争，不选C。作弊受惩罚可能性小了但不是没有，所以不选D。
65．What does the underlined part“the system” refer to? A.The education system. B.The school system.
C.The system by which schools punish cheating. D.The system by which students are evaluated.
答案：D 语义理解题。原文说Huber将作弊现象的原因归咎于评估学生的方式，后面引用他的话说明他的观点，学生们如果觉得考题和评分标准不理想，他们就会设法击败该制度。考题和评分标准正是学生评估体系的内容。
66．Which of the followings would Dwight Huber probably agree with? A.The educational system is sound and students must follow every rule. B.parents alone must take responsibility for the rise in student cheating. C.There should be some changes in the evaluation system. D.Students who cheat should be expelled from school.
答案：C 推理判断题。第三段中将作弊现象增加的原因归咎于评估学生的方式，最后说应该对这个体系加以审视。可以推测C正确。
I don't ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it's like to work in a field dominated by men. I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.
At 19, when I began studying astrophysics(天体物理学), it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as 3 post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement—jobs, research papers, awards— was viewed through the lens of gender (性别) politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus (相对于) right brain, or nature versus nurture (培育), I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.
Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don't talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn't want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don't study sociology or political theory.
Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women's college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer: 45. I know some of my students worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don't dismiss those concerns. Still, I don't tell them \"war\" stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that's a sight worth talking about.
9. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute(归因于) the author's failures to_____.
A. the very fact that she is a woman B. her involvement in gender politics
C. her over-confidence as a female astrophysicist
D. the burden she bears in a male-dominated society
10. What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoral research?
A. Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.
B. Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle. C. People's stereotyped attitude towards female scientists. D. Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture
11. Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?
A. Female students no longer have to worry about gender issues. B. Her students' performance has brought back her confidence. C. Her female students can do just as well as male students. D. More female students are pursuing science than before. 12. What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?
A. Women students needn't have the concerns of her generation. B. Women have more barriers on their way to academic success. C. Women can balance a career in science and having a family. D. Women now have fewer discrimination problems about science career. （C篇）ACDC
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The first field season is now over at the hut village of the workmen who built the tombs in the Valley of the Kings. However，the archaeologists working on the excavation(挖掘)have found that they still have a great deal to do. The sun, the wind and tourists have left their mark on the village, originally discovered by Bernard Bruyhre in 1935．
“From our modern perspective，it is upsetting to see how the village was first excavated and then left to be destroyed. Passers-by have used the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms,”says Jaana Toivari—Viitala, a teacher at the University of
Helsinki.“Fortunately, while we still have some surface cleaning to do, conservation are off to a good start.”
The hut village offers rare insight into everyday life in ancient Egypt. “In the early twentieth century，archaeologists were only interested in the tombs of kings. The workmen’s huts they discovered were seen as a necessary evil in the quest for the real treasures.”
“Now several international research groups on different excavations are examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. This seems to be a trend in archaeology right now.” Toivari-Viitala says．
Her research group wants to find out why the hut village was built on the slope of a mountain，halfway between the construction site and Deir-el-Medina. They are also interested in how many workers lived in the village at a time, when they lived there, and what their role was in the construction work.
“Comparing the names found in the village and in Deir-el-Medina provides useful information．Judging from the construction methods，settlement in the village can be divided into two separate periods: the initial settlement and a later one.”
For the time being，much is up to guessing, but Toivari-Viitala believes that the coming four field seasons, three months each, will see results.
“The working conditions are not nearly as difficult as I thought they would be. The cool winds in the mountains nicely alleviate the heat.”
The research group working on the “Workmen’s huts in the Theban mountains” project is planning to return to the Valley of the Kings in October. 13. What does the passage mainly talk about? ________ A. The hut village in the Valley of the Kings. B. The excavation of the tombs in the Valley. C. The archaeologists working on the excavation. D. Everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings.
14. Which of the following is NOT true of the hut village according to the passage? _______
A. It has been damaged a lot.
B. It can tell us something about ancient Egypt. C. It has attracted archaeologists’ attention. D. It has a lot of real treasures somewhere in it.
15. What’s the new trend in archaeology right now according to Toivari-Viitala? A. Being interested in the tombs of kings．
B. Examining everyday life and work in the Valley of the Kings. C. Using the huts as rubbish dumps and restrooms． D. Guessing what the result will be beforehand． 16. We can infer from the passage that__________. A. people know little about the hut village by now
B. the workmen’s huts were not discovered until very recently C. the research group working on the workmen’s huts will suffer a lot D. the hut village is much more valued by archaeologists than the tombs （D篇）ADBA
D
(2012·稳派教育新课改质检)
Having a hobby helps to make you a more interesting person and gives you something fascinating to talk about with others. It can also help you to avoid feeling bored and often provides the opportunity to meet new people with similar interests. Learning something new is always good for keeping the mind alert and active, as is maintaining a longterm interest in something that attracts you. This will also make you more of an interesting person than a person who is addicted to MySpace, watching TV, or doing other time wasting and unhealthy tasks.
Think of a hobby that might interest you. It might be an interest that you always wished you had time to explore, but never had the time or money required to pursue your interest.
Collect things for a fashion magazine. Look at the walls in your post office,
and think about collecting stamps and what you might need to do to start and maintain a stamp collection. Think of other items you might like to collect, for example, coins, dolls or chocolate wrappers.
________________. Have you ever gone to a museum, looked at the paintings on the walls, and wondered if you could do the same thing? How about trying painting for yourself—in oils or watercolors? Or maybe try drawing with charcoal or colored pencils.
Enjoy sport as a hobby. Watch soccer, basketball, golf, athletics or tennis tournaments on television or at your local sports ground. Do you feel that a sport is something that you would love to learn? Think about what it would cost, and the time it would take to learn and play. Do you have the funds available for this type of hobby? Would you have the patience it would take to really learn to play or train for any of these sports? Would you rather play a team sport or an individual sport? Maybe there are friends or family members who already have equipment and uniforms you can have, as well as tips for how to begin your chosen sport. Ask them about their experiences and listen to their suggestions.
文章大意：本文主要介绍了爱好对一个人的好处，以及怎样找到适合自己的一个业余爱好等。
67．It is implied in the first paragraph that________. A. having a hobby will waste a lot of time. B. a hobby will mean a lot of unexpected chances C. a hobby is no more than a timekilling activity D. having a hobby will do you good a lot
答案：D 推理判断题。根据第一段第三句的“Learning something new is always good for keeping the mind alert and active”和“This will also make you more of an interesting person than a person who is addicted to MySpace, watching TV...”等可知这一段主要讲的是有一个爱好对一个人的好处。
68．Which of the following is most suitable for the blank? A. Discover art for a hobby. B. Learn art in a museum.
C. Make art in your own community. D. Copy art from other painters.
答案：A 细节判断题。从第四段的“...a museum, the paintings，in oils or watercolors，charcoal or colored pencils”等可知是属于艺术方面的，故选A。
69．The questions in the 5th paragraph are used to________. A. show the curiosity of the writer about sports. B. present some advice for you to consider. C. express the doubt of the writer about sports. D. provide some choices on sports activity.
答案：B 细节理解题。结合最后一段第三句的“Do you feel that a sport is something that you would love to learn？”“Would you rather play a team sport or an individual sport？”可知这些问题的提出是为了给读者考虑的建议。
70．The purpose of writing this passage is to________. A. introduce the importance of a hobby B. explain how a hobby is developed C. teach us how to find a hobby
D. prove the effect of a hobby on a person
答案：C 写作意图题。本文主要介绍了一个业余爱好的好处，以及如何找到适合自己的爱好的各种建议等，所以C项符合意图。
E
(2012·安徽省皖南高三联合测评)
Did you know tigers are the largest living species of cat? Bengal tigers aren't the biggest, but they are still pretty large. The males weigh 180 to 258 kg and females weigh 100 to 150 kg. Adult male tigers are larger than adult females. Another thing that is different about male tigers is that they have a ruff of hair around their necks.
Have you ever heard a tiger roar(嚎叫)? If you have then you know what a loud and sometimes scary sound it can be. Tigers roar for many reasons. They actually roar less often than lions. This is because lions live in groups and most tigers spend a lot of time alone. One of the reasons their roar is so loud is so that it can be heard over long distances. A tiger's roar can be heard for many miles.
Here's something really interesting, in 2000, researchers discovered that tigers also communicate in frequencies(频率)that are too low for humans to hear. These frequencies are called infrasounds(次声波). They can travel for really long distances. What's really amazing is that these low sounds go through objects like buildings, forests, and mountains!
Besides roaring, tigers also make a growl, hiss, purr and chuff sound. Tigers make the churl sound when greeting other tigers. They roar during the mating (交
配) season to communicate over long distances.
Tigers also use chemicals to communicate. Males and females mark the boundary of their areas by spraying a mixture of urine (尿液) and scent on trees, grass, and bushes. Tigers also put scratches on tree trunks to mark their boundaries.
A tiger's body is built for capturing and killing large prey. Tigers have powerful legs and a flexible backbone. This helps the tigers to quickly chase and catch prey over short distances. Bengals can leap 10 yards and can jump 15 feet in the air.
Wild tigers are found only in Asia. Bengal tigers are protected, and they are the national animal of both Bangladesh and India. To help protect the tigers, the government in India had a special conservation program called project Tiger. Due to this project, the population of wild tigers in India now numbers about 3,500 which is up from the 1,200 tigers that lived there in 1970.
Tigers can live in almost any climate. They live in large hunting areas. To survive they need water, shade and food. Tigers are found in rainforests, hot, dry woods, and cold, snowy forests. Tigers also live in mangrove (经济的) swamps, marshes, and tail grasslands. In general, tigers like to be in shade. Unlike lions, they rarely go onto open plains.
文章大意：让我们认识一下兽中之王吧！
71．How can we tell an adult male tiger from a female tiger? A. By the loudness of their roar. B. By examining their powerful legs.
C. By looking at the hair around their necks. D. By watching how fast they can run.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“Another thing that is different about male tigers is that they have a ring of hair around their necks”可知根据老虎脖子上的“一圈毛”可以判断老虎的雌雄。
72．What does the underlined word in the sixth paragraph “prey” mean? A. Animals hunted for food. B. Animals running faster than tigers. C. Animals relying on tigers for food. D. Animals searching for food.
答案：A 词义猜测题。根据前面的“A tiger's body is built for capturing and killing”中的capturing和killing判断，该词的意思是“猎物”，所以选A。
73．Why do tigers roar less often than lions?
A. Because they live in groups. B. Because they needn't communicate. C. Because they seldom spend time together. D. Because they communicate in frequencies.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第二段 “This is because lions live in groups and most tigers spend a lot of time alone”判断，其原因是“老虎很少待在一起”。
74．Why does a tiger spray a mixture of urine and scent on trees, grass, and bushes? A. In order to show how powerful it is.
B. In order to attract tigers of a different sex. C. In order to lure(引诱)other animals to come near.
D. In order to warn other tigers not to come into its boundary.
答案：D 细节理解题。根据第五段的第二句“Males and females mark the boundary of their areas by spraying a mixture of urine and scent on trees, grass, and bushes”判断，老虎这么做是为了标出自己的活动范围，以警告其他老虎。
75．From the passage we can infer that________.
A．tigers mark their boundaries by scratching on the ground B．a male tiger makes the churl sound to attract a female one C．like other sounds, a tiger's roar can go through buildings D．tigers send different messages by making different sounds
答案：D 推理判断题。根据“Besides roaring, tigers also make a growl, hiss, purr and chuff sound. Tigers make the chuff sound when greeting other tigers.”可知。 *****************************12********************结束
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